Sociology Contemporary

Contemporary Sociology ibandakanya izikolo mnozhetsvo yenzululwazi kunye umthambo ngamnye, iyileyo ngendlela yaso sicacisa bubuntu lwezenhlalo nauki.Opredeleny sotsiaologii kwi langoku eqongeni, kukho kwakhona kakhulu eninzi. Avamise kakhulu iinkcazelo ezifana 'inzululwazi imithetho yokosulela kunye nophuhliso iinkqubo zentlalo kunye noluntu ekuhlaleni, indlela oluqhuba ngayo ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye noluntu "," inzululwazi lokusekwa imithetho wophuhliso ubukho uluntu kunye nobudlelwane kwezentlalo. "

kwabantu Modern umphakathi layo kwisifundo-ebizwa okanye iziganeko zentlalo ngamnye. Kwabantu ngelixa ukufunda hayi nje ngeziganeko ngokwabo, kodwa iimpawu zixhaphakileyo leyo ingabandakanywanga ngabanye ezentlalo (imbali, intanda, ngezengqondo, inkqubo yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko, ithiyori umthetho).

Kule nkalo, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba isosioloji mihla - yinto nenzululwazi elahlukileyo imithetho jikelele iziganeko zentlalo kunye neempawu zooyise. Xa izifundo isosioloji akuxhomekekanga nje isekelwe kumava enokwehla, kodwa uqukumbela kwakhona phezulu imfundiso yakhe.

izifundo kwabantu nje emntwini ngokubanzi, kwaye uphonononga ihlabathi bobukho bayo, apho ekuhlaleni, uluntu apho ifakwa, uthungelwano zentlalo, indlela yokuphila, imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni. Kwabantu ubona kwihlabathi njengenkqubo. Loo nkqubo ingqalelo kuye kuphela njengomsebenzi nokuphuhlisa, kodwa nje ingxaki. Contemporary Sociology ijolise ukufunda unobangela lwengxaki yaye uzama ukufumana iindlela kunokwenzeka kulo, yaye umntu uya kuba buhlungu okwelo uluntu kunye ethembisayo.

Iimpawu bezenzululwazi na ukuba uzama ukusombulula le ngxaki etsolo namhlanje - ukusinda uluntu ukuba uhlaziyo kunokwenzeka elizayo impucuko kunye nokuphakamisa ukuba eliphezulu kakhulu kwisigaba yonxulumano. Kwabantu ufuna isisombululo kwezi ngxaki, hayi kuphela kwinqanaba jikelele, kodwa kwinqanaba zoluntu zentlalo ngamnye, amaziko asekuhlaleni, ngokufunda indlela yokuziphatha ekuhlaleni abantu ngabanye. Olu phando uphonononga amanqanaba uphuhliso, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nokusebenza uluntu kunye noluntu zabantu. Kulo mzekelo, eli nesenzeko noonobangela zabo, yena ukhangela iinkqubo zentlalo-nzulu, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye noluntu.

Iindawo kwabantu mihla wayo zokugweba ezimbini. Zonke izikolo isosioloji mihla yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini. It theory microsociological kunye macrosociological.

Xa iqela zokugqibela imfundiso enkulu impembelelo ungquzulwano lwentlalo functionalism noshowo. Zonke izikolo zisekelwe phezu impumelelo bezenzululwazi.

Imithetho functionalism noshowo kwakhokelela Talcott Parsons, banyusa ukujonga kuluntu inkqubo equlathe izinto ezihambelanayo ezisebenzayo. Ezi zinto, wabathabatha abantu, amaqela, kunye namanye amaqela oluntu, phakathi apho kukho unxulumano. Le mbono lujolise uzinzo iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nefomu yokuzivelela lophuhliso.

Imfundiso ungquzulwano lwentlalo (ulwalathiso conflictological of isosioloji) iye yavela ngokuchasene ukuya functionalism noshowo. Abameli ezaziwayo-kakuhle oku kuba L.Kozer kunye R.Darendorf.

Coser Ungumbhali thiyori ungquzulwano HIV-functional, nto leyo ithi ukuba uzinzo kwinkqubo yezentlalo busenza ukuba ubukho zongquzulwano olusisinyanzelo izinto, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kwiimbambano zentlalo kunye ukungqubana kwamaxesha ethayimthebhile. Dahrendorf yaqulunqa ingqiqo kwemodeli ungquzulwano yoluntu. Iinkolelo eziphambili ingcamango yakhe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: yoluntu kwinkqubo rhoqo utshintsho, loo nto impixano kunqandwa, zonke izinto ngamnye oluntu igalelo lutshintsho kunye nomanyano eluntwini lusoloko lizaliswe amanye amalungu phezu kwabanye.

theory Microsociological ayagxininisa kwi isifundo ukuziphatha kwabantu kulwalamano zabo zentlalo. Le mbono eziphambili zezi microsociology phenomenology, interactionism yokomfuziselo, ithiyori utshintshiselwano kwezentlalo, ethnomethodology.

interactionism elinophawu (Dzhordzh Gerbert Mead) uchaza ukuba abantu benze, sikhokelwa iinqobo lokomfuziselo ofuna ukuyitolika. Phenomenology (Alfred Schütz) uphonononga ubunyani loluntu ekufundeni kubomi bemihla ngemihla ngabantu. Ethnomethodology (Harold Garfinkel) ephatha inyaniso njengoko ruzultaty yokutolika izinto zabantu. Imfundiso exchange loluntu (Dzhordzh Homans) esekelwe kwimigaqo ye behaviorism achaze iinkqubo zentlalo.