Sodium hydride. Iimpawu kunye nenkcazelo isicelo.

Phambi kokuba unciphise ukuba iimpawu sodium hydride, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba yintoni na, isetyenziswa apho nendlela ekubaluleke ngayo. Le mibuzo iya kuphendulwa wonke umntu, Noko ke, ukungazi ulwazi elolo hlobo akuthethi ukuthetha ngamampunge le nto. Kanye njengokuba ezinye iikhompawundi isodiyam oko lisetyenziswa kushishino.

Zama ukuqonda imiba, kwaye makhe siqale inkcazelo kunye nenkcazelo le ezimbaxa. Ngenxa yoko, sodium hydride - into enzima ezingaphiliyo ukuba i nah ifomula, umgubo nombala-nokuba limhlophe hygroscopic. Ilungiswe ukusabela zokuluzamisa yayo kwaye kukho ulwelo egalelwe yerhasi hydrogen kunye zalo sodium. Yenza le nto ngenxa karboksidirovaniya, alkylation kunye acylation ubuthakathaka C-H-asidi. Ukusebenzisana yale compound ngamanzi unika hayidroksayidi isisombululo (sodium hayidroksayidi, sodium hayidroksayidi).

Ngoko ke, ngoku ngqo kwi ngeempawu sodium hydride. Okokuqala, akukho cala ngokumalunga nesinyithi, leyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kuyokwenzeka ukuba umhlwa. Xa usebenzisa le nto, nangona zonke iintlobo imikrwelo, uburhabaxa kunye iziphene kumphezulu zangaphandle intsimbi, oko isasazwa ngokufanayo kwaye ikhusela komhlaba. sodium hydride, esetyenziswa kwioli izimbiwa okanye ezinye hydrocarbon ngohlobo zokumiswa. Kuba oku ezinzima kufuneka lashushu degrees 100. Sodium hydride linyibilike kwi 800 degrees Celsius, kodwa oku kwenzeka kuphela phantsi koxinzelelo.

Lo myalezo, kwakunye calcium hydride, titanium kunye zirconium, kuba nomphumela omuhle vulcanizates zerabha. In bona ilawulwa ngokukhawuleza phambi kokuba inkqubo yokuhlanganisa ngokohlobo nisikwe e petrolatum, iparafini okanye ioli bezimbiwa. Sodium hydride kwezinye iipropati emzimbeni efanayo sodium chloride, kodwa imveliso yayo inzima kancinci ezibizayo. Ngoko ke, ububanzi sodium hydride iimpawu ezizodwa ngenxa inawo kuphela sodium compound. Kodwa iinkqubo yemichiza uthathe indawo inxaxheba sodium chloride kesodiyam hydride, zahluke kakhulu.

Sodium hydride aza kusetyenziswa ukubuyisa titanium. Ngaloo iimeko apho kufuneka ukuchacha kukuninzi ngokwaneleyo, oko kukuthi, sithetha ngendlela mveliso. Yile impahla hydride ifumene ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino enzima kushishino ngomatshini. Sodium hydride kusetyenziswa yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye - kwezo meko xa kuyimfuneko ukwabela iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo zelo qela zesinyithi ezinqabileyo, ezinye ehlanganisa leyo ayikwazi zingahlukaniswa. Waye ngenkuthalo esetyenziswa kwamanye amacandelo ezoqoqosho. Njengoko kubonakala zonke izibakala ngasentla, sodium hydride na ikhemikhali ebalulekileyo ngokwaneleyo leyo lisetyenziswa kwimveliso mveliso.

Ngoku amagama ambalwa malunga ukulungiselela sodium hydride kwindawo isikali mveliso. Ekuveliseni i-sodium hydride imali encinci yale compound usele etankini, kwaye inikezelwa kumphezulu sodium otyhidiweyo. Itanki - oxwesileyo ibhetshi reactor - isiqulathi apho iqhele ngesilungelelanisi sibheqwayo ezimbini. Ngesi uyilo, izinto ujikeleziswe ngaphakathi reactor. Kubalulekile ukujonga ubonelelo sodium yehayidrojini, njengokuba Amanani elingachanekanga hydride asebenzayo aphambukele kwisigaba engamanzi. Le nto ingathatha kwindawo kweemeko lobushushu engalunganga (ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ngaphezu ixabiso avumelekile).