Turing machine: kwi imvelaphi yenzululwazi computer kunye zokufihlakeleyoComment

Umatshini Turing sele yenziwe grand, kwangenisa ixesha zobuxhakaxhaka bolwazi, kwaye kucingeleka nakubugcisa lwezixokelelwano beelwimi zabantu zekhompyutha mihla. Eminent yezibalo British Alan Turing kunye nokuhlaziywa kwiminyaka ngaphantsi kwamashumi amane ikwazile ukwakha ngengqondo yindlela nje ukujongana enye iingxaki ezisisiseko zezibalo, nto leyo baqulunqe odumileyo German uNjingalwazi uDavide Hilbert kwi-International Mathematics Congress eyayibanjelwe-1900 e-Paris.

Turing Umatshini kuye kuphela ukuba impendulo ecacileyo umsebenzi othile ikhompyutha, kodwa yaba sisiseko theoretical ukuba algorithms kunye nesiseko software zenzululwazi. Ukongeza, umgaqo zokusombulula iingxaki ezinzima zezibalo nokuyila iindlela ezahlukeneyo abstract kunye nokwakhiwa algorithms ukuphunyezwa yi izixhobo ze-elektroniki, zenza isiseko ukuzalwa kwisigaba olutsha lomsebenzi kushicilelo - technologies ulwazi.

umatshini Turing abonelelwa ibhanti engaphele ndawo, yahlulwe yaba ziiseli, nganye iqulethe uphawu lwe iseti esisigxina sokuzalwa. Ukuqokelelwa kwazo zonke iisimboli ebizwa ngokuba alfabhethi lo matshini. Enye imiqondiso elolu hlobo alfabhethi edulusele ngaphandle kwaye ubizwa ngokuba "O". Umatshini Turing lutshintsha iziqulatho neseli ukufundwa okukhethekile kunye nokubhala entloko ihamba ecaleni tape. Kukufumana ulwazi kwintloko imixholo yeseli nganye, isixhobo ngokwayo isigqibo, kuxhomekeke kwisimo sazo sangaphakathi, umlinganiswa esibhaliweyo kule seli apho ukususa intloko emva kwalo msebenzi. Apho isimo sangaphakathi (memory) kumatshini, iphawulwa ixabiso elithile ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya kwezinye ixabiso eliphezulu, naye ivavanywa a utshintsho.

Umatshini Turing ezihlelwe elula kakhulu, kodwa likuvumela ukuba wenze phantse nayiphi na inkqubo, eyakhelwe algorithm ecacileyo. Kuba ukubulawa lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo azo kukho itafile okhethekileyo, eyayibhalwe imithetho ethile, zona imiyalelo jikelele ukuba umatshini. Emva le theyibhile, nto leyo Iqinisekile inkqubo udibaniso elithile ithi ezahlukahlukeneyo neempawu, izixhobo imisela ukuba umsebenzi azo ukuba yenziwe kwimeko nganye. Enyanisweni, umatshini Turing bendawo kwase lokuqala iikhompyutha mihla.

kwasungulwa luli Alan Turing iye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo yi-bureau yaseBritani cryptanalytic ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II ukuba ndimaphule iikhowudi German mfihlakalo. Amaxesha amaninzi zokucazulula lweenqanawa ezintywilayo imiyalezo eyimfihlo Doenitz kwamaxhalanga walala phezu kwedesika Churchill phambi lingahenyuzi Reich Chancellery. Mu kuya kwa nshita cryptographers German, ukuziqhelisa indlela nje ongenantandabuzo yaye zinxulumene zokufihlakeleyoComment njengento ephambili, ubuchule Alan Turing ziquka izisombululo algorithmic kwimingeni inkulu yonke ezama ngendlela eyimfihlo, leyo obungako ngempumelelo ngakumbi.

Non-deterministic kumatshini Turing wenza kube lula ukuba zizame imibhalo efihlakeleyo utshaba kuphela cryptographers brilliant, kodwa Ofisi abasebenzi eziqhelekileyo, ngokwenza izenzo ongenantandabuzo ezicwangcisiweyo intshukumo neneenjongo le njongo. Afunyenwe Turing data umatshini ubukhulu becala sichaphazele sisiphumo Battle of eBritani.