Kodominirovanie - olu hlobo engaqhelekanga yentsebenziswano phakathi alleles

Ukuze siqonde oko kodominirovanie izakhi, sihlalutya iintlobo yentsebenziswano phakathi kunokwenzeka alleles. Ngokutsho hypothesis gametes ubunyulu yacebisa Gregor Mendel, ukuyilwa gametes kuyo ayikhumbulayo nje enye alleles ezimbini ephilayo umzali ngamnye unoxanduva mfanelo. Ngenxa yoko, xa gamete oluqhelekileyo diploid akhiwe isethi alleles. Ngaphezu koko, ukubusa iyonke ngazo ngokwayo kwi intsebenziswano xa lubalaseleyo abayithintelayo sofuzo, izinga lokuqaqamba ezingaphelelanga kunye kodominirovanie.

ukukhonya ayiphelelanga

Kule meko allele lubalaseleyo ayikho ngokupheleleyo ayisayicinezeli sofuzo, isiphumo inomsebenzisi omtsha intermediate. Umzekelo odumileyo ayigqitywanga ukukhonya iintyatyambo umbala kwezinye iintyatyambo ezifana yonke. Masithi kukho intyatyambo ebomvu kweejini homozygous (AA) (umgca ecacileyo) kunye intyatyambo emhlophe (aa), umgca enye ecocekileyo. Xa bewela kuvela iintyatyambo kunye imibala ezipinki - umzekelo kodominirovaniya. kweejini Aa wabo ifomu, kodwa kuvela kwakhona allele lubalaseleyo kunye sofuzo. Ngokuwela wajika phakathi - umbala pink.

Kodominirovanie

Olunye uhlobo gene yokuthetha - kodominirovanie. Le meko iyafana ukukhonya engaphelelanga, kodwa usenalo umahluko enye enkulu. Kodominirovanie - sofuzo intsebenziswano apho iimpawu malungana zenzeka ngexesha elinye, kodwa sukuxuba kwaye musa kuvelisa phawu eliphakathi.

Xa ukunqumla intyatyambo emhlophe petunias ezibomvu bomvu, epinki, ezimhlophe okanye bi-umbala. Imbali ibe bomvu namhlophe usisiphumo yenkqubo efana kodominirovanie. Yeyona mzekelo uqhelekileyo intsebenziswano enjalo.

Kodominirovanie uphawu ezinye izityalo.

Ukuxoxa zofuzo nonallelic

Kuthiwa kuphela izakhi allelic ukusebenzisa amagama afana ukukhonya epheleleyo, izinga lokuqaqamba ezingaphelelanga kunye kodominirovanie. Imizekelo kunye imifuniselo intlaninge yaqinisekisa ukuba kwimeko yemfuza non-allelic ekubhekiselwe kwezinye iintlobo yolwalamano - intsebenziswano, epistasis, complementarity Polymer. Umzekelo Polymer, kunokuba lokuqaqamba engaphelelanga, elo ilifa umntu ibala.

Kodominirovanie kubantu

Omnye umzekelo elula kanti kodominirovaniya - ilifa igazi. Njengoko usazi, kukho amaqela igazi ezine. Iqela lokuqala G (I) iboniswe phambi kweejini ezimbini zofuzo sofuzo homozygous O. A Iqela yesibini (II) Inokwenzeka kunye kweejini AB okanye AA. Le phenotype iya kuzibonakalisa kuphela A sofuzo elibalaseleyo, nto leyo ofihla ngokupheleleyo a sofuzo. Imeko efanayo bekuya kuba kwiqela igazi lesithathu B (III), oluthi luqokelelane kunye kweejini BB okanye IVOTI. gene lawula ngendlela sofuzo ofihla O kwaye ukuzibonakalisa ngenxa yokonganyelwa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa wawela kunye AA genotypes homozygous and BB? Kwaye ke gene A kunye gene B ezibalaseleyo, ngoko akukho namnye kubo ayikwazi ukucinezela ngokupheleleyo enye, kwaye uya kuzibonakalisa ngokwabo. Kulo mzekelo, nge-100% linokuba kuzakwenza amaqela igazi wesine - AB ibamba kodominirovanie. Oku kwenzeka kwi heterozygous yokuwela AO kunye Bo, apho nawuphi umphumo kunokwenzeka:

P: AOhVO;

F1: AO (II), AB (IV), IVOTI (III), PA (I).

Kungenxa yoko le nto lwegazi yomntwana ayikwazi kuba iqela igazi elifanayo abazali. Lo mzekelo ubonisa ukuba kodominirovanie athe wabonakala hayi kuphela umbala kwezityalo.

Kodominorovanie and wezakhi

Oku kucaciswe ukuba ibinzana zombini Lithi - oku akusoloko kodominirovanie. Oku kungqina yinto enqabileyo yemfuza njengabantu yaye ezinye izilwanyana - heterochromia (umbala Ukungafani iris). Heterochromia lugqityiwe, umzekelo, xa elinye iliso esimdaka blue enye, okanye inxenye yazo, umzekelo xa iqokobhe eluhlaza unalo icandelo hina. Heterochromia, nangona isifaniso kwabonakala kunye umbala ukupeyinta, umzekelo hayi kodominirovaniya kunye zofuzo lofuzo. Ukophulwa isikhumba nombala - nayo kodominirovanie Utsho imizila yemfuza. Kodominirovanie kulo mzekelo kubhidaniswe izifo.

umthetho wokuqala Kodominirovanie kaThixo Mendel

Kodominirovaniya phenomenon kunye igunya engaphelelanga, ekuqaleni, kubonisa ukuba lo wokuqala umthetho Mendel phezu ukufana ibhastile nto leyo eyenziwa. Gregor Mendel ukuhlola yakhe awaqhubana ngayo ertyisi, nayo bekungayi nayiphi kodominirovanie okanye igunya buso, yaye kuphela ukukhonya ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimeko apho uphawu engumxube, okanye ukubonisa ngaxeshanye ayinakwenzeka, amaga- okulungileyo ngokupheleleyo. Emva phantse ikhulu leminyaka, xa aphandwe kunye kodominirovanie kunye igunya engaphelelanga, umthetho wokuqala izilungiso ukuchaza ukuba sizukulwana yesibini ibhastile kuvela, ngokusekelwe homozygotes ezifanayo ngokuthi nokuwela ngxilimbela yokuqala isizukulwana ngemiqondiso esahlukileyo. Kuyabonakala ebhudla kwimeko yokonganyelwa ngokupheleleyo okanye uphawu oluxubileyo - kwimeko yokonganyelwa ayiphelelanga.

Ungasebenzisa umzekelo ilifa amaqela igazi ukubonisa ngumphelelisi esichanekileyo umthetho wokuqala Mendel:

P: AA BB ×;

F1: AB, AB, AB, AB.

Isiphumo yokuwela imigca emibini ziya kuba ndlovu heterozygous ecocekileyo, apho phenotype elingumxube uphawu babonakaliswa, njengoko kwenzeka kodominirovanie. Oku oluhambisana isilungiso.