Ukwehla imali - nto ... Ngaba uphelelo imali?

Njengokuba kuye kwafika kubo bonke abafundi yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko, imali yorhwebo, nangona ezithile kakhulu. Le mbono weza neqela iingcaciso, ukusuka ahlekisayo nawenzululwazi kakhulu, kodwa ubuntu babo kuhlala enye. Imali, njengokuba Marx wayibeka, - irisithi ilungelo lokuba abasebenzi yomnye umntu. Kwaye okoko nje kokuba kubalwa okanye eziprintiweyo, kuya kubakho ukuxhatshazwa ezinjalo. Kwaye kuya kusoloko kukho abantu ngaphezulu kunabanye. Niyilwele ngamandla kuhlangene kumzabalazo imali. Uluntu kunyuke nge kweyunithi ngokwendawo lula yabo, ngexesha apho kwakukho neentlobano zorhwebo. In market namhlanje, a nobudlelwane enzima ukuntsonkotha ngamazwe zemali kunye namatyala, kumazwe ahlukeneyo kukho nokwehla kwemali. Le meko, ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo, ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo: kwamaxabiso, emali, olungagqibekanga, ngxi nkqu yokuwa epheleleyo kwezoqoqosho. Ziziphi indlela ezi nkqubo?

emali

Amandla okuthenga zonke iimali kuyancipha kunye nexesha. Kwaye nokuba zazixakekile ngoku Jamaica inkqubo lawulo ihlabathi ngokusekelwe kumazinga ezidadayo - uMthetho kuphela ixabiso ratio engamaphepha ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba indlela, umzekelo, idola yaseMerika iye ilahlekelwe ngamandla ayo ukuhlawula yokugqibela engamashumi amathathu okanye amane, kuye kucace ukuba sithetha ukuba umatshini yakhe. Lo mfanekiso efanayo le franc Swiss okanye yen Japanese. Nokwehla kancinane imali kuthiwa emali, inkqubo umva kuthiwa deflation, apho abezoqoqosho bakholelwa isenzeko esibi kakhulu. Indlela ye la ilula. Ngokukhula kwezoqoqosho semali ejikeleza ngaphandle ukhula, ngenani olunikiweyo ngenxa emakethe yabo, azuze ukufikelela kubathengi. Konke oku injini malunga nophuculo. Ukunyuka ku ezahlukene 2-3% ithathwa eqhelekileyo, kwaye yinto entle.

emali

Logama nje imali ehlabathini reserve exhaswa yi ngegolide, oko kukuthi, ngexesha ngamaRoma, kunye nenkqubo lwemali eBretton Woods, ebandakanya, kunye lwemali, kunye namaxabiso yahlala izinzile noko. Kakade ke, kukho ingxaki nokudandatheka, ngamanye amaxesha buhlungu kakhulu, kodwa dollar (nkqu cent) wahlala kwixabiso, nje yenza kwaba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa kumazwe ukuba balahlekelwe oovimba negolide yabo (njengoko, umzekelo, emva kokoyiswa eJamani kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I), kwabakho ukwehla ngokukhawuleza imali. Le meko ubonakala kula amakhulu amawaka abantu ekhulwini, kwaye isixa kutshanje icandelo equity, ngenyanga kamva, ubuya kuthenga ipakethi yecuba, nkqu ibhokisi yematshisi. Kwenzeka into efanayo ukuba baphile nakubemi nababefudula yiSoviet Union yaphela ngesiquphe. Loo ukwehla udaka imali kuthiwa emali. Oku kubangelwa epheleleyo okanye yokuwa enkulu-isikali karhulumente kwenkqubo yezemali, ochazwa kwathengiswa kwamalweyile ngendlela angakhuselekanga imali engamaphepha imali yi-Central Bank.

engagqibekanga

Eli gama entsha ezindlebeni zethu kwafika ethole evela blue ngo-1998. Urhulumente wathi lingakwazi ukukhawulelana nezi zibophelelo ityala, kokubini kwicandelo lwangaphandle, yaye ngaphakathi elizweni. Eli xesha kukhatshwe emali, kodwa ngaphandle ukuba abemi elalisakuba yiSoviet Union waziva kunye nezinye "ngamakhubalo" lokungahlawuli. iishelfu ukugcina nangoko qongqololo, abantu babefuna ukuba bachithe imali yabo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, njengokuba elide njengoko kunjalo into uthenga. Wonakele amashishini ezininzi, imisebenzi bawo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi enxulumene necandelo leebhanki. Lenyuka laya kutsho indawo ubungakanani kwenzala kwimali-mboleko. Ukwenza into ngaphandle zokuthengiswa, kuba lutho, ngoko ilahleko, yaye, ekugqibeleni, kube nje akunakwenzeka. Default - ke uphelelo imali, okubangelwe ilahleko epheleleyo entembeko lwemali kazwelonke kwiimarike basekhaya angaphandle. Isizathu ukuba umenzi impazamo nenkqubo kulawulo iimali lizwe. Ngamanye amazwi, kungagqibekanga kwenzeka xa urhulumente uchitha imali ngaphezu kokuba angayigcina uqoqosho kazwelonke. Nokwehla kwemali eRashiya, yaye emva koko kwezinye nakwiiriphabliki eyayisakuba yiSoviet waba ezinye izizathu enxulumene jikelele akukho ukulibaziseka (phakathi ukufikelela ezikhoyo kwinkqubo) Ubutyebi konakalisa ezweni enkulu. "Classic" emiselweyo kwenzeka eMexico (1994), Argentina (2001) kunye Uruguay (2003).

Kwamandla emali kunye ukwehla

Ukukhula kwamaxabiso zasekhaya kumazwe kunye kwimveliso ngokwaneleyo kwaye azibi inxulumene ngqo ekuweni lwemali kazwelonke. Ukuba ipesenti iimpahla osetyenzisiweyo has a isiqulatho eliphezulu yokungenisa, qiniseka kukho nokwehla kwemali. Oku kungenxa yokuba yokuthenga oluqhutywa zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ezisisiseko zemali ehlabathini, ingakumbi, dollar US, kwaye apho kwanciphisa izinga lotshintshiselwano lwemali kazwelonke. Kumazwe ezixhomekeke kangako kwi izinto zangaphandle, wabona kwamaxabiso amacandelo angaphandle kuphela zisetyenziswa kuluhlu iimpahla kwamanye amazwe kunye inxalenye yasekhaya, apho imveliso kwamazinga aphezulu ukwehla.

izinto ezintle emali ...

Emali nditsho ubukhulu oluqwalaselekayo phezu iinkqubo koqoqosho kuphela ebuhlungu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ifuthe impiliso. Ukwanda ngokukhawuleza amaxabiso ikhuthaza abanini imali awugcinwanga "phantsi umatrasi" liyancipha ngokukhawuleza koovimba babafake yasasazwa, ukukhawulezisa enabela. Njengoko imarike uya abasebenzisi apho uphelelo imali - kuba ngumba elibi ngenxa ukusebenza ophantsi imisebenzi yabo. Emkile kuphela elinamandla, zihlala ixesha elide kakhulu yaye ukumelana. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ludlala indima ucoceko, yokukhulula uqoqosho lwesizwe ukusuka sizinze okungeyomfuneko uhlobo kwamashishini amandla kunye namaziko ezemali, abakwazi ukumelana nokhuphiswano.

..., usilele

Kusenokuba kubonakale ingcamango ngamazwi ukuba nkqu kokuwa iyonke kwinkqubo yesizwe-mali kuluncedo, kodwa kusengqiqweni.

Okokuqala, lo uphelelo imali yephepha akuthethi ukuba iindleko yokulahlekelwa ezinye izinto zakhe. Iinkampani ukuba bakwazi ukugcina amandla imveliso iimeko bothukile kakhulu, kuba izinto ingqalelo zabatyali-mali bangaphandle kunye zasekhaya.

Okwesibini, urhulumente umemezele amatyala ayo ngexesha akhululwa swihlawulekisi okukruqulayo kwaye kugxininisa ngakumbi kumacandelo nathembisayo kuqoqosho. Default - ithuba elikhulu lokuba ukuqala 'enephepha emhlophe. " Ngelo ababolekisi xesha awunamdla imilinganiselo yokufa, phezu koko, bakholisa ukuba ukulungele ukunceda ukuba ungonetyala ngoko ukufumana imali yakho, ubuncinane ngokuyinxenye.

ukuqikelela

Kuya ukuthuthuzeleka zezoqoqosho abemi abaqhelekileyo, esibonisa ngaphandle iinkalo ezintle ntlekele, kodwa umntu oqhelekileyo esitalatweni abayi nokukhuthaza amathuba ngenxa yokulahlekelwa lokonga, kunciphise yokuhlawula amatyala kunye nomgangatho ngokubanzi wobomi. Yena ke uxhalela umbuzo wokuba ingaba uphelelo imali, iimeko oko kwenzeka phantsi kwayo, yaye yintoni ntoni ukuze uphume kule meko asinde. Kaloku, ihlabathi, kwakunye zoqoqosho zesizwe, nangona ukuntsonkotha ngathi, osebenza umgaqo ngokwanelisayo elula. Ukuzinza amandla okuthenga kunye nemfuno nempembelelo izinto, nto leyo, ukuba oyifunayo, umntu sinokufunda kwimithombo ezivulekileyo. Ubungakanani GDP, woovimba bangaphandle, ixabiso ityala lwangaphandle basemakhaya, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba Dynamics utshintsho zabo - ezi mpawu zoqoqosho lukhulu. Apha yonke into njengokuba intsapho eziqhelekileyo: ukuba imali echithwa ngaphezu it ZUZA, kuba kungekudala uza kuphulukana ukuzithemba amatyala, kwaye ungqubano kwenzeka. Ukuba izinto zitshintshile - ungalala ngoxolo.