Ma - a ... A kukwazisa okufutshane kwiMeko umxholo

Nabani na oye wafunda wokuprograma iyunivesithi uyazi ukuba ootitshala bathanda ukunika umbandela kuphela ezingundoqo ezisisiseko, abafundi babo. ma Subject nazo ziyaqwalaselwa, kodwa izifundo kamva. Kutheni? Ngenxa yokuba ma - sisiseko ovumela wenkqubo ukusebenza imithamo esikhulu solwazi.

isingeniso

topic yanamhlanje, siqala nesibakala sokuba sisithi thaca le inkcazo kuloo kota. Ma - izinto lwenkqubo okusingqongileyo, emele iseti data kwifomu tabular okanye emgceni. Khawube nomfanekiso uthotho amanani random 1, 6, 2, 4, no 8. uya uluhlu. inombolo nganye ibhalwe ngokulandelelana, unenani yayo serial, yaye loo nto yenza kube lula ukuba babalise (eze) kuzo kunye uluhlu iinkqubo.

irekhodi

Cinga indlela kwimiboniso kubhaliwe practice. Rekoda, ma uphawu - ukuba iingenziwa ukubonisa udidi lwabo inkqubo (apho kuza iya kugcinwa kwi uluhlu) kunye nenani iiseli. Ngamanye amaxesha badwelisi benkqubo ukudala uluhlu omkhulu ngaphandle ecacisa inani ngqo lweziqalelo, kodwa ngoko ukufikelela yona kufuneka silumke kakhulu ukuba udweliso lwenkqubo fixated waza waqalisa wayebhekisela ukwenza zingabinanto iiseli.

• D: uluhlu [1..k] bokwenyani; - ngoko ubhala uluhlu kwi "Pascal". Ukuba kufuneka ukudala inkqubo ndiyazi ukuba uya kuba ezona zinto 5, ungasebenzisa i ungeno D: uluhlu [1..5] bokwenyani;

Njengoko kungenzeka ukuba elithekelelwayo D - incwadi, okuthetha igama uluhlu; real - oku uhlobo (format) lwe data enokuthi eziqulethwe uluhlu; uluhlu [] - linani lweziqalelo uluhlu.

aphili

Ukuze isebenze kunye elementi uluhlu, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa le nkqubo. Ma - Ngawo la amanani ezifanayo okanye amagama, njengazo zonke ezinye. Ukuze isebenze kunye element uluhlu, kuyimfuneko ukwazisa: D [1]. Oku kuya ukhethe element lokuqala uluhlu kwaye baqhube imisebenzi kunye naye. Umzekelo:

• ushicilelo (D [1]); - Lo myalelo uya kwenza umsebenzisi ukubonisa ixabiso equlethwe iseli lokuqala uluhlu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa ufuna ukwenza imisebenzi zezibalo kunye kwimiboniso, ngoko kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo uhlobo. Ungakwenza oku kuphela xa une uluhlu lwamanani. Ukuyenza ibonakale ncono:

• Ukuba unayo i uluhlu lwe D: uluhlu [1..k] lombhalo; - yaye kwiseli D [1] = 1, ngoko awukwazi ukusebenzisa lwesi sakhi kwi imisebenzi zezibalo kuba yeprogram "1" - oku nje elithi "omnye", hayi inani. Ngoko ke ukubukela izinto kunye neentlobo zabo.

Ukuba uceba imisebenzi zezibalo, okanye uluhlu nje ukuba kugcinwa amanani ngcono obespokoytes udidi kwangaphambili kubabela okanye "inani elipheleleyo" "yokwenene".

itheyibhile

Masibhale Ngoku sithethe isithuba ngeenxa zonke kuthi. Siphila kwihlabathi-ntathu, kwaye uninzi izinto linokuchazwa 3 parameters: ubude, ububanzi, ubude. Yaye ukusuka apho kwimiboniso obubodwa. ma-mbini - itheyibhuli data, apho isiqalelo ngasinye bhaso inani ngaphezu kwesinye serial, baza ke bobabini - inombolo line kunye column nenombolo. Xa wayebhekisela uluhlu onamacala amabini kufuneka ukhankanye yomibini inani - D [1, 1].

Ngako oko, le uluhlu uya kukwazi ukugcina izixa ezikhulu data. Ngelishwa, ngeelwimi abadala lwenkqubo, kwiimeko ezininzi, inombolo element uluhlu abanokusebenza amanani kuphela. Ngoko ke, ugcino iitafile ezinkulu, iba yingxaki kakhulu ngenxa yokuba kumhlathi ngamnye etafileni kuya kufuneka ukwakha uluhlu eyahlukileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, masithi nathi sibe itafile apho data kubhaliweyo kuyo abafundi. Zezi: unyaka wokuzalwa, igama eklasini.

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, kufuneka udale kwimiboniso ezininzi, kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno. Sikwazi ukudala uluhlu onamacala-ezimbini uhlobo yamanani ukuya kumhla ezingoovimba wokuzalwa kunye neklasi, kwaye uluhlu yesibini okugcina ulwazi umbhalo (FI). Kodwa kungelula. Okokuqala, igama lokugqibela kunye lokuqala, kusenokufuneka ukuphatha ngokwahlukeneyo. Okwesibini, ungenza ngokulula wabhideka xa ugcwalisa enempi unyaka kunye neklasi. Ngoko ke, kuya kuba lula ukwenza kwimiboniso eyahlukileyo 4 kumhlathi ngamnye. Ndiyavuma, kuba nzima kakhulu?

PHP

ma PHP na ukusombulula ingxaki njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngentla. Inyaniso kukuba kule ulwimi lokuprograma, ungakhankanya nje uhlobo lwe data kwi uluhlu, kodwa uhlobo imitha (index). Ukongeza, i-data zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo laliwaphethe uluhlu enye. Ukudala uluhlu-liyajikeleza (ukuba ufuna ukuthatha umhlathi omnye):

• $ Array = uluhlu (1989, 1988, ...);

Lo mzekelo uyila uluhlu olulula. Isalathisi idaliwe ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye igqalwa zero. Oko kukuthi, i-zero uluhlu element - 1989, okokuqala - 1988, njalo njalo Kodwa kuthekani ukuba kufuneka ubeke etafileni lonke ibe uluhlu yoyilo? Ngawaphi multi kumacala- PHP uluhlu lokulwa? Esi sakhiwo, apho isiqalelo ngasinye nayo liyindlela yobeko kakuhle. Indlela ibattery umzekelo kuthi?

$ Table = uluhlu (

uluhlu (1989, "Smith", "uYohane", 9)

uluhlu (1988, "Smith", "UPetros", 10),

...

);

Into esinayo ekugqibeleni? Siye phambi kwethu kukho uluhlu ekuthiwa $ itafile, leyo imiqolo ihlangabezane imiqolo kwindlela yemigca. Ukuba kovorit i uluhlu lweziqalelo, ngoko ke uya kukhangela ngolu hlobo:

• $ Table [0, 0] = 1989, $ itafile [0, 1] = "Smith", $ itafile [0, 2] = "uYohane", $ itafile [0, 3] = 9.
• $ Table [1, 0] = 1988, $ itafile [1, 1] = "UPetros", $ itafile [1; 2] = "UPetros", $ itafile [1, 3] = 10.

Enanikade 0 no-3 columns uluhlu amanani, nangowoku-1 nowesi-2 - umbhalo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungasoloko ukuguqula idatha ayimfuneko ifomathi efunekayo yaye hlanganisa iiseli.