Pirandello Luidzhi, umbhali Italian: biography, ubuchule

Pirandello Luidzhi - le dramatist odumileyo Italian, umbhali kunye nombhali ibali elifutshane. Ngowe-1934 wafumana ibhaso le-Nobel Leencwadi. Noko ke, le yenye kuphela isizathu ukuphonononga ubuchule bakhe. Pirandello Luidzhi wadala imisebenzi emininzi umdla, nasasebenzayo nangoku ithandwa kakhulu.

Imvelaphi, yobuntwana kunye nemfundo kwiYunivesithi

Umbhali elizayo wazalelwa Dzhirdzhenii (eSisili) kusapho olukhulu. Luigi waba wesibini nabantwana abathandathu. Uyise ochumayo - inazo emgodini ngenxa nezokukhupha nesalfure. Luigi italente nokubhala wabonakala iminyaka isikolo phambi kwexesha kakhulu. Xa ndikwishumi elivisayo, wabhala umbongo waqamba yintlekele, "owalukileyo nongalukanga", siyawenza engafakwanga.

Pirandello ngexesha uzama ukuqhuba ishishini losapho, kodwa umsebenzi wayengekho yimpumelelo gqitha. Luigi ngo-1887 wangena University of Rome. Kodwa kamva ngonyaka ke idluliselwe kwi-University of eBonn, njengoko umgangatho wokufundisa akazange aneliseke. Apha Luigi wafunda intanda kunye noncwadi. Ngowe-1891, umbhali waphumelela uqeqesho. ithisisi yakhe abazinikele ngentetho Sicilia.

Buyela eRoma

Ingqokelela yokuqala Pirandello ngayo kwimibongo lifumaneka 1889 ( "iintlungu Abanovuyo"). Kule ncwadi, ingakumbi isiphumo Dzhozue Karduchchi. Emva kokugqiba izifundo zakhe, Pirandello wagqiba ukuhlala eBonn. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, uye emandiyenze kwesi sikolo.

Umbhali babuyela eRoma ngowe-1893. Xa laphuthuma nzulu inkxaso iincwadi zemali kayise. Eyokuqala Roman Pirandello, "egatyiweyo", wabonakala ngo-1901. Le 1894th kwakhululwa yokuqokelela lokuqala amabali amafutshane osihloko sithi "Uthando", sidalwe isithethe verismo. Lo nyaka wabona umtshato Pirandello. Eyakhethwayo intombi weqabane kayise, Antuanetta Portulato. Ukususela umtshato nomfazi kwi Luigi yena ebenoonyana ababini kunye nentombi.

Teaching, umdlalo wokuqala

Pirandello ngo-1898 waqalisa ukusebenza kwi Ootitshala College e Rome, apho wamiselwa unjingalwazi iincwadi Italian. Kweli ziko Luigi wafundisa 1922. Ngowe-1898 wapapasha umdlalo wakhe wokuqala, weqonga olunye-isenzo amancinane "UYobi". Lo msebenzi sele kwindawo yokubonela kwiminyaka eli-12 kuphela kamva, ngowe-1910, phantsi igama elahlukileyo ( "Inxeba").

iziganeko ezibini ezibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe

Ngenxa imilambo eyenzeka ngowe-1903, yatshatyalaliswa uyise Luigi zam. Ukufundisa kunye neencwadi ngoku intsimbi Pirandello kuphela yemali ndlela. umfazi zombhali ngowe-1904, baphazamiseka kakhulu luvo. Iminyaka elandelayo 15 zakhe batyakatywa mania intshutshiso. Umama ebevuya ne Pirandello nomsindo nomona. Ngowe-1919, umbhali awayebubeke umfazi wakhe kwikliniki abagula ngengqondo.

Imisebenzi 1900

Luigi waqhubeka ukubhala nokupapasha umsebenzi wabo, nangona iingxaki zemali kunye nosapho. inoveli Pirandello lesithathu, "Ongasekhoyo uMattia UPascal", iye ngokubanzi adunyiswe. Kulo msebenzi, wadala ngo-1904, thaca umxholo kobuso kunye imaski. iimbono zobuhle, kwakunye nemiqathango kwi Pirandello art amagqabantshintshi ngemisebenzi ezimbini wadala ngo-1908: kwi "Science and Art" (collection of amanqaku) kunye inqaku "nakubhalwa", nto leyo uchaza imbono nzima tragicomic zehlabathi lombhali.

Dlala 1915-21 biennium.

De 1915 Pirandello wabhala becala iinoveli namabali amafutshane, yaye emva 1915 wayitshabalalisa idrama kwakhe ubomi yonke. Ngu kulo nyaka zibandakanya lokuqala-isenzo ezintathu ukudlala Pirandello "Ukuba akukho ...". Dramaturgy kuye kwenza ukuba umbhali ubomi kakuhle, kwaye kushiya ixesha lokufundisa. Kweli thuba ukususela 1915 ukuya 1921 Luigi udale iziqwenga-16, nganye kuzo liye labhalwa kwi eqongeni. Umdlalo othi "Oku kunjalo (ukuba ucinga)" waba nempumelelo ethile nabaphulaphuli nabagxeki. Kuye kwango-1917.

Noko ke, umbhali owaziwa kwihlabathi wazisa esinye msebenzi, eyabhalwa ngowe-1921. Sithetha ngalo mdlalo Pirandello kaThixo "Characters ezithandathu Ukufuna of an uMbhali." Ukususela ngowe-1922 waba phezu amanqanaba New York kunye London (eliguqulelwa ukusuka Italian) ngempumelelo enkulu. Nakuba kunjalo, i-Roman iphambili yaphelela kwihlazo, njengoko ababukeli bekhubeka abalinganiswa uluvo lokuba okulungileyo nenyaniso ungumzalwana. Ngokutsho abagxeki ezininzi, umdlalo "Henry IV" yi kukuba bobuchule Pirandello. nenkulumbuso Its siyasebenza ku 1922. Umdlalo-zikhankanywe apha ngasentla kwaye ungonwaba ithandwa enkulu. Bamisa zemidlalo ezininzi ehlabathini lonke. Iguqulwe ukusuka Italian kwezi edlalwa wenziwa ngeelwimi ezininzi.

Iimpawu wena Pirandello

Luigi ngemisebenzi yakhe aqolileyo, igxininisa umxholo impermanence kunye nohlobo nolulahlekisayo amava yabantu. abalinganiswa zakhe akanalo naluphi na uhlobo yaba ixabiso rhoqo, abalinganiswa kunye neempawu zazo imfiliba. Personality kwihlabathi Pirandello kwisalamane. Umbhali wayekholelwa ukuba inyaniso - nantso into eyenzekayo ngoku, ngawo lo mzuzu. Luigi wazikrazula imaski evela abalinganiswa bakhe, ewakhulule ezikhohlisayo, ngocoselelo kakhulu wafunda ubuntu babo, neenkonzo zobuntlola. umsebenzi Pirandello kaThixo uphawulwe inkulu impembelelo wadala Alfredom Bine imfundiso le ienjini. Luigi waqhelana imibhalo zobulumko idealist German ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa e Bonn. Ukongeza, umbhali Sizibonele ngokwethu xa psyche oluntu ezingazinzanga. Emva koko, iminyaka eli-15, Pirandello ukuba sithandane umfazi wakhe ugula ngengqondo.

Pirandello - umlawuli, indalo le yeqonga

Ekugqibeleni Luigi kwazeka kungekuphela nje umbhali kodwa njengomlawuli. Ayewenza nokudlalisa edlalwa yakhe. Umbhali ngo-1923 waye wajoyina i-Party lwamaNazi. UMussolini inkxaso iingcinga zakhe yokuseka i-Arts National Theatre eRoma. qembu Bakhe 1925-26. Nguye zaboniswa States of Europe, kwaye Umzantsi Melika (1927). Matshi Abha, ehamba umdlali we ethiyetha ixesha elide yaba umthombo yashukumisa Luigi. Kodwa emva komzuzwana, nangona inkxaso-mali karhulumente, le nkundla yaqala ukuba ubunzima obukhulu zemali. qembu yakhe ohlulwa ngo-1928.

Fascism phuza

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba Pirandello Luidzhi waziphatha kunye amaNazi njenge yeflyweight, i Compromisers. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka kuthiwa ukukhusela Luigi ukuba amaxesha amaninzi nguye ocacise esidlangalaleni namdla yayo yezopolitiko. Izihlandlo eziliqela Pirandello zasebenza kunye ukugxekwa zeqela elilawulayo. Ngenxa yoko, emva kokuvalwa kwalo yeqonga waba ubunzima kunye nemveliso edlalwa zakhe eItali.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Pirandello Luidzhi waphila ixesha elithile eBerlin kunye eMilan. Wayehamba kakhulu. Umbhali wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe ngowe-1933, njengoko ngokobuqu wabuza uMussolini. Pirandello ngo-1934 wawongwa ngeMbasa kaNobel Literature. Luigi wafa ngoDisemba 10, 1936 eRoma. Komngcwabo, ngokokuthanda yokugqibela umbhali, kwakungekho inkonzo yoluntu. EsasiseSisili, wazalelwa khona Liudzhi Pirandello, uthuthu bakhe ungcwatyelwe.

Athandwa Pirandello

Namhlanje, ehlabathini lonke zithandwa edlala kuphela Luigi, kodwa iinoveli bakhe, novellas kunye namabali amafutshane. Enye iinoveli abaziwayo, ezadalwa Luigi Pirandello - "Turtle".

Kwaye kwilizwe lethu bobuchule ezithandwa lo mbhali. Xa usasazo zakutshanje "Yintoni? Phi? Nini?" nkqu umbuzo enxulumene Luigi Pirandello. "Ngubani zonakale uluntu, ngokutsho umlinganiswa umsebenzi wakhe?" - ngoko ke umbuzo ngokunjalo. Impendulo echanekileyo - uCopernicus. Eneneni, Bulelani kuye, ubuntu uye wafunda nobuze yakhe iphela. Copernicus wafundisa ukuba akukho ilanga lijikeleza umhlaba, kunye vice versa.

Impela wayeqhelene izenzo wadala Luidzhi Pirandello. Amabali, iinoveli, iinoveli nemidlalo ukuba ziphawulwe ixabiso eliphezulu yokuluka.