Tabasaranskiy ngezandla ekhaphethini: photo

Njengoko usazi, e-Indiya ukwenza iti, iimoto - eJamani, kwaye imfumba iikhaphethi yoboya yeyokukhulisa, ubuhle imangalisayo lwendibaniso umbala kunye iiphatheni - in Tabasaran. E Dagestan, nakwikhaphethi uthathwa ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu, ukongeza, omnye iintlobo ezininzi mandulo zobugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Kweli nqaku, sifunda ukuba amele Tabasaran iikhaphethi tshama, iifoto zazo ziboniswa apha ngezantsi.

Indaba

Malunga iikhaphethi Dagestani ikhankanya lokuqala zifumaneka kwimibhalo yekaHerodotus, "Ooyise zembali." Isiseko ekhaphethini Dagestan Classic kwi izithethe weengcibi East. Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi baseYurophu wathumela zobuntlola zabasebenzi China namaPersi, ukuba kuziswe isilika, kunye iikhaphethi apho. Wonke umlawuli self-nokuhlonipha okanye intshisakalo waba ukusasazeka kwiimethi asempuma emangalisayo ezintle. Hi ndlela leyi, ekhaphethini kakhulu, yihla ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, kwaye kwafunyaniswa ngo-1949 ngethuba zembiwa ngoku ifakiwe ekuqokelelweni segolide edume Hermitage.

nomgomo

Akuqhelekanga ukucinga ukuba iikhaphethi yokuqala yakhelwe nje item zodidi. Nkqu ekhaphethini kuyabiza kakhulu Tabasaran ekuqaleni obusebenzayo elimxinwa.

EMpuma yamandulo, ingakumbi mbuya, waphila. Yaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo a Nomad? Lokuqala - i nakho ukuguqulwa omhle, le yesibini - uphuculo ekhawulezayo kumakhaya abo, eyesithathu - wokhuseleko enokuthenjwa kwiimeko ezimbi zezulu, ngamanye amazwi, ukuba womile kwaye kufudumele. Ngokupheleleyo iikhaphethi kanye nayo yonke ezi mfuno, kuyimfuneko ukuba ubomi eziqhelekileyo mbuya. Kakade ke, ezo iikhaphethi zahluke kakhulu kwezo esizibona namhlanje. Kodwa ngale ndlela iziseko babekwa nakwikhaphethi.

Kuphela ke abantu baqaphela ukuba kwikhaphethi kunokuba ibe ngaphezu nokhuselo nje umoya, kukwayinto entle yindlela enkulu ukuba eme phakathi kwezalamane. Ngaloo ndlela, saqalisa ukuba sifake iikhaphethi olugqibeleleyo kunye ezintle. Oku kwakhokelela phezu yokuba ubuhle, umgangatho nobungakanani iikhaphethi ezo ukuqinisekisa inqanaba wempumelelo womntu. Ukongeza, umphathi ngalinye East wazama bayingqonga wena kunye neemveliso ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye kuyabiza, ngaloo ndlela sigxininisa ukongama kwawo.

mfanelo

Hi ndlela leyi, uyazi, ufana e Dagestan kumaxesha amandulo ikhangelwe yonke ikhaphethi Tabasaran kubulunga? ulawulo lomgangatho phambi yaqhutywa ngezigaba-3. Okokuqala, umhlambi samahashe baluwela kwikhaphethi ephothiweyo. Okwesibini, emva kweminyaka emininzi imveliso Wavalelwa iintsuku eziliqela phantsi kwelanga otshisayo. Okwesithathu, iikhaphethi nkxu emanzini abandayo, ebe inabo kangangexesha elithile. Ukuba, emva kokuba loo 'izilingo' mata zabo ebalulekileyo iipropati zingaqhagamshelwanga yalahleka, kwakukholelwa ukuba inkosi wenza umsebenzi olungileyo. Nazi lwezobuchwepheshe!

iikhaphethi Tabasaran VS Persian

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba afanise konke ikhaphethi Tabasaran kunye Iranian (Persian)? Ungenza kwaye kufuneka enze oko. Nangona kufuneka kungasuki udumo, italente kunye nomgangatho weengcibi Iranian, izibakala ahlale izibakala. Kwi-Persian Carpet umlinganiselo "sokuphila" iminyaka ukuya kwi-150, ngoxa iikhaphethi e Dagestan "uya kuphila 'ukuya kwiminyaka 400. Ngaphandle kokuba, kakade, bona "ukuxhaphaza" ukulungiselela injongo yawo. Kulo mzekelo, zonke ezi manani angentla kunganxulunyaniswa kuphela iikhaphethi ezenziwe ngesandla.

uhlobo

Engasezantsi Dagestan negalelo kuphuhliso ngokukhawuleza imiba kwikhaphethi 3: umgama we Iran (iPersi); ukuba le ndawo yaba Silk Road; nokusasazwa asebenzayo Islam. Kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela, neCaucasus, iziko yorhwebo kwakujongwa kwidolophu Derbent, apho waba enkampini eMpuma naseNtshona. Le dolophu yaba yinxalenye indlela Silk Road. Kakade ke, wawunika amandla okuqhubela kuphuhliso ebonakalayo yezandla eyahlukeneyo, ingakumbi iikhaphethi. Ukongeza, abarhwebi abaninzi waqonda ukuba oko Derbend ukufumana imisonto noboya imibala kunye nemibala (amagcisa asekuhlaleni imibala yendalo efumaneka imifuno kunye namatyholo) ezahlukeneyo.

Unga kwakhona achaze ifuthe ukusasazeka Islam kwi North eCaucasus. iingcibi Persian kunye nabarhwebi bakulungele ngakumbi ukuba babelane iimfihlelo zabo, kunye neemveliso ngokufuthi bathenga labantu yamaSilamsi. Ukongeza, phambi kokuba ukwamkelwa namaz (mabathandaze) mzuzu ezikhoyo emethini, owaziwa ngelika "namazlyk".

Ithi yonke kuphuhliso asebenzayo urhwebo phakathi nabahlali North neAsia. Nangona bekuya kuba engaqhelekanga ukuba bathi kuphela Tabasarans izithethe ezahlukeneyo nakwikhaphethi. Qaphela ukuba lo ubugcisa babo wesizwe. Ngelo xesha zonke izizwe Daghestan Sizibandakanye nakwikhaphethi. Ngoko ke, Lezgins kwi iinkuku nasemizaneni, Akhty, Kasumkent ephothiweyo iikhaphethi ngempumelelo enkulu. kwilali yaseAvar of Tsada Hunzaha, Gergebil ukuvelisa kwizinga eliphezulu iikhaphethi iintshengece-free. Kule ukuhlala Dargins Levashev livelise iikhaphethi yoboya. Ukuhlala kwiilali Kayakent, Durgeli, bugle Kumyks ukuvelisa iikhaphethi yoboya kufuze kunye amakhuko felted. Ngoko ukudwelisa phantse kuzo zonke iintlanga, ngubani imali imigudu enkulu kuphuhliso kule nzuzo.

ezimpahleni tufted

Uyakwazi uthethe ixesha elide malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo iikhaphethi mfumba, kodwa oku kwenza nantsingiselo. Makhe sithethe ngayo iimpawu zazo. Ngoko Tabasaran imfumba ikhaphethi kwi kwinguqulelo emveli ingafunyanwa kwi Imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo zejiyometri emele izilwanyana, izityalo kunye nabantu. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba umelitsy usebenzisa ezi imifanekiso zejiyometri wabonisa ihlabathi elibangqongileyo. Iinzululwazi zizibiza le meko "ikhaphethi ulwimi ubugcisa". Hi ndlela leyi, ku iimveliso ezifana kudla kakhulu kuboniswe yonke imibhiyozo nemifanekiso edabini. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ulwimi sele yalahleka, yaye mifanekiso zigugile nje zokuhombisa.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba zonke ezi iikhaphethi kufuneka isakhiwo compositional aqhelekileyo: umda kunye entsimini central.

Isivatho

Kwakhona iipateni umdla Tabasaranskiy iikhaphethi, apho kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Imvelaphi - ipateni ngaphandle amanani ethile enkulu, kunye imifanekiso yezinto ezincinane ukugcwalisa imvelaphi ngokubanzi.
2. Le lali - Isivatho kubo sihla yeyokuphawula kuphela amanani eziphambili ekhaphethini, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "medallion".
3. Kaimova - ipateni yenzelwe ngendlela efana ukutsala ingqalelo kumntu 'umda' imveliso. Olu hlobo okwakhiwe ikwabizwa ngokuba "Kaimova".

Ukuqwalasela Tabasaran ekhaphethini, singasathethi umbala, ngoko ababebuthelene seengcibi. Imvelaphi inqwaba phantse zonke iimveliso cherry ingqalelo ebomvu okanye oluhlaza, leyo akumelanga theory jonga ixesha kakhulu. Kodwa ngokuvumelana umbala luya kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa amaqhosha eliphakathi kwaye amancinane nemibala eyahlukeneyo.

ezimpahleni igoqo

Eli qela libandakanya Lezgin emangalisayo enhle kunye sumac Azerbaijani. main osemqoka lwabo - ukusetyenziswa ikhaya enkulu. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa ezigquma umgangatho (iikhaphethi tufted, umzekelo, zisetyenziswa kuphela ezindongeni). Yokuba iikhaphethi kakhulu elula. Ukongeza, ukuba athambe kakhulu kuba ngexesha imveliso yawo usebenzisa ukwaluka indlela ekhethekileyo ukuhamba phantsi imisonto kwekhaphethi uboya ukuya kwi-15 cm (kuba soft yaye benza).

Iintshengece-free Tabasaran ikhaphethi (jonga ifoto kwinqaku) - kukwayinto entle "davaginy". iimpawu zabo lubalulekileyo kukuba ezi-2-kabini, kwaye imvelaphi blue okanye obhulowu bumnyama apho ipateni ( "rukzal"). Ezi mata amaninzi afumaneka Avars. Ipatheni ephambili ubunjwe "medallion" ezahlukeneyo waso, aba "medallion" yesebe.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuxelela malunga iikhaphethi iintshengece-free Dagestani ezifana iikhaphethi. Aba bomqhaphu, uboya kunye hemp. Palacio Iipateni ezinjalo ezintle kunye nezintsonkothileyo, ngathi imizobo Tabasaranskiy iikhaphethi abanayo, kodwa ngendlela emangalisayo, yaye ngokufuthi asetyenziswe ngayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Zonke iikhaphethi isizwe ikhwelo ngendlela yayo: i Azerbaijani yi "Palaz", "Barchan" e Tabasarans, "ruh" kwi Lezghins "Turuta" evela Avars nabanye.

ezimpahleni babezizwa

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi iikhaphethi zixhaphakile kakhulu Dagestan abantu emantla - Nogai, Avars, Kumyk, Dargin. Avamise kakhulu waziva iikhaphethi - arbabashy. Yakhiwa babezizwa imibala eyahlukileyo. Bona kuthelekiswa enye kwenye, nto leyo idala a ipateni.