Treatment kunye noncedo lokuqala epistaxis

Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, nokopha ivamile kwaye kwenzeka xa umntu omdala kunye nomntwana. Ekuqaleni, kuba isenzeko engeyongozi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa eneneni kusenokwenzeka ukuba waziva ngezifo kakhulu. Njengoko ejongene nale meko, kubalulekile ukwazi oko zoncedo lokuqala epistaxis kufuneka inikwe kwisigulana, ngenxa yokuba lo urhulumente kuyingozi kakhulu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ezisongela ubomi.

Overview

Umqathango yezifo apho umi ngaphandle egazini izicatshulwa ngeempumlo, ebizwa epitaksisom. A Kuyaziwa ngokwaneleyo, oko kunokuthi kwenzeke nanini na ubudala.

Ukuba kuhlasela zinqabile, izigulane phantse musa ukuya kugqirha kunye neendlela ngcono bayeke nokopha. Izizathu, zoncedo lokuqala, iindlela unyango ziya kwahluka xa likakade kunye ukopha elikhulu kwenzeka rhoqo kwaye ukonakala yempilo.

Izinto ezibangela epistaxis

Yaba izinto zasekuhlaleni ngokubanzi nokopha.

Oonobangela zendawo ziquka:

• uhlukunyezwe impumlo (ngokwaphulwa, ukwenzakala).
• Neoplasms kwi nakumarhanana (polyp, nangezilonda).
• utshintsho Dystrophic (ugobile ekudibaneni, ezinganyangekiyo atrophic nokuthimliswa inqwanqwa).
• Betshisa nakumarhanana of umyalezo ezahlukeneyo.
• Le kome inwebu ngeempumlo.
• Izifo ENT (adenoids ebantwaneni, sinusitis).

ngoonobangela:

• Ukwanda elibukhali (hypertension), lisibekele uxinzelelo lwegazi (hypotension).
• Nobushushu yomzimba, sunstroke.
• izifo sentliziyo, iinkqubo lwesiqu.
• Pathology wezintso kwaye zesibindi.
• utshintsho hormone (ukukhulelwa, uhlaselo menses emantombazaneni).
• umsebenzi Physical.
• Anemia.
• Ukufumana umzimba angaphandle kweli impumlo (ingakumbi ebuntwaneni).

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ngezifo idla usombulula ngokwayo (ngoncedo yokuntlokothiswa ethile), izixhobo zoncedo lokuqala epistaxis kufuneka banikwe kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Uyacetyiswa ukuba wenze oko kamsinya kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwilahleko igazi akazange abangele ukonakala kweendlela nesimo sempilo.

Nokopha: Iindidi

Xa yezonyango, bahlule nokopha kwindawo indawo, ubunzulu kunye nexesha. Ngowe-90% amatyala accounted for kwezimilo Kisselbaha izowuni (ekudibaneni sobuKristu kunye plexus nemithambo). Kweli nqanaba, i iimpahla kufutshane kumphezulu. wopha enjalo ayikho olunzulu akuyona ingozi ebomini.

Ngasemva kwasendaweni iinqanawa ezinkulu zonakele, uyakhululwa isixa esikhulu wegazi. uncedo lokuqala epistaxis kule meko kufuneka ngoko nangoko kwaye kwenziwa ziingcali. Ngokunzulu stop ukopha ngokwabo cishe akunakwenzeka.

Ngokutsho amandla nomthamo ukopha ahluka:

• nokopha kancinane - udlula ngaphandle ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kwi imeko yomguli iimpawu zempilo. Yalahlekelwa ukuya ngeemililitha ezimbalwa igazi, nto leyo ubomi engozini.
• Umyinge (elinokuba phakathi) nokopha - isigulane banokuziva oluthile, ukuvela ukuduma, ivela isikhumba luthuthu. Yalahlekelwa 15% yegazi (ml 300).
• Strong (olunzulu) nokopha - uncedo kwisigulana kulo mzekelo kuqala, kufuneka kunikwa ngoko nangoko. ukulahleka Blood ungaba kuze ilitha 1. It igcwele ukopha othukile, ilahleko osezingqondweni, ukuhla okukhulu uxinzelelo lwegazi.

ekuxilongweni

Xa ufaka isicelo ingcali zonyango abaqeqeshiweyo kuya kunceda uphando zamabanga aphantsi kunye nodliwano-ndlebe kunye nezigulane. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuvelisa diagnosis enomahluko ukuze ukwahlula ukusuka epistaxis yemiphunga nezengekho okanye esiswini.

Ukuze ubone uhlobo ugqirha ngezifo imisela rhinoscopy (endoscopy ngeempumlo). Inkqubo iza kuphanda umthombo ukopha, thatha imathiriyeli ukuhlalutya, ukuvelisa ungenelelo microsurgical. X-ray kuyimfuneko kwiimeko zaphuka olukrokrelwayo.

Kutheni wopha impumlo ebantwaneni?

Unobangela oqhelekileyo nokopha ebantwaneni - umonakalo ngaphakathi komgodi ngeempumlo. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu rhoqo xa icholwa impumlo yakhe, kodwa kwakhona kwenzeka emva kokuba hits into langaphandle (namalungu amancinane zokudlala, amaqhosha). uncedo lokuqala wopha kufuneka zinikwe umntwana ngexesha.

Ngexesha lokufikisa, umzimba phantsi layisha phezulu (kwezemfundo, ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwasengqondweni-ngokweemvakalelo) utshintsho kunye kwamadlala, nto leyo kwakhona ukuba uphuhliso ngezifo.

uncedo lokuqala wopha: algorithm izenzo

Ekuncediseni isigulane kunye epistaxis kufuneka zilandele ngqo le migaqo ilandelayo:

• Isigulane kufuneka ziqinisekiswe. uchulumanco beemvakalelo, izinga intliziyo ukunyuka ixhala, nto leyo kwandisa ukopha. Akwanelanga ukuba ukuphefumla ngokulungelelana nangokunzulu.
• Ukunika indawo echanekileyo. Isigulana Isihlalo enqwenelekayo, zithambekele kancinane intloko yakho phambili. Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba alahlele umva intloko yakhe! Kwesi sikhundla, igazi uya kuwela esiswini, esinokubangela egabha. Head wagoba phambili, ungenza iliso umthamo wegazi elahlekileyo.
• Tyhala omabini impumlo ngeminwe yakho. Oku kuya kunceda ukubacinezela izitya.
• Qhoboshela a ummandla ebandayo impumlo (ice ngelaphu nkxu emanzini abandayo).
• Athontsize kulo Ezingxingweni ngeempumlo amachaphaza vasoconstrictive ( "Naphthyzinum", "Farmazolin").
• Faka ilaphu yomqhaphu empumlweni. Oku kwenziwa kwiimeko ukopha okukrokrelwayo okanye emva ukuba azisebenzi manyathelo angentla. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezintle, ilaphu desensitised kunye nesisombululo hydrogen peroxide.

uncedo Specialised lokuqala kuyimfuneko, ukuba uyayeka wedwa ukuba imizuzu engama-20 akwenzeki kunye epistaxis. Kulo mzekelo, isigulane kufuneka umnxeba (mandatory) inqwelo yezigulana.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Nomonde ne epistaxis ayikwazi kwanga akungebalelwe. Le meko iya kwandisa kuphela ukumpompoza kwegazi ezinokuthi ngenisa imiphunga okanye kuvuleke iminxunya. Kwakhona Akuvunyelwe ukuba avuthele impumlo zakhe ukuze akhulule iivesi ngeempumlo yi egazi. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni ikhefu le thrombus kunye rebleeding.

uncedo lokuqala epistaxis ebantwaneni ayikho yahlukile abadala, kodwa abazali kufuneka kulungelelanisa amanyathelo umntwana. Ukuba unobangela ngezifo kukuba ukubetha into langaphandle, oko aluvumelekanga ukufumana ngokwabo. Nayiphi izakhi enjalo zingonakalisa ngakumbi umphezulu mucosal nokunyusa ukopha.

Xa kusetyenziswa ukuyeka ukopha tampon, kufuneka desensitised kunye iperoksayidi yehidrojeni, phambi kokuba ndihambe ndikhetha yempumlo. Etsala kwasala elomileyo kungonakalisa ihlwili legazi kunye negazi iza kuhamba kwakhona.

iingcebiso Medical Kufuneka banyangwe nge sisifo kaninzi samarhanana ukopha. Kwakhona ebonisa emesis kunye igazi isigulane, uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi, ubukho ezimbi ezichaphazela kusekwe kwaye igazi ekunqandeni, kokwenzakala le impumlo, enkulu ilahleko igazi.

Indlela yokuphatha?

Kwiimeko kakhulu, libonisa i uncedo olulodwa lokuqala. Xa kukuxaba ukopha olungapheliyo imizuzu engama-20, isigulane kufuneka nokulaliswa esibhedlele. therapy Drug ziya kukhethwa yi igqirha ngokodidi leengxaki. arhente Hemostatic linokwenziwa ngenaliti intramuscular (i.v.) okanye ngomlomo.

Yandisa igazi ekunqandeni :

• "Dicynonum" (sodium etamzilat) - ethathwe ngokohlobo iipilisi okanye ezilawulwa ngenaliti. Ikhupha ukusebenza hemostatic ngokukhawuleza kwaye akubangeli amahlwili okwandileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa nto ixesha elide (emiselwe ngugqirha).
• Calcium chloride - umiselwa ukuba ukuphucula intshukumo kwamachiza hemostatic. Oku kunegalelo ukuphuculwa contractility yegazi.
• Aminokopronovaya acid - kunciphisa permeability nemithambo kunye uvimba inkqubo ithinasi igazi. Yegazi, kodwa ezinye Izimo.
• "Vikasol" - analog ivithamini K, kuboniswe ukuba iingxaki igazi ekunqandeni.

Uyakwazi ukusebenza kwi ingxaki ngoncedo zokupheka amayeza emveli. Izityalo ezifana yomalusi yamali, umba, yarrow kufuneka iipropati hemostatic.

iindlela zotyando

Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, xa uncedo lokuqala epistaxis kunye nonyango ngamachiza ayiniki iziphumo ezihle, utyando ezinemifanekiso. Isabelo-mali elula intsumpa bayeke igazi lweHo- ngeempumlo yi moxibustion mucosal umphezulu (coagulation) laser, umbane, ultrasound, nitrogen engamanzi okanye izinto ezizodwa (isisombululo nitrate yesilivere, trichloroacetic acid).

Kuxhomekeka ebukhulwini kunye nezihlandlo epistaxis yokuphinda angatyumba ngenaliti phantsi kwam ngeempumlo mucosal kumphezulu "Lidocaine" okanye "Novocain" tubal kwemithambo yegazi.