Ubomi Works of Bach

Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19 yaye kude kube namhlanje akuthethi aphelise umdla imisebenzi Ioganna Sebastyana Bach. Ubuchule genius nanto kuchaphazela ubukhulu bayo. Umqambi omkhulu kwaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. igama lakhe waziwa nje kuphela iingcali nabathandi umculo, kodwa abafundi baye babonisa umdla encinane ubugcisa "kakhulu". Kwelinye icala, Bach ibangelwa ethile. Umqambi wazekelisa amava ngaphambili. Wayesazi ukuba polyphony weekwayara le Renaissance, le organ umculo German, ingakumbi Italian-style violin. Yena simazi kakuhle izinto ezintsha, yaye namava ngokubanzi. Kwelinye icala, Bach waye ngcungela elihle, wayekwazi ukuvula amathuba amatsha ukwenzela uphuhliso umculo yehlabathi. Ubuchule Ioganna Baha bamchukumisa kubalandeli bakhe: Brahms, uBeethoven, Wagner, Glinka, Taneyev, Honegger, winky kunye nezinye abaqambi ezinkulu ezininzi.

Ilifa imifanekiso Bach

Uye wadala ngaphezulu kwe 1000 imisebenzi. Genre yena babengama kakhulu abohlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho imisebenzi enjalo, isikali leyo ezingaxhaphakanga ixesha. umsebenzi bach kaThixo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ezine eziyintloko uhlobo:

• umculo zomzimba.
• Bathetha zomculo.
• Umculo for izixhobo ezahlukeneyo (ivayolin, nelembande, ipiyano kunye nabanye).
• Umculo for ensembles instrumental.

Abhalwa nganye amaqela ngasentla zibhekisela kwixesha elithile. In Weimar ukuba yabhalwa ezaqanjwa omzimba evelele. ixesha Ketensky uphawula inani elikhulu lwebhodi yezitshixo kunye nemisebenzi okhestra. E Leipzig, kubhaliwe kwathiwa kakhulu izimvo zabo kunye zomculo.

UJohann Sebastian Bach. Biography kunye nomsebenzi

Awazalelwa kuyo umqambi ngo-1685 kwidolophu encinane Eisenach, kwintsapho zomculo. Kuba konke oko kwaba uhlobo imisebenzi yesintu. Utitshala yokuqala zokuvuma uJohann eyayingamonwabisanga uyise. Loo mfana waba ngezwi elikhulu kwaye sacula ekwayaleni. Xa eli-9 ubudala ukuba wayeyinkedama. Emva kokusweleka kwabazali bakhe bazisa Iogann Kristof (ungumzalwana). Xa-15 ubudala, lo mfana waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo iimbeko Ordrufsky yaye wafudukela Lüneburg, waqalisa ukuba bacule ekwayaleni ka apho "nabanyuliweyo." Iminyaka 17 wafunda ukudlala izixhobo ezahlukeneyo: Purple, harpsichord, ilungu, ivayolin. Ukususela 1703 uye ababehlala kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo: Arnstadt, Weimar, Mühlhausen. Ubomi Nemisebenzi of Bach kweli thuba ngokupheleleyo iingxaki ezithile. Yena uyawaguqula ke rhoqo indawo yokuhlala ngenxa ukuthingaza bazive kuxhomekeka okanye ezinye abaqeshi. Wawusebenza mvumi (njenge organist okanye violin). Imiqathango zokusebenza yayo rhoqo awuzali. Ngeli xesha kukho abhalwa yakhe yokuqala ipiyano kunye nemibutho, kwakunye cantata ngokomoya.

Weimar period

Ukususela ngowe-1708 Bach uqalisa ukuba abe enkundleni organist kwi Weimar nkosana. umsebenzi kuloo mvumi ndlwana egumbini. Ubomi Nemisebenzi of Bach kweli xesha uya kuba neziqhamo kakhulu. Oko ngexesha lokuvuthwa yokuqala compositional. Kwakukho sakhiwo imisebenzi engcono. Zezi:

• Isandulela kunye Fugue in c-Moll, i-Moll.
• Toccata C-okunga.
• Passacaglia c-Moll.
• Toccata and Fugue in d-Moll.
• "Ncwadi Ilungu."

ngaxeshanye uJohann Sebastian usebenza imisebenzi kwi cantata uhlobo ebhaliwe for harpsichord Ikonsathi violin Italian. Okokuqala ingqalelo uhlobo le sonatas ivayolin wedwa kunye abandwendweli.

Ketensky period

Ukususela ngo 1717 le mvumi ahlala Köthen. Apha uthatha post-kwinqanaba eliphezulu intloko zegumbi umculo. Yena, enyanisweni, elawula yonke ubomi somculo sesango lentendelezo. Kodwa yena wayengekho wanelisekile kwidolophu encinane kakhulu. Bach izimisele ukuba bafudukele mzi mkhulu kwaye ethembisa ukubapha abantwana babo ithuba lokuya eyunivesithi kwaye bafumane imfundo esemgangathweni. Ngo Köthen waba umzimba esemgangathweni ibingekho ngokunjalo Choir. Ngoko ke, kukho iphuhlise clavier Bach. Umqambi kwakhona uhlawula ingqalelo kakhulu umculo lomculo. Imisebenzi abhalwe Köthen:

• Umqulu 1 "Kulungile-Wobulali Clavier".
• IsiNgesi Suite.
• Sonatas for violin wedwa.
• Suites French.
• "Brandenburg Concertos" (iziqwenga ezintandathu).
• "Chromatic Fantasia kunye Fugue".

Leipzig kunye kule minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe

Ukususela ngo 1723 i ncam ubomi e Leipzig, apho ke wayalela ikwayala (wakhonza cantor) esikolweni kwi-Church of St. Thomas Tomasshule. Kuthatha indima ebonakalayo kwisangqa ekuhlaleni abathandi bomculo. "College" yesixeko rhoqo zinginginya Ikonsathi umculo wempangelo. Ziziphi yobuciko ngexesha othe Bach? Ngokufutshane esalatha ezixabisa ngaphandle imisebenzi emikhulu kwexesha Leipzig, leyo ngokufanelekileyo kuqwalaselwa kakhulu. Zezi:

• "St John isiva".
• Ubunzima h-Moll.
• "St. Mateyu isiva".
• Malunga 300 cantatas.
• "IKrismesi Oratorio".

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubomi umqambi lujolise zililo zomculo. Ubhala athi:

• Umqulu 2 "Kulungile-Wobulali Clavier".
• Concerto Italian.
• Partita.
• "Art of the Fugue."
• Bendlela isahlukile ezahlukeneyo.
• Ilungu Mass.
• "Ukunikela Musical".

Emva utyando aluphumelelanga Bach yimfama, kodwa zange wayeka ngokubhala umculo de ukufa kwakhe.

indlela uphawu

Style Bach kwabunjwa ngokusekelwe izikolo zomculo ezahlukeneyo neentlobo. UJohann Sebastian ngokulungelelanisiweyo ephothiweyo imisebenzi babo evumelanayo kakhulu. Ukuze siqonde ulwimi zokuvuma Italian kunye abaqambi French, yena Ndipinde ndawabhala ezaqanjwa zabo. dalo bakhe zizele amazwi womculo, izingqisho kunye neentlobo isiFrentshi kwaye Italian umculo, indlela North waseJamani contrapuntal, kwakunye ngentloko imfundiso yamaLuthere. Yindibanisela banezimbo kunye neentlobo zidibene ngobunye a amava oluntu enzulu shrill. into zomculo wema phandle ukohluka ezizodwa, nsimbi kunye ezithile emhlabeni. Bach Ubuchule libhekisela style lowo ngokuqinileyo kwimizobo somculo. Le classicism eliphezulu ezimbejembeje. Kuba isimbo Bach zomculo luphawulwa ilifa kweenkqubo ngokungaqhelekanga emnandi, apho umculo esilawulwa ingcinga ephambili. Ngenxa ukuyazi counterpoint art inokusebenza iingoma ngaxeshanye eziliqela. Umqambi German yaba ongumyeni ka polyphony. Kwakufuneka utyekelo lokuba enta virtuosity nobuhlakani.

The main genre

Bach ezamahala ubuqambi iquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo. Zezi:

• Cantatas kunye oratorios.
• Uthando kunye uMthendeleko.
• Preludes kunye Fugues.
• processing Choral.
• Dance Suite nakwiikonsathi.

Kakade ke, kwezi ntlobo zidweliswe waboleka evela ababengaphambi kwakhe. Noko ke, wabanika Umda ngokubanzi. Womculo ngokuhlakanipha updated nabo zomculo novakalelo iindlela ezintsha, ke bazizityebi iimpawu zezinye ntlobo. Umzekelo oyinhloko i "Chromatic Fantasia e minor D." Wobuciko ayidalwanga ngenxa clavier, kodwa iqulethe ukuphindwa olukhulu imvelaphi kumabala emidlalo kunye neempawu ezibonisa improvisations omzimba enkulu. Kulula ukuba uqaphele ukuba umsebenzi Bach kaThixo "wasindisa 'opera, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, wayengomnye lweendidi phambili ngexesha lakhe. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi yehlabathi cantata Umqambi xa kunzima ukwahlula ukusuka interludes comedic (ngeli xesha e Italy ukuba ezivuselela kwi opera buffa). Ezinye Bach cantatas, wadala ngomoya emfihlekweni nehlekisayo uhlobo, aphengela Singspiel German.

Umxholo yeengcinga uluhlu lwemifanekiso Ioganna Sebastyana Bach

ubuchule bokuyila umqambi yeyona zizityebi umxholo wayo yokomfuziselo. Ukususela usiba ngaphandle inkosi njengento indalo elula kakhulu kwaye grand kakhulu. Bach Art iqulethe uburharha elula yaye bebuhlungu kakhulu, kwaye reflection bulumko kunye elibukhali kakhulu. Genius uJohann Sebastian emculweni wakhe uye wabonisa iinkalo ezifana elibalulekileyo ixesha lakhe, njengoko iingxaki wenkolo nefilosofi. Ngoncedo izandi ezimangalisayo zehlabathi, yena luphefumla imibuzo obungunaphakade kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ubomi babantu:

• Malunga umsebenzi yokuziphatha woMntu.
• Ngendima yakhe kweli hlabathi kunye kuyo.
• Ubomi nokufa.

Ezi zibona ezinxulumene ngqo izifundo zonqulo. Oku akothusi. Umqambi phantse ubomi bakhe bonke babekhonza ecaweni, ngoko inkoliso umculo yena wabhala. Kwangaxeshanye, waba likholwa, wayesazi izibhalo. handbook yakhe iBhayibhile ebhalwe ngeelwimi ezimbini (Latin kunye German). Wayekholelwa izithuba avume, wahlala iintsuku ezingcwele. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uYesu wathabatha umthendeleko. Eyona hero iphambili Umqambi Iisus Hristos. Lo mfanekiso ifanelekileyo Bach wabona ngumfuziselo iimpawu intle womntu, ukusulungeka ingqondo, amandla omoya, ukunyaniseka kwindlela ekhethiweyo. deed kukaYesu Kristu ukuze usindiso isintu ukuba zombilini Bach kaThixo. Xa umsebenzi umqambi, isihloko yaba yeyona ibalulekileyo.

Olube yimpumelelo Bach

Kweli xesha ezimbejembeje kwakukho imifuziselo somculo. Kulo sibonisa ihlabathi entsonkothileyo kunye ezimangalisayo umqambi. umculo bach kaThixo ziqondeka ababephila njengoko intetho selubala kwaye zicacile. Oku kungenxa kubukho kuyo amagophe ezizinzileyo emnandi, evakalisa iimvakalelo ezithile kunye neengcamango. ifomula sound Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba amanani somculo-buciko. Ezinye abanye kudlule kuchaphazela alingisa imvakalozwi intetho yabantu, abanye enxibe umlinganiswa lenkundla. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• anabasis - ukucaca;
• circulatio - ukujikeleza;
• catabasis - yehla;
• exclamatio - isikhuzo, ndibathuma ndivuka yesithandathu;
• fuga - aphilileyo;
• duriusculus passus - ikhosi Chromatic, ezisetyenziselwa ibinzana wokubandezeleka okanye intlungu;
• suspiratio - ndiyancwina;
• tirata - boom.

Ngokuthe ngcembe amanani zomculo buciko i uhlobo 'imiqondiso' lwengqiqo ezithile kunye neemvakalelo. Umzekelo, ehla inani catabasis wayedla okudlulisela intlungu, usizi, intlungu, ukufa, imeko engcwabeni. I intshukumo ngcembe phezulu (anabasis) yasetyenziselwa ukuchazwa wenyukela ezulwini, umoya ephakamileyo kunye nezinye izinto. Umxholo, abalinganiswa kuvandlakanywa yonke imisebenzi umqambi. Ngemisebenzi Bach kaThixo alawulwa chorale lamaProtestanti, apho ncam wathetha kubo bonke ubomi bakhe. Kwakhona linentsingiselo yokomfuziselo. Ukusebenza kunye sithi lwaqhutywa kwi iintlobo ngeentlobo - cantatas, isiva, preludes. Ngoko ke, enengqondo, ukuba chorale amaProtestanti yinxalenye lolwimi somculo Bach kaThixo. Phakathi abalinganiswa ebalulekileyo efumaneka umculo abazobi, kufanele kuphawulwe imidibaniso nzile izandi eziye amaxabiso rhoqo. Ngemisebenzi Bach kaThixo alawulwa uphawu lomnqamlezo. It iqulathe kumacala amane ezahlukeneyo zomculo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba igama buyisela ubhalo oluqhelekileyo Umqambi (lang) amanqaku, ngoko umzobo graphic ezifanayo. B - Flat B, A - A, C - to, H - B. A igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso umculo abalinganiswa Bach ukuba abaphandi ezifana F. Busoni, A. Schweitzer, M. Yudin, B. Jaworski kunye nabanye.

"Ukuzalwa Second"

Ngexesha ubomi Sebastian Bach ayizange malunga noku. bexesha lakhe bezimazi ngakumbi njengento organist kunokuba umqambi. On oko kwabhalwa incwadi enkulu enye. kuphela nje ezimbalwa ziye zapapashwa yenani elikhulu imisebenzi yakhe. Emva kokufa kwegama umqambi likaThixo kungekudala ulibele, kwaye ngqangi lokusinda bahlanganisana uthuli kwii-akhayivu. Mhlawumbi kuya kuba kuhle, Andimazi loo mntu buchopho. Kodwa, yona, nto ayizange yenzeke. wabonakala umdla wokwenene Bach ngenkulungwane ye-19. Xa Mendelssohn ezifumaneka kwithala lomculo, "St uMateyu isiva", apho waba nomdla kakhulu. Phantsi kolawulo lwakhe, lo msebenzi ngempumelelo senziwa Leipzig. abaphulaphuli abaninzi bavuya kunye nomculo usaqhubeka-kangako umbhali. Sinokuthi le ukuzalwa yesibini ka uJohann Sebastian Bach. Ngowe-1850 (iminyaka eyi-100 ukufa umqambi kaThixo) Society Bach kaThixo yasekwa e Leipzig. Injongo yalo mbutho ukupapashwa ngqangi Bach afumaneka ngokohlobo imisebenzi epheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, nemiqulu 46 ziqokelelwe.

Ilungu Bach. isishwankathelo

Ilungu Umqambi wadala yimveliso obalaseleyo. Esi sixhobo for Bach - into yokwenene. Apha wakwazi ukuba yilo iingcinga zabo, iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo, kwaye konke oku kumphulaphuli. Ngenxa yoko ukumanywa imigca, kwikonsathi, virtuosity, imifanekiso usinga. Nokudala wadala umzimba, sifunda ngomfanekiso womzobo. Bonke bephela thaca becala close-ups. Isiqalo, Toccata kunye neminqweno waphawula imifanekiso zomculo ayinyamezeleki kwi free, iifom improvisational. Fougamou ezendeleyo a virtuosity ethile kwaye yomelele ngokungaqhelekanga nophuhliso. Ilungu Bach adlulisele imibongo eliphezulu lyrics bakhe isikali elizukileyo improvisations yinzwakazi.

Mu kuya kwa nshita imisebenzi clavier, iziko fugues ezinkulu kakhulu umda kunye nomxholo. Intshukumo yomfanekiso zomculo kunye nophuhliso yayo uthathe indawo ngokwandayo umsebenzi. Kufakwa inkcazelo thaca ngokohlobo kweengqimba ngomaleko omkhulu umculo, kodwa indalo ezikhethekileyo ezahlukene kanti akukho ekhefu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kugquba phambili (intshukumo eqhubekayo). ibinzana ngalinye livela yangaphambili ngokwandayo ombane. yakhiwe nje ne. Emotional ekugqibeleni ivuke ukuya kwindawo eyeyona zinokukhuliswa. Bach nguye umqambi wokuqala owabonakala imithetho zophuhliso Symphonic iifom enkulu nendima polyphonic umculo. Ilungu Bach ngokungathi yeyela nezibonda ezimbini. Lokuqala - sani, toccata, fugue, neengcinga ezimnandi (umjikelo umculo enkulu). Okwesibini - olunye-inxalenye preludes chorale. Bona ngokuyintloko ngokwemiqathango egumbini. Aveza imifanekiso ubukhulu becala ombambazelayo: olusenyongweni, buhlungu yaye uthobeke nzulu. Imisebenzi kakhulu iziko Ioganna Sebastyana Bach - Toccata kunye Fugue ukho D minor, isandulela kunye Fugue e A Minor, kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi.

Usebenzela Harpsichord

Xa ubhala iingoma Bach wathembela kumava exesha langaphambili. Kodwa apha, wazibonakalisa ukuba nezinto ezintsha. Clavier Bach luphawulwa isikali, nsimbi ezizodwa, ukufuna indlela yokuthetha. Yena kuqala wavakalelwa abaqambi ngazibini ngesi sixhobo. Xa ubhala imisebenzi yakhe, yena wayengoyiki ukuba asebenzise nokuphumeza iingcinga zibalaseleyo kunye neeprojekthi. Xa ubhala wawuqondiswa ngu lonke umculo ehlabathini. Ngenxa yakhe iindlela wobugcisa Clavier ngcono kakhulu. Yena elicebisa indlela entsha isixhobo virtuoso uze utshintshe i_i_isiseko imifanekiso zomculo.

Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe amagqabantshintshi iziko:

• izwi-ezimbini ze-inxalenye ezintathu Inventions.
• "IsiNgesi" kunye yohambelwano "French".
• "Chromatic Fantasia kunye Fugue".
• "Kulungile Wobulali Clavier".

Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi Bach kaThixo ukunyanzela kunye abasakhasayo yayo. Umqambi yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. imisebenzi yakhe isenze sicinge size sibonakalise. Ukuphulaphula iingoma zakhe, engathandi egxile kuzo, ebonisa ngentsingiselo ebalulekileyo, ebenza. Iintlobo, leyo wathetha Maestro ubomi bakhe, baba zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Le umculo zomzimba, umculo bathetha zomculo ukulungiselela izixhobo ezahlukeneyo (ivayolin, nelembande, ipiyano kunye nabanye) kunye ensembles zomculo.