Yamabele - ukuba ... Izityalo

Isithethe womgqomo isidudu namazimba imiliselwe elidlulileyo enzulwini. Yamabele - yinto cereal mandulo, wakhwela eRashiya ukusuka China okanye Mongolia. Likhazimlisiwe isityalo amabele ingqolowa.

Eyona ndawo iphambili processing

Okwangoku, kukho ukuya iintlobo 500 amazimba. iindawo yokulima ngokwemveli kwakuhlala ngabahlali zemozulu eziyimiqwebedu kunye nezo ngokoma. Ukusuka Asia (China, Mongolia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) akhawunti kuka-55% yemveliso amazimba yehlabathi. On amazwe Afrika (Nigeria, Ethiopia, Mali, Tanzania, Uganda, Senegal) - ukuya kutsho kuma-25%. Owayesakuba yiSoviet Union kakhulu amazimba lutyalwa kwimimandla emathafeni ka Ukraine kunye Kazakhstan engenakubalwa ukutya, kunye Republic of Belarus - njenge wefula.

Amabele e Russia

Ngomhla kummandla Russian Federation kukho 8 iintlobo zezityalo, kwaye belima 2 kuzo kuphela: amazimba eqhelekileyo - Panicum muliaceum L. (ingqolowa) kunye capitate - Setaria italica L (mass eliluhlaza ukutya kwezilwanyana).

Kuxhomekeka ingqeqesho inflorescences amazimba eziqhelekileyo zenyathi 5: mbhoxo, Komov (cultured njenge thermophilic kunye nembalela), kunye ngamasebe esasaza (ngaphantsi thermophilic, lungakhula nkqu Nechernozemie) kunye zixinaniswe (ebunileyo).

Setar (Italian, Borovoye amazimba) iyalinywa kwiMpuma Ekude. It has 2 zenyathi - amazimba kunye uphaphazele.

Eyona engundoqo Izivuno amazimba eziqhelekileyo bagxila e Western eSiberia, Bashkiria, kwi-Central Black Earth, amazwe zichume ngakumbi North neAsia. Indawo kuhlwayelwa ekuqaleni nokukhulisa neentlobo amazimba, rhoqo nikhulela Non-Black Umhlaba naseMpuma eSiberia.

izinto eziphilayo

Yamabele - yinto ngonyaka, ukuzeyisa ukuhlakanipha, photophilous zezityalo. Izihluma lifinyele - ukususela ezimbini ukuya kwiinyanga ezine. Xa ukulima ngokubanzi ezisixhenxe ezibuhlazarha akubangelwa, ngokuqhelekileyo tillering - 2-3 micingeni.

Izityalo eziphambili (irye, ingqolowa, ibhali, i-oats) sinemibala sincinane esiqwini ngaphezu amazimba. Yokudubula - panicle kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka badlulela intlama iphela.

Iingcambu kusichukumisa ubunzulu-kangangesiqingatha semitha, kodwa ubunzima feed eziphambili ibekwe umaleko ngeesentimitha eziyi-ukuya ku-40.

Growth emva intshule kade (iiveki 2-3), ngenxa yesi sizathu, isityalo, umelene ukhula ezimbi ezikhulayo. Amazimba - isityalo, lifuna Stock up ukufuma umaleko womhlaba eliphezulu: fuma ngakumbi, lo ekuphuhliseni iingcambu ezidingayo ngokukhawuleza. Phantsi kweemeko ezingentle Inokwenzeka yokuhlala ngesibetho kunye neengcambu breakage. Izinga kuxhomekeke ukufuma tillering nokufumaneka stock zizondlo, yenze ixesha lokuhlwayela (May 15), ubunzulu imbewu eziyimfuneko (5 cm) ubuncinane ukhula.

ubunjineli kwezolimo

Yamabele i belay kakuhle kwisityalo xa nezinye izityalo (zombini zasebusika nasentlakohlaza) akazange kuntshula okanye bafa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ixesha lokutyala kade - ukususela phakathi-Meyi ukuya kuJuni. Ziqala zintshule kunye kuphela kwiqondo lobushushu kakuhle eliphezulu - 14 degrees, loo nto ithathwa lobushushu kakuhle degrees 18.

Yamabele - ifuna ukuba ubume bomhlaba le isityalo: izivuno liphezulu kwenziwa noshowo chernozem kunye nezompleyini kwimihlaba (ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-50 ngehektare nganye). Kulinywa umhlaba asabela cala kwaye awana xa ukufuma kuli headroom eyaneleyo nga stably ukunika izivuno eziphezulu.

Ngenxa yokuba le weediness kukhokelela ukuthoba izivuno, kuyimfuneko ngenyameko ukulungiselela emhlabeni ekutyaleni: snegouderzhanie, awatyhubela kuyo ekuqaleni (sele xa ukhula yokuqala intshula) de cultivations ezintathu ezilandelelanayo ubutyobo eliphezulu.

Ngokuvelisa ezivumelana intwasahlobo ifuna ukutyebisa - calcium, phosphorus, initrogen. Oku musa mfuneko, ukuba izandulela iitapile amazimba okanye beetroot: ukuchuma komhlaba ihlala phezulu. isivuno esihle izivuno amazimba, emva kokuba izityalo zasebusika. Xa engaxutywanga nenye kufa ngenxa izifo yokwehlulwa ezinzwaneni.

Izinambuzane eziphambili izityalo - intothoviyane, midges isonka, zikhetha, isiqu borer.

Isivuno amazimba ulihlwempu eRashiya: ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-8 ukuya kwele-12 ngehektare nganye, ngoxa kwi leSoviet e Kazakhstan elidumileyo lonke ilizwe lafumana Chaganak Bercy isivuno phantse 156 eekhilogremu ngehektare nganye ngo-1941, yaye ngowe-1943 - 201.

ukubaluleka Food

Ubunzima amazimba ukuze ondle uluphumelele uvavanyo ixesha: amazimba eRashiya yesibini kuphela kwanakumGrike.

Ukuze zerhasi ingqolowa kusetyenzwa. Yamabele baphume kuphela intyatyambo iqokobhe rough ebizwa Dranets. Emva ukugaya amazimba ifunyenwe. Ekhathazekile - eceleni ngexesha ukugaywa. Kukubola kwakunye nendlela - isiphumo unyango thermal kunye mechanical wengqolowa.

amazimba Rating ngenxa lesondlo (ukuya kwi-13% protein, malunga 81% starch 3.8% nenqatha), isongo elungeleleneyo (ukulandela iimpawu kunye neetyuwa kwezimbiwa) Iipropati amayeza (umxholo vitamin iqela B obungaphezu nezinye iinkozo), kwaye lula razvarivaemosti digestibility eliphezulu.

Impembelelo ye cereals okuziinkozo kwi lombala

Ngu namabele umbala okuziinkozo ngobunzulu ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu: uhlobo lokuqala - umbala omhlophe kunye cream, okwesibini - ebomvu amazimba (zonke abangasekhoyo kwalomqolo esintsundu emnyama), owesithathu - umbala omthubi. Iintlobo amazimba olinywayo RF Orlowski kunye nenomlanga Vsepodolyanskoe-59 eyabelwe uhlobo lokuqala; Standard Gorlinka, Barnaul-80 Orenburgskoe-9-6 Saratov, Saratov-3, eOmsk-10 Lipetskoe - yesibini kunye Kinelskoye-92 Belgorodskoye-1, 8-eKharkov kunye eKharkov-57 - ukuya kweyesithathu.

grain Umbala kuxhomekeke kubukho okanye ukungabikho anthocyanins (colorants). I core (amazimba) ngamnye umbala oqaqambileyo (zamafu etyheli) ezinemibala, ngaphandle ingqolowa olunzulu ngokulandelelana ngasentla nomgangatho kunye nexabiso abathengi.

inani ezidla

Yamabele - yinto ebalulekileyo yale yokudla ukufuywa kwezilwanyana kunye nokulima zeenkukhu.

grain Unpolished amabele isetyenziswa isondlo iintaka: iinkukhu ukwanda kwemveliso iqanda, ukwandisa amandla yeqokobhe nenkuku namazimba isidudu kunye ingqolowa - igunya elifanelekileyo. Yamabele yomgubo umxube kunye ongeziweyo ukutya iihagu atyetyisiweyo namarhanisi. Ichithela ukusuka kwimveliso yengqolowa esetyenziselwa ukulungiselela feed yezilwanyana, kwaye kanzulu nokutya kwezilwanyana.

Yamabele iindiza kakhulu uyaxabiseka isintlakantlakiso ngaphezu iindiza kwezinye okuziinkozo, njengokuba emva kokuvuna uhlala eluhlaza a lot of amagqabi.

amazimba Fresh (green) - nokutya elisemagqabini iinkomo neegusha, amadlelo Ngokunjalo kubhaliwe kaninzi lihlwayelwa khona.

Nayiphi imbewu zasendle intaka senziwa ngedini amazimba. Kutshanje, kukho umkhwa anyanzele amazimba amagqabi ambalwa (izikhongozelo, roll amakhuko) ukuba zombini zokuhombisa kwakunye ukuze iinkukhu.

Amaxabiso Formation for amazimba eRashiya

Ngenxa yokugcina eziphezulu elinxulunyaniswa nazo zozibini ezi mpawu zebhayoloji (ingqolowa entle kakhulu, ufuna umoya okanye ukupholisa), kwaye ukuxhomekeka kwimozulu, kaninzi ngenxa wefula yokuthengisa amazimba. Ixabiso lengqolowa kunikelwa kuxhomekeka kumgangatho: ukusondela iimfuno umgangatho, ngoko ke ngasentla. Iimfuno zobonelelo ezikhoyo xa kusingathwa papa ezinzima hayi zonke iinkampani yezolimo (nokuba ezinkulu) unganikeza kubo. Rhweba ngaphandle kwe amazimba kwi abavelisi bezolimo zasekhaya ngenkankulu kufika. Zorhwebo eziphambili zivela eTurkey kunye Mongolia - amazwe ezivelisa amazimba ezikumgangatho ophezulu.