igama Dissonant, kodwa ulawulo ebalulekileyo yomthetho yoluntu kunye ngamazwe - Ubuyiselo lomhlaba. Yintoni na kwaye kusetyenziswa njani na - umxholo weli nqaku.
WokuBuyiselwa kwinkqubo yomthetho yamaRoma amandulo
Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba inkqubo mihla yezomthetho Western isekelwe phezu komthetho wamaRoma. Kwaba eseRoma okokuqala ezichongiweyo indawo yomthetho labucala kunye noluntu. ilungelo Civil - kodwa imigaqo elawula imicimbi yoluntu, apho amaRoma wangena, ukuquka ngenxa nowokupheliswa kwiintengiselwano. Nembuyekezo komthetho wamaRoma lalisetyenziswa njengoko mmiselo, esivumela praetor ukubuyisela imeko kwi imeko njengoko kwakunjalo phambi kokugqitywa yingisela. Ngenxa yale mvumelwano awubona mthethweni. Eli gama liguqulelwe Latin lithetha "ukululama," ukubuyela kwimeko yangaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yoko ngqo zidala kwentengiselwano baseRoma kwaba makazimisele ezo zinto. Kuthetha ntoni oku kuthetha ku umkhuba? Praetor kwiimeko ezizodwa bakwazi ukuza kwisigqibo sokuba usebenziswano uyenzileyo le nto, ngoko ukuwabona njengento mthethweni, yaye iqela ngalinye wafumana into anayo kuye.
umthetho civil Russian
WokuBuyiselwa emthethweni yoluntu ye-Russian Federation ezikhuphile utshintsho abanye umxholo wayo. INkundla nilenze izivumelwano, uze kungena ukusebenza ngemiphumo semthethweni yaso. Ngokusekelwe yokuba kokugqitywa intengiselwano ukusuka ekuqaleni oyike ngokusemthethweni, iqela ngalinye kufuneka abuyele impahla yabo.
Ukuba sithetha ngayo ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo, imisebenzi, kufuneka ukuba kubonelelwa ngokwemimiselo yezemali. Ngoko ke, ukubuya nempahla kwendlela ezimbini intengiselwano, nto leyo ithathwa njengento mthethweni. Imvelaphi ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuba impahla angayimiseli. Naye, umntu ngamnye ufumana ntoni impahla, leyo bezibambe imvumelwano ezisayiniweyo. Lo mmiselo uqalisa ukusebenza, kwanokuba omnye amaqela akanawo amalungelo kwipropati leyo iye yakhutshelwa ngesivumelwano. Umzekelo, ezilishumi elivisayo wathengisa isithuthuthu kayise. Ekuhambeni okubuyiswa propati ubuyiselwe kuye, nangona yena na umnini lokwenene.
Indlela yesibini - lobuKatolika zembuyekezo. Lubonakala yi imbuyekezo ayimali imisebenzi, iinkonzo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwepropati, leyo yenzeka ngenxa naziphi bezomthetho. Kwakhona, eli lungiselelo uqalisa ukusebenza, ukuba ipropati ithe yatshintshelwa kwiqela lesithathu okanye utshatyalaliswe, zonakale.
ukubuyiselwa Single-enamehlo kabini kabini kumthetho wembambano le Russian Federation
I-Code Civil ichaza ntlobo zilandelayo okubuyiswa: indlela-nye ndlela mbini. Le yokugqibela kusetyenziswa xa kuthe ngasinye amaqela zokwakha ubuhlobo zomthetho, akukho kakubi, kodwa ulwaphulo mthetho lwenzeke khona, ezifana: ukungaphumeleli ukwenza imithetho yobhaliso karhulumente, ukuya ngaphaya umthamo ngokusemthethweni iqumrhu elisemthethweni okanye igunya elilinganiselweyo ukungena yingisela. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, lobuKatolika mazwe kubandakanya ukubuyela nxaxheba ngamnye wo yingisela na impahla yayo yoqobo okanye imbuyekezo.
Kwimeko apho kukho ubudlelwane elisemthethweni evela kwenye nxaxheba baye kakubi, nokusebenzisa izisongelo, ukukhohlisa okanye ugonyamelo, uqalisa ukusebenza lobuKatolika ngomoya omnye. Oku kubonisa ukuba impahla yabo okanye imbuyekezo ziya kufumana kuphela ixhoba, a bona iqela ezinyanisekileyo. Iinqobo yomnye umntu, kuba impahla karhulumente okanye urhulumente afumane imbuyekezo ngenxa yabo ngokwemimiselo yezemali.
imiphumo ezongezelelweyo impahla lwentengiselwano ayisebenzi
Kwezinye iimeko, ngexesha okubuyiselwa wenkundla oqeshwe nemiphumo impahla olongezelelweyo. Ukuze ukubeka nje, ukuba ujonge imbuyekezo ukuba kunokwenzeka ilahleko ingeniso okanye ilahleko ekungenwe kuzo ngexesha intengiselwano omnye amaqela. Umzekelo, ipropati nga kuqhutywa yi-otyalayo kangangexesha elithile, kungenjalo babeya waqeshisa ngaso. Ngoko ke, lo mali yenzuzo elingasetyenziswanga kufuneka lihlawule zentendelezo.
Ingakumbi oku kusebenza transactions ezenziwe abantwana okanye ekhubazekile, ukuze ngenxa yeemeko Injongo nako ukubala zonke iilahleko izinto engena kubudlelwane ngokusemthethweni ukuthenga nokuthengisa, irenti njalo ngo. Kodwa kwindawo inye ukubala abanye ngendlela umntu okwaziyo ukungenisa ibango enkundleni.
Amatyala apho imbuyekezo akwenzeki
Siye safumanisa ukuba babuyiselwe - ukubuyiselwa amalungelo obunini okanye imbuyekezo kwiimeko apho intengiselwano njengongasebenziyo. Umthetho ubonelela imeko apho ngokuphathelele macala elinye okanye zombini akanako ukwenziwa makazimisele ezo zinto. Yintoni na le meko? Ukuba intengiselwano imbala, kodwa wabonisa ukuba omnye okanye bobabini iqumrhu elisemthethweni waphula umyalelo osemthethweni kunye iziseko yokuziphatha, ngabom, lugonyamelo okanye ezinye iindlela ezingekho mthethweni, ipropati yonke okanye imbuyekezo yemali zidluliselwe kurhulumente. Oko kukuthi, ubudlelwane kwipropathi nya, kodwa omnye amaqela, kwaye kuyenzeka ukuba zombini balahlekelwe ipropati okanye imali yasetyenziswa kwezi ndlela.
Imiqathango ekusetyenzisweni kwemigaqo okubuyiselwa kwi-Code Civil
Kukho izibonelo zomthetho ezinxulumene invalidation bentengiselwano, imiphumo eziye kuchatshazelwa izilangazelelo zabanye ezininzi okanye kuluntu lonke. Ngokufuthi ezikuchaphazela nolwalamano zoqoqosho ezikhoyo zorhwebo. Umzekelo, kukho intengiso okungekho mthethweni lweshishini. Ukuba akukho mthethweni yaye zonke ezinye ubudlelwane zomthetho ezivele ekuthatheni inxaxheba yakhe, iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Ngoko ke, kukho tangle ephikisanayo, ezo zifundo ze neminye imibutho emininzi kunye neemfuno zabo zabucala kwezoqoqosho. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oko ayiboneleli ihambo makayimisele, njengoko kugxobha amalungelo abanye abathathi yobudlelwane zomthetho.
Umda isicelo kwemithetho okubuyiswa
Umthetho umisela umda ixesha apho ummangali angenza isicelo enkundleni ukuba ukuqondwa kwe intengiselwano null and void kunye yokubuyiselwa. Ukuba intengiselwano laqukumbela kukwaphula umthetho okanye abantu imilwelwe, kwafuneka womlinganiswa ocingelwayo - ibizwa zingabalulekanga. Kwiminyaka elishumi ukususela ekuqaleni lokubulawa wayo ukumangalela invalidation kunye nesicelo imiphumo oku, oko kukuthi makayimisele. Ukuba umenzi-sicelo isicelo ukuqaphela isivumelwano ayisebenzi voidable, njengoko Kwagqitywa ngokusebenzisa koxinzelelo okanye ngenkohliso, kufuneka afake isicelo kwisithuba sonyaka omnye emva ekuyekeni uxinzelelo phezu kwakhe okanye ukufumana ubuqhetseba kwisivumelwano. Ukophulwa umthetho iintsilelo kwenza kube nzima ukuba siqwalasele ezi amatyala embambano enkundleni.
Imithetho on nembuyekezo eMpuma Yurophu
Xa amazwe zeMpuma Yurophu emva kokuwa kwenkqubo yali ukuba phantse jikelele bamkela imithetho ezibonelela ngenxa yembuyekezo. Kuthetha ntoni oku kuthetha ku umkhuba? Kuqala awaziwa yi nokungalali ngokungekho mthethweni yonke impahla abemi kwixesha ukususela 1917 ukuya 1945. Oku kwenza ukuba bangene force imiphumo yipropathi ukuqatshelwa intengiselwano olungasebenziyo. Kule aseBalti, i-Czech Republic iHungary, kwakukho iliza lokubuya ubunzima ngokungekho mthethweni wathathwa inzala impahla abanini bangaphambili. Ngoko, abantu abaninzi izakhiwo zokuhlala endala e Riga kumangaliswa kukufumanisa ukuba uphila ipropati yomnye kwaye kufuneka akuhlawule irente ezindlini zabo ukuze abanini ezintsha, okanye bafudukele ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye akukho mda ngokomthetho apha azithathelwa ngqalelo. Xa ukukhanya iziganeko zakutshanje eUkraine, amagqwetha amaninzi wayengaqinisekanga kakhulu malunga iliza enkulu okubuyiswa kweli lizwe.