Ubushushu - ntoni na? licwecwe sikali

Kutshanje, isixhobo lanwenwezela ngokuba "ubushushu". Loluphi uhlobo isixhobo yaye yintoni umongo wayo? umsebenzi wakhe - into lobushushu womlinganiselo kwi kumgama othile kulo.

Esebenzisa pyrometers kunokuba yindlela ekhuselekileyo ukufumana ubushushu izinto ezinzima okanye eshushu, ngoko ke nani sele nayiphi na imveliso yorhwebo. Ngenxa rhoqo kukho amaxesha xa nje akunakwenzeka ukuba aye kumlinganiselo into, okanye ukuba umele engozini impilo yabantu.

A incinane

I pyrometer lokuqala (ukuba uhlobo device, bona ngezantsi) yaqanjwa yamachiza Dutch Peter van Mushenbruktom. Ezi zingaba balinganise iqondo lobushushu lwemizimba abangaboniyo kuphela. izibalo Basic zahlanganiswa ukususela data ekutshintsheni umbala kunye nokuqaqamba into eliqaqambileyo. Kakade ke, la manani abazange echanekileyo ngokwaneleyo. Okwangoku, umsebenzi zezi zixhobo iye ikhule kakhulu, kusenokwenzeka ukuba balinganise iqondo lobushushu hayi nje izinto eshushu, kodwa ezo izinto apho nani lingaphantsi kwe-0 degrees. Umzekelo, i-pyrometer infrared umlinganiselo Optris ubushushu apha uluhlu -32 ukuya 900 ⁰ C.

Ukuphuculwa zezi zixhobo waqala 60s lwekhulu XIX. Ishishini iyakhula ngempumelelo yaye ngoku. Ngenxa kuphuhliso esebenzayo, kwaba lula ukuvelisa pyrometers mveliso, nto leyo lixhotyiswe ukusebenza eliphezulu. Ngelo xesha kunye nophuhliso ubungakanani izixhobo By kukufumana zibencinane kwaye ezincinane, eyenza usebenziso sabo lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Umfuziselo lokuqala ephathwayo pyrometer yaphuhliswa ngo-1967 yi phambili yinkampani American Wahl. Yaba yena lowo kwempefumlelo izixhobo zale mihla infrared. Ukuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe ezintsha kunye eyanceda ukuphucula ukusebenza pyrometer. Umgaqo zalo ezisisiseko yayisekelwe ukumiselwa amandla thermal, nto leyo yemisebe yi into. Ngentshayelelo ngokubanzi zezi zixhobo banethuba ukulinganisa kude lobushushu zombini ulwelo kunye eziqinileyo.

Ubushushu ubushushu namhlanje zicacisa iinkalo eziliqela ezibalulekileyo. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ngokwale iingongoma, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili:

• Ukugqama. Iqondo lobushushu into eshushu bubonwa uthelekisa umbala komthunzi reference vulu.
• Imisebe. pyrometers ezinjalo amisele iqondo lobushushu into ngu amandla ayo radiation ubushushu.
• Umbala. Olu hlobo isixhobo ukulinganisa isifundo ngokusekelwe lobushushu umbala we kumphezulu reflection spectra ezahlukeneyo.

lobushushu ibanga

Ukuze ufumane izibonisi lobushushu echanileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhetha pyrometer echanekileyo. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Esi sixhobo linazo zombini iindidi zokuguqulwa:

• lobushushu Low. Kwiithemometha yale hlobo sokukala kuphela iqondo lobushushu bezinto ezimbi.
• lobushushu eliphezulu. Ezi zixhobo enze uvavanyo kuphela izinto ezishushu. Ngoko ke, izixhobo ezifana omnye parameters ibalulekileyo kumda lobushushu womlinganiselo.

uhlobo design

I sikali non-zomfowunelwa kwakhona zahlelwa ngokodidi isabelo:

1. imifuziselo eziphathekayo pocket amele ezahlukeneyo zezi zixhobo. izixhobo ezinjalo zibalulekile xa ubushushu womlinganiselo into xa wasilela ukuza kumgama eyaneleyo. Kwiithemometha elolu hlobo mayixhotyiswe screen encinane, likuvumela ukuba ukubonisa okubhaliweyo nolwazi graphic.
2. device umile. uhlobo pyrometers umile zisetyenziselwa imilinganiselo ephakamileyo-ngqo. izixhobo ezinjalo zifunwa amashishini amakhulu orhwebo, efuna esweni rhoqo lobushushu indices zemveliso.

Icebiso: Abasebenzi ezenza imilinganiselo ubushushu rhoqo kakhulu, kucetyiswa ukuba sinikele ingqalelo pyrometers infrared phambi kokuthenga isixhobo. It akuyiphazamisi, kwaye uthelekise iimpawu eziphambili kunye neendleko iisampula eziliqela ezifumanekayo kummandla wentengiso. Oku kulandelayo kunika inkcazelo emfutshane ngeentlobo ezine pyrometers infrared.

models ezinombala ofanayo

Infrared (ezinombala) pyrometer yokulinganisa ulophu. Le modeli akubizi, zezona ogqibeleleyo ukhetho ephathwayo. Umsebenzi wabo ilula kakhulu; kwanele ukucoca ithemometha kule nto kwaye cinezela iqhosha elililo. inzuzo yazo olungenangxaki ke uyakwazi ukwenza imilinganiselo lobushushu nakweyiphi mgama.

Ezi zixhobo kufuneka angabonisi inomlinganiselo ubukhulu be ningenabala, ethe kakhulu ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Kuyinto le olungabuy ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo imihlaba isicelo sabo, umzekelo, ngendlela nomsi okanye kufumile kakhulu igumbi umbala omnye pyrometer ngeke isebenze ngokuchanekileyo.

thermocouples infrared

Enye lula iintlobo pyrometers infrared i thermocouple. Eyona iphambili yale ifowuni kukungabikho elektroniki nobunzima kakhulu, nto leyo esetyenziselwa ikhulise umqondiso ezifunyenweyo. Oku waba inzuzo yakhe zingenakuphikwa, elibonelela ithuba elilodwa isicelo yesi sixhobo. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo thermocouple ilula: yemisebe iguqulelwa a non-linear uphawu thermocouple.

eziluncedo:

• ixabiso eliphantsi;
• ayahambisana oluhle izixhobo;
• balinganise iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ingaphezulu ngaphezu koko ezinye iimodeli.

Kwakhona sinikele ingqalelo iintsilelo. Enyanisweni, kukho iindidi ezimbini kuphela:

• Imposiso abangaphezu kwe-2%;
• uluhlu olubanzi ecacicleyo.

Umbala-ezimbini pyrometer - ntoni na?

Esi sixhobo esanda kutshanje. Le yinkqubo phambili ngakumbi, eligqala ixabiso ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ngamaza othe waphuma. Ubuhle bokuba bi-umbala pyrometer, nto leyo yahluke kakhulu ukusuka izixhobo zemveli infrared kukukwazi ukusebenza ezahlukeneyo spectra umbala. Ezi zikhombisi zikuvumela ukuba usebenzise esi sixhobo kwimimandla uyosuleleka, kuba akukho liyachatshazelwa bubukho kwamagciwane, ezifana umsi, igesi, umphunga kunye nabanye. Kwakhona, le pyrometer buyafuneka ukusebenza lokwanda kwabantu abamnyama, uya kugqiba kunye ngqo iqondo lobushushu intsimbi eqinileyo, adlulele ngurhulumente engamanzi.

pyrometers Fiber optic

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo ezi zixhobo efanayo a pyrometer oluqhelekileyo. Umahluko kuphela kukuba kukho intambo fibre optic, ngalo wobhobhozayo ukukhanya ihanjiswa. Abaxhamla kule uqwalaselo kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba intambo ungagotywa ezinemvume. Oku kwenza kube lula ukwenza imilinganiselo ubushushu kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni.

Ifayibha pyrometers optic ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo kunye entsimini high umoya, apho imodeli yemveli engenamandla ngokupheleleyo. Ezi zixhobo baxhotyiswa kujoliswe ezinzileyo. It ivumela ukuba umlinganiselo yemisebe ubushushu yamandla ndawo ubuncinane sangqa 0.1 mm. Noko ke, le kugxininiswa ubeka imiqathango kumgama; kuba umlinganiselo ngqo kuyimfuneko ukuba bagcine ngokucacileyo imiyalelo echazwe mgama.

laser pyrometer

Ukuze ukwenza imilinganiselo mgama, abalimi lubekwe pyrometers laser izinto. Baya kuza ngeendlela eziliqela.

1. isixhobo laser ne beam mnye kwenza kube lula ukuba ajolise ithemometha kuphela kuloo ndawo embindini ngamandla obushushu. Kuxhomekeka yemifanekiso data bezixhobo, uvakalelo kommandla zolahlekiso kuba 1-2 cm. Le isiphako kakhulu amaninzi zifumaneka izixhobo kangako.
2. Laser sikali ne beam ezimbini ukufumanisa ubungakanani kunye nendawo ku gqiba kulinganiswa. Sebenzisa kwi endhawini akunconywa, njengoko nezikhombisi rhoqo akabaxwa kakhulu.
3. ISetyhula imibombo - iingcinga echanekileyo esebenza ngempumelelo imigama ezahlukeneyo kunye nayiphi ubungakanani ndawo yokulinganisa.

umyalelo

Ngokuthenga kule fowuni, kufuneka uhlole ukuba ngaba kukho iseti lwemiyalelo. Ubushushu - device nobunzima kakhulu, yenjenjalo kunye nemisebenzi yabo iya kuba nzima ngokwaneleyo. Le ncwadana ichaza iingongoma ezibalulekileyo eziya kudingeka nokusebenza ngendlela efanelekileyo. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Isiphumo Types and software;
• iimpazamo data;
• parameter inertia;
• ukugxila uhlobo;
• unyango ubushushu;
• uluhlu ecacicleyo;
• emissivity, njl ..

Ukusetyenziswa pyrometers

pyrometers Infrared ezisetyenziswa kakhulu mveliso eyahlukeneyo:

• thermal amandla - xa indlela into eshushu akunakwenzeka;
• kushishino amandla - pyrometers zisetyenziswa esweni rhoqo yamaziko kunye nokhuseleko nomlilo ngethuba umsebenzi wabo;
• kwiimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo elebhu - kungekho ithuba uchukumisa into phantsi sifundo okanye kumetwa kwithempritsha yayo xa akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo;
• ekwakhiweni - pyrometers zisetyenziswa ukugqiba iindawo ufudumele emakhayeni kunye izakhiwo, ukusetyenziswa zokuhlala zoshishino, ngokunjalo-mbane zokufudumeza ukuze babone ngokukhawuleza mpumelelo.