Territory kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe: ingqiqo kunye neentlobo

Umthetho International unika lengcinga 'indawo' yexabiso yonke phezu komhlaba. Inkxaso-mhlaba kunye inxalenye zolwelo, ndineemfesane zomhlaba, elibala sidibene nendawo esemajukujukwini sisibiza, kunye nabo ke imizimba yasezulwini, wabona (okanye evulekileyo kwixesha elizayo) kwinkqubo elanga.

Concept kunye neentlobo ez kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe

"Territory", njengoko ingqiqo amalungelo, enxibelelene "yelizwe", kakhulu, njengengqiqo ngokusemthethweni. Kuba ngaphandle ummandla karhulumente ayikho. Eneneni, ingavalelwa kukho imida ethile indawo, nabantu abahlala kulo, yinto database karhulumente.

Ngokusekelwe kolawulo amalungelo eyabelwe, kuyimfuneko ekwahluleni iindidi zeenkalo. Ngo komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, kukho izinto ezintathu:

- kummandla owabelwe kwimeko ethile;

- umxube ucwangco zomthetho;

- ummandla esingasokuze sibuye sibaluleke ngamazwe.

indawo karhulumente

Yinto yinxalenye ngaphantsi komhlaba, umhlaba ophantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente eyahlukileyo. impahla yawo ndawo ibekwe ngaphakathi kwimida ezaziwayo yi uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe. Lo mmandla karhulumente umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kuthetha kuphela loo mhlaba wodwa, ndinyikimise nalo ezingqonge imithombo yamanzi, isithuba umoya phezu kwendawo (ukuya kwi-110 km) kunye umhlaba ongaphantsi (Uxwebhu akukho izithintelo, ngokwenene - kubunzulu ekhoyo).

Ummandla karhulumente, umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe iya kulawulwa, unako kumsindo imilambo, imijelo, ulwandle (urhulumente kwiziqithi), okanye ummandla kwilizwe elingummelwane (enclaves). Zonke iindawo intsimi wesizwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba indawo ethile geographical, Xa umntu engundoqo yaye ayahlukahlukenanga phantsi kwegunya layo nobukhosi.

Xa amanzi karhulumente afanelekileyo, ngokungqinelana yeZizwe eziManyeneyo Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982), amanzi kweelwandle, phezu intsimi, kwakunye imilambo emhlabeni, amachibi, imijelo, zokupaka, emdeni leyo imida ezisemthethweni karhulumente omnye (ububanzi ibheyi ukusuka elunxwemeni ukuya kunxweme akanakuba ngaphezu kwama-24 iimayile ezisetyenziswa elwandle), bay kunye kwizibuko, yaye amanzi zokupaka yimbali.

indawo Air-karhulumente kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe - phezu wonke ummandla isithuba lomoya eli lizwe; phezu inxalenye yentsimi, ulwandle kunye namanzi yangaphakathi indawo ye ibhanti. indawo Air, kwakunye nazo zonke ezinye izingxobo ulongamo, imigaqo kunye nenkqubo yomthetho karhulumente, umzekelo, iya kusebenza imithetho moya ka Imikhumbi moya.

ukulingana yobukhosi

Le mimiselo ngamazwe iqulathe ilungiselelo malunga nokulingana inkosi States. Inika isiqinisekiso nawaphi na amazwe ngaphakathi kwimida zabo ukuphumeza ubukhulu indawo. Oku kubonisa ukuba amandla imo ethile kummandla owabelwe kuye amagunya kusoloko eziphezulu amaqumrhu asemthethweni okanye abantu abahlala kulo mmandla yale karhulumente. Kukho kwakhona ngaphandle yombane yaso nasiphi na isizwe, kunye lowiso, inkundla, isigqeba, yolawulo, njl unelungelo isicelo kuphela ukuba abahlali lizwe, kodwa ukuba abantu kumazwe angaphandle, kwakunye zomthetho (ngaphandle kokuba kulungiselelwe nguwo ezinye imithetho yezizwe ngezizwe).

Lo mmandla karhulumente kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kwiphondo ngokomlinganiselo wesizwe kunye yokuhlala abantu kweli lizwe, emimandleni apho amandla ephakamileyo karhulumente.

Kvaziterritoriya

Xa wayebhekisela kwimeko candelo indawo ngokwemiqathango isicelo kvaziterritorii. Lo mhlaba Holdings ukuba ukusingatha lamaphulo noonozakuzaku ofisi ezimela amazwe angaphandle. Kananjalo ukuba kvaziterritoriyam ziquka ngeenqanawa, izikhephe, moya kunye baxhomekeka. Abayi ukulingana ingqikelelo 'indawo' ngumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, njengoko oko kubonakala iimpawu eziphambili kolu luvo. Kwaba kuphela kukuba ezi imimandla kwandiswa wolawulo esekwe ngurhulumente, wachaza ukuphawulwa ezi kvaziterritory kunye norhulumente.

Umxube ucwangco zomthetho

Nguwo lowo phezu kolwandle. Oku kuquka kwamanzi ulwandle izwekazi kunye kwiindawo ezikufutshane, kwakunye izowuni ibekwe phesheya kolwandle indawo. A isici esasenza kwezi nkalo - hhayi ukuba naliphi na ilizwe. Kodwa namazwe kufutshane, banelungelo ukuphicotha nasemva nokusayinwa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, uphuhliso ezi zindawo ngenjongo yokuba ulondolozo nophuculo izimbiwa kunye nezibonelelo zendalo, ngokunjalo zasendle.

imilambo International kunye sezingxakini, imijelo kunye iziqithi (banayo amandla ubudlelwane ngesivumelwano ngamazwe) Kwakhona wabhekisela emasimini kwimo mixed.

Intsimi zomyalelo ngokubaluleka ngamazwe

Le yinxalenye ilizwe, elibala kunye amanzi engeyonxalenye naliphi na ilizwe. Onke amazwe banelungelo elilinganayo ntsimi. Territory (ngumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe) ngokomyalelo ngokubaluleka ngamazwe - kuba isithuba kunye iiplanethi, Hewana, ezinomsila, njl, Antarctica, ezinzulwini zomhlaba zijonge umda ngaphantsi kolwandle kommandla lizwekazi, komile kumphezulu ngaphezu kwayo kwaye elibala ngaphakathi kwimida yamanzi. . Kananjalo oko eyenziweyo iingenziwa ziqithi, ufakelo kunye nezakhiwo, nto leyo ephuhlisa kwithala yelo kwilizwekazi kunye nakummandla weza phantsi korhulumente kwezomthetho, imele ezobuRhulumente, ngokuhambelana nomthetho International Maritime. Kule ndawo ayenzi lokusebenzisa amandla esizwe ezisemthethweni yomnye umntu. Yokuba umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe esebenzayo kuphela.

A Inani kwemimandla, ingxelo lwezixhobo zomthetho ngamazwe, ziye ukuphuhlisa ingqiqo yelifa kwabantu. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi wenyanga kunye namanye amaqumrhu ezimbalwa yasezulwini (1979). Country, sikhokelwa izithethe kunye nemigaqo yomthetho ngamazwe, ukuba esidlangalaleni uphonononge isithuba bangaphandle izinto ezingcwele. Ngowe-1982, i-UN ibhengeze ummandla yokuthobela umyalelo ngamazwe, ezantsi ngamazwe zolwandle kunye nezibonelelo zayo zebhayoloji, ngaphandle amalungelo ngalinye lwamazwe signatory.

Umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ummandla Russian Federation

Inkululeko Russian Federation, ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 4 ka-siseko, sisebenza lonke nommandla wayo. A imithetho federal, kunye noMgaqo-siseko ukuba kwilixa yonke imida weRashiya.

I-Russian Federation libona kuyimfuneko ukuba anyamekele ingqibelelo hluleki izinto zabo.

Icandelo elinye Inqaku 67 loMgaqo-siseko Russian ayabele kwintsimi Russian ummandla wengingqi Federation kuzo zonke izifundo zayo, wolwandle, amanzi emhlabeni kunye elibala phezu lonke elo lizwe.

Kuba icandelo yesabelo le-Russian Federation ngakumbi, zibonakaliswa ilizwe elele ukuya emantla kunxweme Russian ye-Arctic Ocean, okanye mhlawumbi evulekileyo kwixesha elizayo. Zibonakaliswa ngumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, xa bathe bawa ngaphakathi esiqu adibanayo iNorth Pole kunye kwinqanaba bommandla wonxweme eRashiya.