Enoba zijongene ukufa ubushushu wendalo iphela?

"Ilanga liya kwenziwa mnyama, njengengubo erhwexayo yoboya, nenyanga ayiyi kunika ukukhanya kwayo ... nemikhosi ezulu aya kuzanyazanyiswa, kwaye zonke izinto ziya kuphelelwa ..." La mazwi athethwa phantse iminyaka engamawaka amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo, ngemifanekiso yokuluka echaza indlela kuya kubakho amaxesha isiphelo okanye ubushushu ukufa iphela. Kodwa emva kweenkulungwane elinesibhozo de abaphandi wasondela isifundo ingxaki esuka kwindawo umbono zenzululwazi. Eneneni, ngokukhawuleza nje abantu ukufumanisa ezingundoqo imithetho obizwa, umbuzo kungekudala kwafuneka ukuba zenzeke. Ngokusengqiqweni, ukuba umgaqo yendalo isebenza sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo, kutheni sicinge ukuba lo nguye lo mkhwa yokusebenza yonke indalo?

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala hypothesis zokufa ubushushu indalo le yonke yenziwe ubeke phambili nguWilliam Thompson ngo-1852, kodwa kamva, ngowe-1865, oko basebenzisane ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi R. Clausius. Yena extrapolated emajukujukwini umthetho wesibini obizwa. Ngokwalo mgaqo, yonke sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo idla ngokubhekiselele lizama, amandla radiation aguqulwa abe bubushushu. "Ukufa" livela xa ifikelela kwelona zinga entropy. Ngelo xesha, akukho exchange amandla akwenzeki, kuba sonke aguqulwa abe bubushushu. Yaye ekubeni akukho sizathu ukucinga ukuba ukongeza isithuba kukho nantoni na, ke ngoko, liphele Clausius, indalo yethu ukuze ziqwalaselwe njengoko sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo, kwaye kulo mthetho olufanayo.

Noko ke, Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho Thompson okanye Clausius wada ucingela ukuba kwenzeke ukufa ubushushu wendalo kamsinya, uqikelelo ka nkqu isiphelo elikude kakhulu ehlabathini inkathazeko ekuhlaleni lwezenzululwazi, kwaye yabangela ezininzi aphikise lo mbono. Ngowe-1872 isazinzulu Ludwig Boltzmann bathi nokunyuka. Ngokutsho kwakhe, yonke yethu inkulu kakhulu kwaye lunzima uyakufa ukufa lula ngolo hlobo. Usoloko wahlala kwaye iya kuhlala kwimo lizama isothermal, kodwa iinxalenye zayo zokhetho ukuthatha rhoqo ndawo, yaye ziya kusoloko ukutenxa kule meko. Oko kukuthi Ungqabhuko ezinjalo, Ungqabhuko zamandla akayi kuvumela ukuqalisa indlela lokutshintshela yonke indalo lwamandla kwilanga.

isayensi Modern iye kananjalo yaqinisekisa okanye umohlwayileyo hypothesis ukuba ukufa ubushushu wendalo yonke uya kufika nakanjani. Ingcamango the Big Bang ekuthiwa ngo-14 billion kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye kwanika ukonyuka kuye yonke into, loo nto ayithethi kuthi yonke isebenza kuphela CMB. Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo isiphumo variable intsimi omxhuzulane. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka theory Friedman: zizele bayavumelana into ekuyo yonke ayikho zokubhala, okanye ayanda okanye izivumelwano. Kwaye ukuba kunjalo, i entropy ukwanda akuthethi ukuba yonke inkqubo ukuba lwesilinganiso thermodynamic.

Ubushushu Ukufa Universe ingabizwa ibe umbuzo, kwaye ngokwembono ingcamango jikelele ka. Asikazi encinane kakhulu ehlabathini, ukuze aligwebe ngokuqiniseka okuphelele nokuba ihlabathi lethu ivalwe kwaye ingaba kukho ngaphaya nantoni na enye. Mhlawumbi ezinye imikhosi yangaphandle kunye neenkqubo? Imithetho yemvelo, siyazi, akukho mfuneko yokuba kufuneka ukuba isetyenziswe kwi kwisikali yendawo ongapheliyo, - zithi radiation of abavikeli ngonaphakade kwindalo iphela. Stars ukhanyise aze aphume, kodwa nkqubo zilingana, kodwa, nakuba kunjalo, oku kukhokelela ukufa ubushushu lonke.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ingqikelelo ukufa iphela iqinisekisiwe akukho okanye ukulahlwa inzululwazi yanamhlanje kunokwenzeka, umbuzo waqala ukwakha nje kuphela "yemvelo", kodwa "lacelwa". Ingakumbi bakhuthazwa kunokwenzeka ekutshatyalalisweni zonke ababhali fiction izinto eziphilayo yesayensi. Umzekelo, Ayzek Azimov waxela kwangaphambili isiphelo ngokoqobo ebandayo bonke ubomi ibali lakhe "Question Last". Ubushushu ukufa yonke imveliso zomgquba, waye sisiseko ezininzi kumabali Japanese iikhathuni anime series.