Imigca endle Electric. isingeniso

Ukwahlula scalar kunye entsimini yomzobo yesiboniso (kulo mzekelo iya kuba sombane esiyua endle). Ngako oko, angumfuziselo imisebenzi scalar okanye kumda wesangqa ye uququzelelo kunye nexesha.

ifildi Scalar ichaza umsebenzi kwifom φ. emasimini abanjalo ngokwenkangeleko ukuboniswa kusetyenziswa kwinqanaba elifanayo kumphezulu: φ (x, y, z) = c, c = nengngqi.

Sichaza kumda wesangqa, apho lujoliswe ukukhula umsebenzi φ eliphezulu.

Ixabiso elililo yale kumda wesangqa imisela izinga ukutshintsha umsebenzi φ.

Ngokucacileyo, intsimi scalar ivelisa intsimi yomzobo yesiboniso.

Lo mhlaba yombane kuthiwa isakhono, kwaye umsebenzi φ kuthiwa isakhono. umgangatho ofanayo umphezulu ekuthiwa imiphezulu equipotential. Ngokomzekelo, cinga esigangeni yombane.

Kuba amasimi ebonakalayo kumboniso ukwakha ekuthiwa-imigca endle yombane. Kanti kuthiwa imigca kumda wesangqa. Le umgca tanjenti ukuya kwindawo leyo ibonisa indlela yentsimi yombane. Inani imigca leyo udlule indawo unit na ngokomlinganiselo ixabiso elililo kumda wesangqa.

Thina Fundisa malunga nekhonsepthi umahluko yomzobo ecaleni umgca l. Le kumda wesangqa ngqo ecaleni kodwa azikweli phezulu ukuya kumgca l kunye ixabiso elililo lilingana DL umahluko.

Masithi unikwe intsimi ethile zombane, apho kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucinga indlela imigca endle. Ngamanye amazwi, siye sibone ngumlingani lokwanda (ukurhwaqela) k kumda wesangqa ungqamane umahluko. Lifana amacandelo umehluko kunye kumda wesangqa, sinokuyifumana nenkqubo kwizibalo. Emva kuhlanganiso, unako ukwakha inxaki ziingcingo zombane.

Uhlalutyo yomzobo intsebenziswano okunikela ulwazi malunga apho imigca amandla yentsimi zombane kwenzeka kwimeko ethile. Thina Fundisa malunga nekhonsepthi 'kumda wesangqa obhobhozayo "phezu S. I nkcazelo ngokusesikweni flow F limi ngolu hlobo: ixabiso ithathwa njengokuba imveliso DS zahlula eqhelekileyo kwicandelo kumda wesangqa eqhelekileyo kumphezulu s. Orth kukhethiwe ukuze lichaza umphezulu zangaphandle eqhelekileyo.

Lo mfanekiso phakathi ingqiqo endle kwemali kunye nokungena zenkqunto: into ngeyunithi ixesha nganye udlula kumphezulu leyo yona aa Incopho endle kwemali. Ukuba imigca amandla yentsimi electrostatic ibekwe ngokwangaphandle ukusuka kumphezulu S, ngoko ke flow HIV, kwaye ukuba akukho ngoyaba - negative. Ngokubanzi, emfuleni unako ukuqikelela inani lee layini ezithe zasendle ukuba ziyaphuma komhlaba. Kwelinye icala, wobhobhozayo na ngokomlinganiselo inani imigca amandla engena element komhlaba.

Le divergence lomsebenzi kumda wesangqa ibalwa kwindawo leyo ibhendi umthamo ΔV. S - komhlaba egubungele umthamo ΔV. Operation divergence indawo kwisithuba ivumela elichaza ubukho kuyo yonke imithombo yasendle. Ngexesha ucinezelo umphezulu S kwenyeindawo P imigca endle yombane gaze umphezulu, ziyakuhlala inani elifanayo. Ukuba isithuba akukho nendawo eyintsusa yako yasendle (ukuvuza okanye idreyini), ngoko ke umphezulu compressive ngeli xesha isixa iintambo zombane, ukuqala ngexesha elithile elilingana zero (inani imigca ngaphakathi umphezulu S lilingana nenani imigca kule kumphezulu zisathe).

I yesiko closed loop L ekugqibeni ukusebenza plane kuthiwa lokuhamba kombane ecaleni aya nokuthi plane L. Operation ukunyanisa indawo entsimini esithubeni. Ulwalathiso plane limisela ubukhulu yasendle flow evaliweyo phantsi ingongoma elinikiweyo (intsimi plane luphawu omtsha) kunye nolwalathiso yayo. Ngokusekelwe ukumiselwa plane, ngenxa utshintshwano ezilula kungabalelwa yesimo umbane kumda wesangqa ngendlela cartesian nokulungelelanisa inkqubo, kwaye imigca endle yombane.