The Republic of Karelia: ingqukuva. Petrozavodsk, Karelia: imephu, imifanekiso

Xa kumntla-ntshona Russian Federation kukho enye yezona amahle zintanda intliziyo baseRashiya Iindawo - The Republic of Karelia, ogama ezinkulu - isixeko Petrozavodsk, oko kukuthi zombini iziko lolawulo kwingingqi Prionezhsky. Aprili 6, 2015 Petrozavodsk wawongwa isihloko - City of Military Glory.

History of Education

ngokuzalwa kwakhe kwekomkhulu Karelia inyanzelekile ukuba uPetros mna, abathi 1703 babeka kufuphi emlonyeni lomlambo Lososinka, elunxwemeni Lake Onega, isixeko esihle. INkokeli kwisakhiwo esikhulu kulwakhiwo yokuhlala entsha, Prince Alexander Menshikov. Kwishishini lokuqala isixeko-ngokwakha uba mveliso karhulumente-, ukubayinxalenye kwiqela yamashishini Russian metallurgical - ekuthiwa-Olonets imisebenzi imigodi. amashishini ezinjalo isiseko ishishini elinzima Karelia ngelo xesha.

Ngoko ke, kukho Shumsky izixhobo mveliso, igama kamva uPetros Agasti 29, 1703. Kakade ekupheleni kuka-1703 isityalo inika imveliso yokuqala kwetyala. Kwaye ukususela ekuqaleni kuka 1704 it zuza ende yamaziko, Ngokufutha komoya kwi ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, le mveliso iingalo basekuhlaleni kwazeka kuyo eRashiya. Ngokomyalelo uKumkanikazi uCatherine II isalelo ngo-1772 phezu ukwakhiwa Foundry kunaso, kamva uqambe Alexander.

Le nkampani uvelisa kuphela ubuchule izixhobo. Yandululwa imveliso ukubumba zobugcisa processing metal. Ngokuthe ngcembe Alexandrovsky Plant ngokuya ubunzima kulo kwicandelo ngentsimbi Russian. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, Petrozavodsk (Karelia) yaba liziko yommandla Olonets kwaye ofumana ubume lomzi, kwaye ngo-1784 wathunyelwa kudidi nedolophu.

Petrozavodsk yanamhlanje

Namhlanje ikomkhulu Karelia - sisixeko ofudumeleyo nobubele, leyo lusoloko umdla omkhulu kubakhenkethi kunye nabahambi ukwazi. ezikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kunye nembali Bagciniwe ngenyameko kakhulu ngabantu basekuhlaleni, ukuba isiko nekratshi yamandulo mzi.

izitrato Local kunye nezikwere kubakhenkethi ukwazi ukujonga ukubaleka kunye umonakalo yesikhumbuzo kwizakhiwo zembali babehlala kunye wasebenza abantu ebalaseleyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Kwaye ngaphezu kwekhulu nomzi wabo.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Historical ku Petrozavodsk

Yintoni likomkhulu ezihle Karelia? Okubonwayo esixeko kunye ezininzi apha, uhlale abakhenkethi nomdla nje kuphela eRussia kodwa kulo lonke jikelele. Round Square, Karelian Museum yeNgingqi, yeRhuluneli Park, Museum of Arts Omhle, kwiholo lomboniso imyuziyam "Kizhi" - oku nje uluhlu encinane yezindawo abakhenkethi umdla, nto idume Petrozavodsk, ikomkhulu Karelia.

isekisi

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, iziko imbali Petrozavodsk i uLenin Square mihla. Kungenxa kule ndawo emva ukusayinwa ummiselo uCatherine II phezu yokunikwa ubume isixeko Petrozavodsk kube iziko yolawulo mzi omtsha, eyayisaziwa ngaphambili ngokuba Round Square. Anikita Sergeevich Yartsov ... Ngenxa igama indoda ngenxa ukuqala ukwakha kwabo kwisixeko esikhulu.

Ukufumana izembiwa injineli ngokuqeqesha, A. Yartsov owayeququzelela ukwakhiwa ngekamva Alexander mveliso. Lonke olunye uphuhliso lwengingqi isixeko ekuthiwa Petrozavodsk (Karelia) inxulunyaniswa ngegama lakhe. A. kwiSetyhula Yartsov olucwangciselwe kwindawo indawo, apho zicwangciswe circumferentially izakhiwo ofisi.

Kwi unyaka we-100 ka-mveliso Alexander phakathi kwe-Round Square waba lesikhumbuzo kuPetros mna, wema phambi kokuba 1917 Revolution, uninzi kulo nyaka. Ngoku kwi square eponymous kumi lesikhumbuzo lenyengane V. I. Lenina.

laseKirov Square

Kwiminyaka 30 oko uye wahlala angazihoyi ziganeko zembali yaseRashiya kunye Republic of Karelia. Likomkhulu ngohlangothi esemantla lizwe kunye bonke bafumana 'umtsalane' zocindezelo kaStalin.

Ngowe-1936, emva kokufa S. M. Kirova, lo nomkroli uMateyu Manizer wamisa lesikhumbuzo kuye, yaye le ndawo uqambe ndawo laseKirov. Ngoku kule ndawo ekunokuthiwa indawo ubugcisa. zakhiwa Ngokutsho iprojekthi S. G. Brodskogo kwidrama 1953-1955 kunye yeqonga zomculo yokubhala yamandulo. imiqolo abasibhozo kunye arch ngaphezu kwazo zenza inxalenye ephambili yeqonga. Ngomhla arch imelwe eqingqiweyo eyenziwe S. T. Konenkovym. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngamatye zendalo iye yasetyenziswa ezi izakhiwo: Nyengane naziiperile, kunye nabanye.

I-National Theatre yakhiwa ngo-1965 wayilwa S. G. Brodskogo. Akukho kuphela Petrozavodsk inkosi washiya umkhondo wakhe, kodwa nezinye izixeko Karelia zinokuhonjiswa ezikhumbuzo bakhe. Ngomhla inxalenye laseKirov Square uyakwazi ukubona iqhawe lo amaqhawe Kalevala Ilmarinen, nto leyo wadala lokusila nxi omlingo.

Le theatre wesithathu ebaleni - unodoli. isakhiwo Bright, ndinibumbela le ndawo - yinto imyuziyam yobugcisa ocoliweyo, liyazingca weRiphabliki Karelia. Territory kwiintengo ezinkulu iye imyuziyam, apho izindlu omnye yeengqokelela zindala icons kwiinkulungwane 15-18, kuquka iisampuli ezingaphezulu kwama amawaka amabini. Le myuziyam iyazingca ingqokelela yayo yala magcisa Russian ezinkulu ezifana Polenov, ivanov, Levitan kunye Kramskoy. Apha ungenza kwakhona simazi umsebenzi yeenkosi Karelian. Ngowe ka1789, yokuzilolonga amadoda bukaThixo akhiwe kule sakhiwo.

eweni Onega

A indawo owuthandayo ehamba abahlali neendwendwe kwalo mzi eweni Onega. June 25, 1994, uSuku isixeko Petrozavodsk, ebibanjwe sisithethi sembeko.

Kukho isiko elungileyo; phantse yonke imizi Karelia imizi udade wabo. Izisa abantu banobubele kakhulu kwaye ngumzekelo yoxolo benceda elungileyo. Utyelelo rhoqo lobuhlobo wabatyebisa abantu kwinqanaba yokomoya, zenkcubeko nezembali. Nantsi ke - Republic of Karelia. Likomkhulu kumantla eRashiya akuyona umnyinyiva. Petrozavodsk ngo-1965-2011 gg. Wamisa ubudlelwane udade isixeko kunye nemizi elinesibhozo ehlabathini.

Ecaleni Onega ezithintelo zeenqanawa yokubhalela indalo oqingqiweyo imizi amawele. American Duluth wanikela isakhiwo sentsimbi "Abalobi", "iiphaneli Tyube" sixeko wafumana njengesipho esivela abahlobo German. Ngowe-1996, ukusuka kwidolophu Swedish ka Umea Petrozavodsk ndafumana njengesipho "Wish Tree". Oku ukutyhilwa mihla welivo yamandulo komthi abamnyama kunye iintsimbi ngegolide, izibonelelo unqwenela. Ngowe-1997, phezu Onega eweni wabonakala ingoma "wave ubuhlobo 'ukusuka kwidolophu Finnish ka Varkaus. Ukongeza, i-yebhanki ezihonjiswe eqingqiweyo, "esineenkwenkwezi Sky" yaye "I sikamamlambo kunye mfazi."

Map of Karelia

Ukushiya ngabakhenkethi Petrozavodsk kudibana kakhulu umhlaba omhle of Karelia. imilambo acwengileyo kunye namachibi, yabakho amawa Etsolweni lengxondorha, amahlathi ashinyeneyo, ndijonge.

Ezinye iingingqi Karelia emangalisayo yembonakalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zendalo. Uninzi lwabo abakhenkethi umdla omkhulu yaye ngakumbi nomtsalane abahambi ukwazi.

Wooden ummangaliso Russia

Kizhi - omnye kwiziqithi 1369 wasemntla-mpuma inxalenye Lake Onega. He kubhekwa wonder yesibhozo ehlabathini bumbongorha ngokuba yomqala yesilivere perile ngasentla emantla. Apha, kwisiqithi esincinane ngobude km 5.5, kukho ibandla ezimbini emangalisayo, nto leyo ifumaneka phakathi enqabeni yentsimbi.

ubuhle babo ziyamangalisa. Le isiqwenga elincinane somhlaba, hayi kuphela kufuneke senze iisampuli emangalisayo zakhiwo Russian emantla, kodwa inika ithuba lokuba bazive ngokusondela ookhokho bethu. Lo mmangaliso Kizhi Island, yoTshintsho Church, owayephila zombini Peterhof kunye nako ngokupheleleyo.

yonke lomculo Kizhi yakhiwa kwiminyaka 170 zizizukulwana eziliqela yeengcibi abaninzi abanezakhono amagcisa, abamagama azaziwa. Kunokuba imithombo ihonjiswe of Peterhof apha yolula isipili kumphezulu kakuhle Lake Onega, ebonisa amazulu ezahlukeneyo lwabo obungapheliyo. Endaweni yokuba olungaphambili elide, ezihonjiswe moldings entsonkothileyo - iibhodi black yonqulo wasentla. Uphahla Kumbi Church, ngathi nobuhle kokoshniki Russian, wayifulela isikali ubuhle amakhuba. Wonk 'ubani okhe watyelela ezi iindawo kummandla osemantla, uya hlwa ngonaphakade.

Flat Waterfall Kivach

Tourist Karelia map kukhokelela kodwa kwenye indawo emangalisayo - enhle Kivach. "Kivach" nature reserve ebizwa Karelia efinyeziweyo. Le yenye loovimba mncinane Russian. indawo yayo - 11 eehektare. Apha ungabona yonke into emele izityalo, izilwanyana kunye yokwakheka yalo mmandla sithi ndijonge.

Le nxalenye iphawulekayo landscape wengingqi ithathwa engxangxasi ukuba abahambi kotisa ku yini ku iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu eyadlulayo. Kivach ise kwisithili Kandapozhskogo. Oku kumntla-ntshona Karelia, nto leyo ikomkhulu 68 km. Kivach Ingxangxasi kuthiwa, waza wamnika igama kulo myezo, yasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela.

Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ingxangxasi livela kwi "mai" Finnish, elithetha "ilitye" okanye Karelian "kivas" - "entabeni ikhephu". Enyanisweni, lo amagwebu amhlophe ukusuka nqanaba ngathi incopho likhephu eliswenyiweyo. Kivach igqalwa enye kumathafa zinkulu Russia kwiingxangxasi. Amanzi liphuma ukuphakama kuyimitha elinanye, ukwakha zigaba ezininzi ezintle kwi Sawang River. Iqala kufutshane nomda Finnish kwaye ungena Lake Onega, badlula indlela enamajikojiko phantse 300 leekhilomitha.

Sawang elibaleka ecaleni kwebhedi ezazibangelwa amachibi ezinkulu nezincinane. Ngokuhambelana kunye naye - uba ngaphezu kwe mahlanu neengxangxasi, kodwa Kivatch wayesoloko nomtsalane abahambi ukusuka kudaladala. Enye yezinto zokuqala endizikhumbulayo yokuqala ingxangxasi ifumaneka phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-16.

Kivach, indawo yokuphefumlela

Noko ke, imbali Kivach njengeziko ngabakhenkethi sele kuqalile kwi ngenkulungwane ye-18, xa kukho watyelela imbongi odumileyo Russian Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, ngubani wachongwa irhuluneli apha. Ubuhle ingxangxasi aphefumlelweyo Derzhavina kwi imibongo ukubhala, leyo wazukisa le kwikona ye-Karelian nohlobo lonke Russia. Kuloo minyaka, xa Kivach amandla acwengileyo zendalo, e Karelia bendihamba bantu banempembelelo karhulumente.

Babubone kwafika ingxangxasi emangalisayo nkqu uMlawuli Alexander II. Kuthiwa ukuba oogqirha emiselweyo kwakhe ingxolo yamanzi ekungqulekeni. Ukuze kube lula mlawuli phezu kweenxweme Sawang bebexhotyiswa gazebos somthi ukhululekile kunye iibhulorho, abangancedekanga wasinda kwi namhlanje. Umhambi amaxesha ahlukeneyo kubakhenkethi namhlanje sithethe ngamatye.

kwamakhulu Huge ukugcina kwimemori abo baye gqitha ngokobuhle Karelia, Nezingathanga nanceba mandla ixesha imlungisele igama lakhe. Imibhalo yamandulo kunokubonwa badlula ngaphaya kodonga lasekunene komlambo, apho eligangathiweyo lula nokunyuka ndlela. Kodwa izimvo onomtsalane yamawa kunye ingxangxasi ngokwayo ivula emanzini ngqo.

Ukuze unyawo ndachithelwa ungaya kwi phini irabha. Deep umfanekiso udonga emfuleni amatye zamandulo mlilo. Eli litye esisityebi ekuthiwa diabaze isileyiti-umbala. Yena nzima kakhulu, phantse kabini namandla lenyengane. Ngoko ke, kusoloko kusetyenziswa ukupheyiva ezitratweni. Iliwa reserve diabase le yabakho engxangxasi, uwahlule ube yimisinga ezimbini. Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo Kivach waba enkulu kakhulu kunokuba ngoku, ingxolo yayo lavakala iikhilomitha ezintlanu.

Wamkelekile ku Karelia!

Nobubele Karelia ivula iingcango zalo kubo bonke abafuna ukuba uqhagamshelana ngokobuhle emangalisayo udini lwalo. Le ngingqi inebhongo Russia - Republic of Karelia.