St Petersburg Academic Theatre weBhunga City iLeningrad: iintlobo, inkcazelo kunye nabadlali

Kubomi somntu ngamnye kukho-ebizwa ngokuba zokomfuziselo, yaye angaba, iindawo zonqulo. Kuba theatergoers enye yezi ndawo, Kakade ke, lo St. Petersburg Academic Theatre weBhunga City iLeningrad. Hayi nje abahlali baloo mzi, kodwa nayiphi kwabakhenkethi okanye abahambahambayo uzama ukufumana ukuya show kule etempileni Melpomene.

Century New - inkcubeko entsha

Kwindawo yokubonela kamasipala ngenkulungwane XIX bekungenjalo kakhulu. Ngokomthetho qembu omele inkxaso kubathengi futhi wenza eqongeni of "ekhaya" yeqonga. loluntu ukumelwa loo ukufikelela yavalwa.

Ukuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini wabona revolution nje kuphela kubomi kwezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Inguqu yachukumisa zonke iindawo zobugcisa - amagcisa, iimbongi nababhali, Abayili kunye nabalawuli benkulungwane baziva bekhululekile kwaye thaca enkundleni abantu abayithandayo indalo yakhe zovavanyo. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi zobugcisa owayephila akumangalisi ukuba ngo-1933 e-St Petersburg kwakukho yemiboniso, ogama "New". Kamva, qembu ekhokelwa uIsake kroll wajika waya Academic Theatre weBhunga City iLeningrad.

ibandla Dutch

Umdlalo wokuqala kwenzeka ekwakhiweni kwebandla Dutch, ibekwe kwi Nevsky Ithemba. Isakhiwo icawa zange zonke iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ekufumaneni yeqonga, yaye kungekudala emva emiboniso yokuqala komlilo phantse Wathabatha lonke iqela. Ithiyetha, ima uqalile, phantse yaphela.

Kodwa umdlalo ngqo ngu Croll (umfundi USEBENZE Meyerholda) kwaye bebamb 'ongezantsi abaphulaphuli nabagxeki. nokwenza brilliant, bema imvelaphi yalo itempile Melpomene, hayi abakhange. Njengoko isicelo abasemagunyeni wajika izafobe yeqonga kunye ubugcisa, yaye ngowe-1936 ngendlela ezintsha kwigumbi imidlalo A. I. Pavlovoy waphinda imisebenzi yayo St Petersburg Academic Theatre weBhunga City iLeningrad. On zintathu Street lavela iipowusta ukudlala A. N. Ostrovskogo "Imali Mad", abandinyelise ngawo imbali yale nkampani yaqala.

Ngexesha Second World War, isakhiwo ochaphazelekayo gqitha iziqhushumbisi, waza wabuya uhambo olude yala magcisa Far East babonelele izakhiwo ezitsha --Pomakazi owayesakuba Prince V. P. Golitsyna, kunye Academic Theatre of Idilesi weBhunga City iLeningrad endaweni Vladimirsky Prospekt 12.

Meyerholdovshchina

Ngasekupheleni imi--30 amanani ukusuka kwezobugcisa baqalisa ukuba nzima kunye nabalawuli ngcembe yaye abadlali. Umnqweno kwanokuphucula, ukufunda ngendlela yabo imisebenzi yabo classical namhlanje abamangali nabani na, kodwa kunoko, zithandwa kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, ukuba igama eliqhelekileyo "Meyerholdovshchina" (ezivela amagama umlawuli V. E. Meyerholda) kukoyika kunye aqale. Creative, fumana iindlela ezintsha abantu zobugcisa musa ukwamkela uphile phantsi.

Kulo mjikelo ezinye iithiyatha eSt Petersburg. Theatre Lensoviet - akukho ngaphandle. Umlawuli oyintloko, uIsake Croll, wagxothwa post yakhe. Isigqibo abaphathi nenkcubeko ezidolophini kubekwa BM Sushkevich.

Ubunye kwemfundo

nomdlali obalaseleyo, utitshala BM Sushkevich, weza naye iqela izidanga ze-Theatre Institute. Emva ukusebenza A. P. Chehovym and E. B. Vahtangovym Yokuqala Moscow Art Theatre Studio, ndakuqonda kwi K. S. Stanislavskogo kunye LA Sulerzhitskii, Boris wayeqinisekile ukuba impumelelo qembu efunekayo "amaza omnye" (njengoko Ndingathi ngoku). Kuphela ubunye enjalo imbono kunye isiseko methodological yomsebenzi lobutyhila ngokwenene badlulisele undoqo umsebenzi wobugcisa. Yiyo le sithembiso kuye kwaziswa Academic Theatre weBhunga City iLeningrad. St. Petersburg ngokukhawuleza yaba ethe shinyi, ubuhle yaye kwangaxeshanye izisombululo nqanaba kakhulu mihla BM Sushkevich.

zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa okunezakha-mzimba kunye waqamba yingqokelela nje ukuba ukuvula phantse bonke abadlali zonke qembu. Xa neziveliso ze Schiller ( "Mariya Stuart", "Liyelenqe Fiesco e Genoa") eqongeni bababengezelela Nadezhda Bromley, umfazi ezihlanganisa Sushkevich. Ke umfazi ethe waba ngumbhali kunye nomlawuli; enkosi ingqalelo kunye romanticism ukusebenza kwayo waba sublime ngakumbi, imibala eqaqambileyo.

kukufundisisa nzulu zengqondo zabalinganiswa abaphulaphuli kunye umoya bated "funda" kwi "yobudala noko amnye ebantwini abadala" (L. Rakhmanov), "AmaFilisti" (Gorky), "Kuthetha" (Jean-Baptiste Moliere). Kuphela ngokudala qembu ngokwenene lomculo Sushkevich waya eqongeni kwaye wadlala indima enkulu kumdlalo ehlabathini Matthias Clausen lwedrama G. Hauptmann "Ngaphambi Sunset." ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo abagxeki amadala kumabala emidlalo.

"Amajoni inkonzo Cultural"

Yiyo nale kuqulunqo St Petersburg Academic Theatre weBhunga City iLeningrad ngo-Oktobha 1940, wathunyelwa ukhenketho elide kwi-East Far. Iindaba imfazwe wafumana abadlali iyavuma. Tour yayiqhubeka kwiminyaka 5 ubude. De lowe-1945, le nkundla uye wasebenza eSiberia kunye Urals, eMpuma Ekude, Far North. beemboniselo iBorder, izixeko, imigodi yegolide kunye iinqanawa 1300 wabona ukwenza phantse 1,000 nakwiikonsathi. Abadlali rhoqo waya inxalenye ukusebenza ye wabacimi ngaphambili-line.

Kakade ke, kwixesha elinzima ezinjalo, amagcisa lula ukuthetha nje abaphulaphuli, bencedisana nabo. Kodwa ke, phezu kwayo yonke, yaba nkulu ye yeqonga Lensoviet kuhlaziywa. Kwakukho umculo yi K. Simonov, A. Korniychuk, uVladimir Soloviev, ngubani ndaboniswa ubomi ngaphambili kunye namava abo bahlala apha ngasemva.

link Akimova

Emva kokufa ngo-1946 abalawuli Sushkevich akazange ahlale kwindawo yokubonela for lonyaka ngaphezu kwesinye. Kangangexesha elithile St. Petersburg Academic Theatre weBhunga City iLeningrad okhokelwa Nadezhda Bromley, wabeka i "Nora" yi Ibsen. Esi yaba sisiganeko ebalulekileyo kubomi wokubonelwa komzi. Ngoko ke umlawuli waba ngumdlali weqonga Galina Korotkevitch. Emva koko kwafika uthotho abalawuli zilandelelana, de ekugqibeleni, kwindawo yokubonela khange abonakale uNikolay Pavlovich Akimov. It demoted yaye "agxothelwa 'apha ukusuka Comedy Theatre ukuba' icala", nto leyo eye ubunzima ngexesha lakhe J. kroll.

Akimov wazisa umoya kunye nenkampani ubomi. Ukongeza amagama abadlali abatsha 'aye kuzazisa kubulela koluntu ndikho yombono bezobugcisa umlawuli, kukho yimveliso ezintsha: i zomculo yokuqala yiSoviet "Spring e Moscow", waphila Russian uvuthondaba kakhulu Saltykov-Shchedrin kunye A .Ngo. Sukhovo-Kobylin. Nicholas I boqonda imisebenzi classical ayikwazi kulityalwa, kuba ngabo angakwazi kwaye kufuneka bafundiswe ezithandwa nokuqonda nobuhle kumabala emidlalo kumbukeli.

Kwaye phezu olwandulela engama-20 qembu lwe Theatre New, yena wawongwa iBhunga Leningrad.

esiqaphelekayo Vladimirova

Ngowe-1956 wabuyela Akimov wakhe lweenkobe Comedy Theatre, kwaye ngumlawuli oyintloko Leningrad City Council indawo ngaphandle kokuba 'uqhubeke kunye noxanduva. " Kodwa ngo-1960 isithuba umlawuli oyintloko yaba Igor Petrovich Vladimirov. Kwaye kwakukho ubomi umdla ngakumbi qembu. Vladimirov ngaloo wayeyinkokeli, nto leyo elide kangaka balinda kunye wayewulindele abadlali.

Njengabo bonke abalawuli, waqalisa omdlali. Emva kokusebenza e Tovstonogov, Igor Petrovich waqala ukuba incede ekuqulunqweni zomsebenzi kunye kakuhle lo msebenzi. Ukuqeshwa Vladimirov kunye translation ngo-1962 kwi-State Academic Theatre of iLeningrad City Council Alisa Freundlich (umfazi Vladimirova) iminyaka emininzi ziyichaze njani indlela ezinobuchule nkampani.

Nangona lo mphathi awayezithanda idrama mihla, comedy kunye nababukeli angaphandle ebekwe wajika ingcamango ezakudala. Kunye nokusindlekwa "I Threepenny Opera" theatre onelungelo uhlobo olwahluke, idibanisa lukhuni, ubuntatheli, romance kunye elibi. Oku koko walala emva kwimpumelelo okukhulu ngexesha engama-40.

modernity

Xa ngo-1999 Vladimirov wafa, yena indawo V. B. Pazi. Umntu lwenkcubeko liphezulu, nguye sengqondo ngenyameko kakhulu izithethe yeqonga. Kodwa ukoyika ukuthatha umngcipheko ize yandiswe yaba nkulu kakhulu engaqhelekanga, kodwa imidlalo umdla kakhulu Bergman, Nabokov Berberova. Pasi wamema abalawuli best adumileyo kunye italente entsha, ngaloo ndlela emisela ingqalelo kusoloko umtsalane ye kumbukeli.

Ukususela ngo-2011, emva kweminyaka emi-5 ngaphandle umngeni umlawuli oyintloko, umlawuli bezobugcisa "iBhunga leSixeko iLeningrad" yaba Yu. N. Butusov, ngubani kanye weza nayo Pasi. Uwafake midlalo bawutshintsha yeqonga, kodwa wahlala yanyaniseka kumoya bobuchule kunye namandla.