Shakespeare Theatre "Globe". Enye zinkundla zindala London: Imbali

Shakespeare Theatre "Globe" njengenye yezona kakuhle nje kuphela kwi-UK kodwa eYurophu. Namhlanje yena nje kuphela kwiziko yenkcubeko edumileyo, apho ubona imidlalo abalawuli adumileyo kunye babukele umdlalo leenkwenkwezi imidlalo yehlabathi ndawo, kodwa yenye imibombo abadumileyo London.

prehistory

Yonke le nto yaqala nesibakala sokuba ngo-1576 yokubonela yokuqala karhulumente eLondon yakhiwa e Shoreditch, apho yonke ekuthiwa nje "I Theatre". U fanele kuYakobi Burbage, owayesebenza njengoko ngumchweli ebutsheni bakhe, kodwa kamva waba omdlali Watyeba qembu yakhe. Le nkundla waze 1597, xa umnini-mhlaba wema apho, wafuna ukukhululwa komhlaba okanye ukuhlawula kuye irente kabini. Ke oonyana yeziko host - URichard Cuthbert - bagqiba ukuseka iziko elitsha kwelinye icala iThames kwaye babuyiselwa ukuya eYafo ngokuyidadisa zezikhali ndawo zokwakha ngamaplanga - kwavela umqadi ube mnye.

Eyokuqala "Globe"

Ukwakhiwa yemiboniso entsha lweminyaka-2. Ngenxa yoko, Burbage iindlalifa baba abanini isiqingatha isakhiwo wayithimba 50 emhandzini ekhulwini ngalinye kwiziko elitsha. Kuba izibambiso eseleyo, ukuba yahlulwe phakathi eziliqela amalungu ezaziwayo-kakuhle yenkampani omdala, omnye wabo zolinganiso kunye nombhali amaninzi edlalwa ezakha repertoire "Globus" - Uilyam Shekspir.

New Theatre lweminyaka-14 kuphela, nanko apho yadlalwa phantse yonke imisebenzi ebhalwe ngumbhali enkulu. "Globus" ewuthanda ethandwa engakholelekiyo, naphakathi abaphulaphuli amaninzi kubonakala izidwangube ezibalulekileyo kunye basebukhosini. Ngenye imini, xa lo mdlalo "uHenry VIII" eqongeni, ingasebenziyo kunaso oxwlwa, kangangokuba ilunyekwa uphahla ngengca, yaye isakhiwo ngamaplanga itshiswe emhlabeni kwisithuba nje iiyure ezimbalwa. Okuvuyisayo kukuba, akukho mntu, ngaphandle ngesithende enye abafumene ukutsha ezingephi, musa buhlungu, kodwa yemiboniso kaShakespeare kaThixo "Globe", igqalwa elinye lamaziko ezininzi esaziwayo hlobo yayo eNgilani ngelo xesha, satshatyalaliswa.

Ibali ka 1614 ngo-1642

Kungekudala emva komlilo, le nkundla yaphinda yakhiwa kwi ndawo enye kwakhona. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi musa i ukuvumelana namhlanje malunga nokuba imali iprojekthi elitsha Uilyam Shekspir. Njengoko biographers wemidlalo uqaphele, ngeli xesha yena iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusuka ishishini. Enoba oko, uShakespeare wafa ngoAprili 23, 1616, lo gama yokubonela yesibini asinda de th 1642. Kungelo xesha "Globus" lavalwa yaye apheliswe qembu yakhe, njengokuba eNgilani, iMfazwe Civil waqalisa, kwaye sithi wangumlawuli baye ukuthintelwa naziphi na izinto zokuzonwabisa musa ne yokuziphatha amaProtestanti. Emva kweminyaka 2 isakhiwo yeqonga kwaye ichithwe ngokupheleleyo, isithuba ngaloo zikhululwe ukuba izakhiwo yokuhlala zokuhlala. Kule wokwakha kwenziwe ngokuqinileyo kangangokuba akukho andishiye nabani na onomkhondo ubukho yeqonga "Globe".

ukumba

Ulinganiso lweenkcukacha yaziwa kwilizwe apho kule minyaka 500 idlulileyo uyayiphulaphula kakhulu amaxwebhu kunye noovimba. Ngoko ke engaqhelekanga kakhulu ukuba kude kube sekupheleni 80s zenkulungwane yokugqibela, akukho namnye unako uxelele indawo ngqo apho Shakespeare theatre yodumo ibekwe ngenkulungwane ye-17 "Globe". Ukukhanya kulo mba ukuphalaza ngabembi eyenziwe 1989 kummandla yokupaka Anchor Terrace, ibekwe kwi Street Park. Ke oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukubona inxalenye isiseko kunye enye iinqaba "iimbumba". Ngokutsho izazinzulu, kummandla kunye namhlanje oko bekuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba siqhubeke ukukhangela iziqwenga theatre entsha. Noko ke, uphando akwenzeki, ukusukela inani kwezakhiwo kunye amangcwaba ngenkulungwane ye-18, ukuba imithetho British abekho phantsi ucalucalulo.

Yintoni na isakhiwo yemidlalo kaShakespeare

Imilinganiselo i "Globe" yesibini nangoku akwaziwa ukuba ezithile, kodwa izazinzulu icebo wakhe bakwazi ukubuyisela ngokuchanileyo olukhulu. Ingakumbi, bakwazi ukumisela ukuba yayakhiwe njenge emithathu tiered ngaphandle yeqonga sangqa iinyawo 97-102, leyo ngaxeshanye ukubonelela ukuya kubabukeli 3 million. Ngoko ekuqaleni babecinga ukuba esi sakhiwo setyhula, kunjalo, inxalenye kwimingxuma isiseko lubonise ukuba yayifana 18- okanye 20-hedron yaye nenqaba ubuncinane enye.

Ke ukuba isakhiwo zangaphakathi "iimbumba" obandisa proscenium ekufikelelwe phakathi kwentendelezo evulekileyo. Iqonga ngokwayo kunye aqandusele, apho, xa kukho imfuneko, ngaphandle abadlali, yaba ububanzi 43 iinyawo, ubude beemitha 27 waza wabuya wavuswa ngaphezu komhlaba ukuya ubude nama-1.5 m.

izihlalo ababukeli

inkcazelo esekhona le yeqonga "Globe" libonisa ukuba njengexhobongo esidiliyeni ngokwanelisayo obutofotofo kuba begazi zibekwe ecaleni udonga phezu ezintlu lokuqala. Ngaphezu kwezi neegalari zakhiwa kubemi izityebi Londoners ezihluphekileyo kodwa nangokuhloniphekileyo kunye nabantu abatsha, ezazikade imali, wabukela umboniso ehleli phezu komhlaba, ebekwe ekunene eqongeni. Mna yeqonga kunye ebizwa ngokuba emhadini, nto leyo ke lowo ulihlwempu baye bakwazi ukuhlawula-imbonakalo-nganye imbonakaliso penny eyodwa. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, olu didi waba wokuyeka ukudla ngexesha yeqonga kumabala emidlalo neenkozo zepistasi, iiorenji, ngoko kumbiwa isiseko "Globe" kwafunyanwa zitsho zibe ngamaqhekeza iqokobhe kunye nembewu yesitrasi.

Wings kunye nendawo iimvumi

Kwi inxalenye ngasemva kophahla yakhiwa eqongeni, zixhaswa kwimiqolo emikhulu. Phantsi kwalo mgama njengomntu wenzela silingi aqandusele, waziqaba amafu, apho, xa kuyimfuneko, abadlali akwazi ukuchaza ngeentsontelo, obonisa oothixo okanye iingelosi. Kukho kwakhona ngexesha umculo baba stagehands, uhle okanye akhwele ubuhle.

Ukususela emva ngasese, apho amalungu maka onxibe wakhangela kwimboniselo ilindele ukukhululwa yayo kwi ndawo kwakukho iingcango ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ukuze yemvelaphi ukuze adjoined kwivaranda apho iimvumi bathatha okhestra nezihlalo yeqonga kwaye kwezinye ngomdlalo, ezifana ukuveliswa "Romeo and Juliet", oko isetyenziswe njengeqonga eyongezelelweyo apho inyathelo kwenzeka.

Shakespeare Theatre "Globe" namhlanje

England lelinye lamazwe omnikelo idrama ihlabathi nzima ukuze zazi. Namhlanje, kakuhle waziwa, kuquka zemidlalo embalini of London, apho kukho ngaphezu elinesibini, akukho ukunqongophala ababukeli kulo lonke ixesha. Of umdla kakhulu kwi "Globe" wesithathu, njengoko utyelelo lwakhe lifana uhambo kwexesha. Kwakhona, abakhenkethi bathanda ngayo ngoku xa imyuziyam interactive.

ingcamango avuselele yeqonga IsiNgesi "Globe" ngo-1990. Nokulawula iprojekthi kakuhle eyaziwa zolinganiso American nakumlawuli Sam Uenameyker wanyanzelisa ukuba isakhiwo esitsha yayakhelwe ukuze okusemandleni yayifana yokuqala. Izimvo abakhenkethi abaye batyelela imidlalo yeqonga "Globe", bonisa kukuba iqela elikhulu nabayili abaziwayo, iinjineli kunye nabacebisi inxaxheba kule projekthi imvuselelo kwelinye lamaziko edume yenkcubeko kwimbali London, waphumelela ngokupheleleyo. Bade bagubungele kophahla iindiza, simanzi abasebenzi yakhe emlilweni, nangona oku izinto zokwakha kwikomkhulu baseBritane ayisetyenziswanga iminyaka engaphezu 250. Ukuvulwa kwenzeka ngo-1997, yaye phantse-18 iminyaka, apho kubonakala yimveliso ezininzi edlalwa Shakespeare kunye iiseti kunye nesinxibo yokuqala. Ke kaloku, njengokuba ebukumkanini wooYakobi lokuQala noCharles i Okokuqala, kwindawo yokubonela akukho ukulayita nokwenziwa ziyabanjwa ngexesha lasemini.

ngomdlalo

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ngenxa yaba nkulu ke okwam, "Globus" - William Shakespeare. ngomdlalo ezithandwa kakhulu ezifana "I Ukudambisa of the Shrew," "uKumkani Lear," "Henry IV," "Hamlet" kunye nabanye abadlala njengoko ngenkulungwane ye-17. Kubulungisa kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba zonke izithethe yeqonga kaShakespeare yasinda "Globe" yanamhlanje. Ngokukodwa, iindima noyinkazana, nobakhuphela phandle umdlali edlala namhlanje endaweni abadlali abatsha, njengoko eqhelekileyo kwiminyaka 250 eyadlulayo.

Kutsha nje, le nkundla weza tour eRashiya ayinyusa nokusindlekwa "Iphupha nehlobo Night kaThixo." Oku kungabonwa kuphela Muscovites, kodwa abahlali Ekaterinburg, Pskov kunye nezinye izixeko zelizwe lethu abaninzi. Izimvo baseRashiya baba ngaphezu bavuya, nangona uninzi abaphulaphuli bephulaphule itekisi ekutolikweni ngaxeshanye, ezingenakulinganiswa uphazamisane imbono epheleleyo abadlali ukudlala.

Phi kwaye njani ukuba

Namhlanje uShakespeare Theatre "Globus" libekwe ku http: New Globe Walk, SE1. Indlela elula ukuya khona engaphantsi, kufikelela isikhululo Cannon St, nandawo House. Ekubeni isakhiwo inxalenye ngaphandle kwendlu, ngoko ukungabi kwindawo ukusebenza yeqonga "Globe" kunokwenzeka kuphela ukususela-19 Meyi ukuya kwi-20 Septemba. Ngelo xesha kulo nyaka ihlela nangethuba yesakhiwo, likuvumela ukuba ubone nje eqongeni neholo, kodwa indlela ukwakha yeeseti kunye kweqonga. Kwakhona, abakhenkethi kubonisa nesinxibo enziwe kwi imizobo kwenkulungwane ye-17 kunye nezixhaso ubudala. Price ezityeleleyo yemidlalo yeqonga njengoko museum imidlalo art kwexesha Shakespeare kukuba iikhilogram 7 abantwana kunye £ 11 abadala.

Ngoku uyazi imbali yeqonga "Globe", kwakunye uyazi ukuba apho njani kwaye yintoni ungabona yeqonga apho.