The Republic of Imbali Benin kunye nabantu

Kingdom kunye negama kwamnandi ka waseDahomey Kwazeka oko kubo baseYurophu kuphela kumaXesha Aphakathi emva kwexesha. Namhlanje ummandla wayo kwiRiphabliki Benin. Uphi na yaye ziziphi iziganeko zembali ezenzeka apho kwiinkulungwane-6 ezidlulileyo, xelela inqaku lethu.

ixesha pre-koloniyalizim

Lichaza yokuqala yobomi ezifumaneka emazweni Benin mihla kuba amaxesha Paleolithic kunye Neolithic. Ngenkulungwane XVI, xa kunxweme Gulf of Guinea bafika abalobi kunye nabarhwebi ikhoboka Portuguese, kukho khona isimo waseDahomey. Abantu balapha akazange abonise ubutshaba baseYurophu, yaye ngenkulungwane XVII kwi-Atlantic esikunxweme ubukumkani zazisekelwe Portuguese, isiFrentshi, Dutch urhwebo zokuhlala. Kwandula ke kwafika abavangeli zamaKatolika, wawavulayo kwizikolo yokuqala zaseprayimari.

Noko ke, umdla kuphuhliso ubudlelwane kunye waseDahomey wazuza sikali indalo kuphela kwinkulungwane XVIII, nto leyo ngenxa yayo yeenguqu kwenye i-West African States zinamandla ngelo xesha.

kukurhweba ngamakhoboka

Ookumkani waseDahomey wasebenza ngovuyo kunye baseYurophu. Le yokugqibela banomdla amakhoboka ezimnyama ukusebenza zokutyala amakoloni zabo yaseMelika. Ukongeza, ukuba sothuka xa sisiva ukuba umkhosi yasebukhosini yayigcinwa Amazons ababesilwa kunye namadoda, yaye emzimbeni kakhulu kwaye noqeqesho yokulwa. Kuyinto la mantombazana cwaka angena iindawo kumazwe angabamelwane kunye Allada Uidu kwaye bazama ukufaka amabanjwa amaninzi, ezibe sisiseko 'ukuthunyelwa' of waseDahomey.

Kwanele ukuba zithi 1750 lo ke ukumkani Tegbesu ifumene khoboka sum omkhulu ngaloo mihla 250 lamawaka eekhilogram ubunzima. Inxalenye imali ayichitha nokufunyanwa kwezixhobo ukuze ugcine zam abamelwane kunye nabantu bamazwe ezinabantu.

Ekhulwini XIX

Ngowe-1848, waseDahomey wala ukuba athengise amakhoboka ukuba abeLungu. Ngowe-1851, France ezenziweyo ngokubhekiselele kuloo State senzo elwayo, besayine isivumelwano nokumkani Porto Novo. Last yaba ingumbuso le uKumkani waseDahomey Glélé emnika imirhumo.

Ngowe-1862, Porto-Novo wabhengezwa Protectorate isiFrentshi, yaye kamva ahlala. Ukongeza, ngo-1885, wabeka umsebenzi lurhwebo ngamakhoboka, nto leyo ethintela ukuthuthwa kwamakhoboka eWest Indies.

I-2 eminyaka yokugqibela yenkulungwane XIX unxweme waseDahomey yaba yokubanga kumazwe aseYurophu ukuba bafuna ukuba phantsi Protectorate yayo.

Ngowe-1889, i-French ehlasele Cotonou, waseDahomey, kwaye banyanzelisa ukumkani ukuba basayine imvumelwano. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, Porto-Novo kunye Cotonou waqonda nemfuyo France. Ngenxa yoko, urhulumente kwakufuneka ahlawule 20,000 franc waseDahomey. ikoloni French igama Benin.

Ngowe-1892, uKumkani waseDahomey iye izivumelwano eziliqela. Ngenxa yoko, eli lizwe yaba Protectorate French. Ngowe-1894, uKumkani waseDahomey wathunyelwa Martinique, kwaye ilizwe uphelelwe nkqu okwimo ulongamo.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX bommandla wonxweme ka Benin, waseDahomey kunye nakwimimandla ezikufutshane, yathinjwa i-French, kwasekwa ithanga kunye kwikomkhulu Porto Novo.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX

Ngowe-1904, kwiminyaka engama-55 ngaphambi kokuba yasekwa liSebe Republic of Benin, elo thanga waseDahomey yaba yinxalenye French West Afrika, waza waqalisa nokwakhiwa mihla ngexesha le Cotonou port. A ubude kaloliwe ka-45 km yakhiwa phakathi kweminyaka emi-2, nto leyo wacofa izibuko entsha Uidu.

Umda Modern ukuba ngoku Republic of Benin, elo thanga abazifumene ngo-1909.

Xa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, imikhosi French besilwa kummandla German Togo waseDahomey yayisetyenziswa njenge ziko lomkhosi.

Ngowe-1915, imvukelo kwaqhambuka koloni, leyo livunyelwe. imiboniso Popular zaye zabanjwa ngo-1923. Kwaye ngo-1934 e-waseDahomey wajoyina kwintsimi French ka Togo, yaye ngowe-1937 eli lizwe waba iyunithi yolawulo eyahlukileyo.

kweminyaka 9 kamva wanikwa iwonga kumhlaba lwangaphesheya eFransi wadala iBhunga Jikelele - umzimba yokuqala karhulumente kweli lizwe ngoku ne-Peoples Republic of Benin. Kwakugcwele looceba 30, abonyulwe ngabo bonke abemi abadala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindoda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ufaneleke ukuba ukuvota, amadoda kunye nabafazi kufuneka bakwazi ukufunda, ukubhala ukuthetha isiFrentshi.

Kuyanda ngexesha lolawulo

Kumashumi eminyaka lokuqala ukuzimela layo, i-Republic of Benin iye yaphuhliswa ngokusekelwe koko kuye kwadalwa ngethuba waseDahomey. Ngexesha colonialism kwakhiwa apho izibhedlele kunye nezikolo eziziiprayimari, kwaza kwaveliswa imveliso elikhulu-isikali ioli yesundu. Siye amagxathu ezinkulu bevangeli yamaKatolika.

declaration of ukuzimela

Ngexesha Second World War ulawulo lobukoloniyali waseDahomey yayiquka abaxhasi intshukumo "Free France". Lwakugqitywa wayo, Sharl De Goll ngokobuqu negalelo buthathaka kwamandla lerhuluneli. Ngowe-1952, endaweni yokuba iBhunga Jikelele elisekwe kwiNdibano Territorial, yaye ngowe-1958, waseDahomey waba yiRhiphabhlikhi esele ifakiwe ekuhlaleni French.

ukuzimela Full evela eFransi lwabhengezwa ngo-Agasti 1, 1960. Likomkhulu urhulumente omtsha bekuxela Porto-Novo, kodwa urhulumente wakhe wasiwa e Cotonou.

The Republic of Benin: iminyaka ukuzimela

Kwiminyaka eli-15 yokuqala ukuzimela, iqela babhukuqwa zomkhosi lenziwe kweli lizwe. Ngowe-1975, ne-Peoples Republic of Benin lazisiwe apho. Kuye okhokelwa ngubani wangumlawuli ngo-1972, Mate Major Kareku, ngubani na wesa njongo yayo iphambili ekwakheni socialism.

Ngowe-1989, uzwilakhe wagqiba ukwenza ixesha elide 'ngokutsha "kwaye lisuswe igama lizwe elithi' abantu." Ngowe-1991, bekukho unyulo lwedemokhrasi e Benin. Ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo-party omnye yatshatyalaliswa.

Uphi na ke Republic of Benin, kunye neempawu loqoqosho yayo

Ilizwe ibekwe West Afrika yaye ukufikelela elwandle ngokusebenzisa i-Gulf of Guinea. Ngasentla, imida lizwe kunye Niger Burkina Faso, entshona - kunye, yaye empuma - kunye Nigeria.

Industry unika% 13.5 kuphela ye-GDP. Eli lizwe sele ukuvelisa izimbiwa, kuquka igolide, ezimbejembeje lekalika. Kakhulu kutshanje Kuphuhliswe imithombo ioli. Kukho mveliso nemiqhaphu, ezifana LLC "Skirteks" ( "Skirteks Limited"). The Republic of Benin nayo isebenza izityalo zokwenza ukutya kunye namashishini isamente nokuvelisa. Ishishini lemveliso kweli lizwe bubonakaliswe ziinkampani inxaxheba phambili izinto zezolimo.