Ucalulo bezinto - ubuchule Rubinstein

Ngokufanelekileyo elula, kodwa inkqubo ukuhlola imeko yabantu ngokwasengqondweni, kusetyenziswa zombini eRashiya nakumazwe aphesheya kakuhle kakhulu, ezinikwa compatriot lwethu - Isazinzulu Sergey Leonidovich Rubinstein. Indlela "zokuhlela yezinto" wadala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, kugcina imeko yalo njengelinye kakhulu zithandwa bengqondo mihla.

ubuntu creator

Sergey Leonidovich Rubinstein - enye izazinzulu ezininzi ebalaseleyo Russian zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kummandla bulumko kwengqondo. Ngokusekelwe inkqubo iimbono bulumko kwindalo ngokwasengqondweni babantu, Rubinstein ukwazile ukwakha ukukhulelwa yentanda nangokwasengqondweni womntu. Sishwankathela umsebenzi-zokuziphatha, abazi, ngokomoya yaye zengqondo kubomi bomntu.

Rubinstein uphando kunye yadibanisa ngolu ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo ziye zenza isiseko sophuhliso psychology, kokubini eRashiya ehlabathini. Umzekelo, indlela "Classification zezinto" lisetyenziswa ukuvavanya zabantu nezengqondo ngalo mzuzu.

Ngelishwa, Sergey Leonidovich wanyanzeleka ukuba ziphazamise umsebenzi wakhe zenzululwazi - kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe nxamnye "cosmopolitans" yaba isizathu ukugxothwa kwakhe.

Enye yeziphumo zomsebenzi ngocoselelo ka S. L.Rubinshteyna i inkqubo ekuchongeni ukungaqheleki ngokwasengqondweni, osihloko sithi "Classification bezinto" - njengobuchule evumela, xa kwiimvavanyo ezilula kukuhlalutya nezengqondo yomntu. Le nkqubo ocetywayo yi K. Goldstein, njengoko iqulunqwe L. S. Vygotskim, B. V. Zeygarnik kunye S. L.Rubinshteynom.

uphuhliso psychopathology

Khetha psychopathology kwisebe eyahlukileyo inzululwazi unyanzelekile zeziganeko kwinkulungwane yama-yamashumi amabini. iimfazwe olunegazi asakhulayo ukusuka izifo ekuliwa, ebonakaliswa notyeshelo imisebenzi yokucinga kwakhokelela imfuneko ukufumana iindlela ezintsha ukujongana ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

iisayikholojisti abaziwayo, izazinzulu, kuquka S. L. Rubinshteyn, wanceda ukuvuselela izigulane kwizibhedlele zomkhosi. izifundo zabo zovavanyo abenze igalelo elikhulu ngenzululwazi ngokwasengqondweni kazwelonke, kwakunye kwinkqubo yofezekiso uloyiso.

Kwaba ngexesha Second World War ziye elaye data gqitha ngezinto engunobangela inzululwazi pathopsychological, kwakheka njenge Institute eyahlukileyo yolwazi kuphela 80s, yaye liphuhlise "Classification bezinto" - njengobuchule evumela, xa uhlalutyo elula ukuchonga izifo zengqondo kwesi sifundo.

Imithetho-siseko ye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo

nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo Lulwalathiso enomahluko kwengqondo onyango.

• Isifundo yophononongo - iingxaki zengqondo kunye nezifo.
• Lo msebenzi - ukuchonga unobangela esi sifo, ngesidanga zokuqhubela phambili ukufumana iindlela ukunyanga esi sifo.
• Methods - Uhlalutyo engqondweni iimvavanyo kukuhlalutya nezengqondo yomntu, ukuchonga izakhono ukwamkela iyantlukwano, ukuchonga izinto, ukucinga.

Omnye ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabo i "Classification bezinto" - njengobuchule yabhalwa S. L. Rubinshteynom ukuchonga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ebantwini, ingakumbi, iingxaki ekuqiqeni nakwingqiqo.

Uhlalutyo indlela - lokulinga. Mu kuya kwa nshita izixhobo classical sengqondo - test, olu lingelo akukho xesha limisiweyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izibonisi ezifana kuvumela ixesha sabelo, kuxhomekeka iqondo ukuntsonkotha msebenzi, ukuba benze izigqibo ezithembekileyo malunga nezengqondo kwesi sifundo.

Ixabiso Indlela "Classification bezinto"

"Ulwahlulo bezinto" - bubuchule eyenzelwe kukuhlalutya yoxinaniso kovavanyo, ngokunjalo ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo iyonke. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindlela - .. "izinto kungaKhethi", apho kugxininiswa sibhekiswe ekuhlalutyeni umntu ukucinga, ukwenzeka uphando Yindibanisela izindululo kubo, oko kukuthi, yi induction, indlela yokuhlela ibandakanya uhlalutyo aqale. Inkqubo ye 'yokuhlela "zezinto ixesha elide kunokuba" ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle "zabo. Kulo mba, umxholo ekufuneka ngokufumaneka eliphezulu.

inkxaso lwemethodoloji

Namhlanje, nganye kwiziko lokuqala ukhathalelo lwempilo, kwakunye eziguqulweyo kunye nezikolo ukulungiselela isifundo nezengqondo abantu basebenzisa indlela 'ukuhlelwa izinto. " izinto isivuseleli esetyenziselwa uhlalutyo - sinendawo of amakhadi anemifanekiso ehambelana ukuya mood nezengqondo malunga nesigulane eso. Ngokutsho imithombo eyahlukeneyo, kumgangatho kufuneka luqulathe amakhadi 68-70. Ngenxa yokuba le yokuzoba lingaphuculwa rhoqo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba inani labo liya ngokuthe linokwanda okanye linciphe.

Eyona engundoqo imeko yokuba izinto lwemethodoloji - ukusetyenziswa amakhadi isampula lusekiwe. Image, Izibetho esisiseko kulo mfanekiso, umbala wayo kunye nenkangeleko, kwaye iphepha kufuneka kwenziwe ngokungqinelana elabhoratri kuphuhliswa psychopathology umfuniselo Institute of Psychiatry, RSFSR Ministry of template lezeMpilo. Ekubeni zonke kwezi zalathisi zibalulekile kwi umfuniselo, iziphumo zophando olwenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa amakhadi musa ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho akuvumelekile.

amakhadi picture gumbini

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indlela "Ukuhlelwa imifanekiso zezinto" yathotyelwa kwimeko maxesha - yaphakanyiswa endaweni umfanekiso kwikhadi ngamazwi ahambelanayo. Amava abonisa ukuba le ndlela "Classification Amagama" features ukugwegweleza lula, kodwa kunzima ingqondo nenkumbulo.

Uluhlu lwamagama (imizekelo):

• apile;

• TV;
• lantern et al.

Umyalelo

su 'Classification zezinto "yenye yezona ndlela ilula ukuchonga ukungaqheleki engqondweni. Imiyalelo isifundo:

• Inyathelo 1: "imfundiso Deaf" - ezi zifundo bacelwa ukuba ukusasaza amakhadi elungiselelwe olu lingelo, amaqela. Kolu vavanyo ayiniki miyalelo icacileyo ngendlela, koko iikhrayitheriya kufuneka adityaniswe kwezi ingqiqo amakhadi efundisa. Ukuba isifundo ubuza umbuzo malunga nendlela ukwenza amaqela, umphathi experiment kufuneka siphakamise ukuba abhekisele kuphela izimvo zabo.
• Inyathelo 2 Uvavanyo Peridicheskaya - intloko experiment kukuba ukuyibuza loo mxholo iikhrayitheriya ngokwamaqela. Zonke iingxelo kufuneka zibhalwe kwifom Qwalasela. Ukuba ukuyilwa amaqela lwaqhutywa ngenxa yokuba inkokeli criteria oluchanekileyo kufuneka bamdumise okanye bagxeke umsebenzi kwesi sifundo. Uvavanyo reaction kufuneka kwakhona ilungiswe ngohlobo wolawulo.
• Inyathelo 3: Head iceba ukuba angene liqela namakhadi abo ezinkulu. Iikhrayitheriya ngokubanzi lisekwaqhuba ukuba uvavanyo.

Ngaphezu koko, uhlolo iziphumo zomsebenzi.

Features psychopathology labantwana

su "Classification zezinto" sele inikezelwe isifundo nezengqondo abantwana. "Kids" uguqulelo malunga uphando ayahlukanga ukusuka "abadala". Okungaqhelekanga kuphela linani amakhadi. Ukusebenza nabantwana, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala lwabo, kufuneka lisuswe kumgangatho onke amakhadi kunye nemifanekiso, bengazi umntwana. Kwimeko sokugqitywa ngempumelelo kovavanyo, njengoko umfuniselo, yaye zijongisise umgangatho wophuhliso wayo ukunikela ukongeza nganye amaqela ikhadi "abadala", qiniseka ukuba ndifumane isigqibo seengcinga ukukhetha elinye okanye elinye iqela lamntu.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ngokwasengqondweni phezulu, zengqondo kunye nexesha elide, uthe indlela kunqabile isetyenziselwa uhlalutyo nezengqondo abantwana. Ngaphandle kuba izifundo yeenkqubo seSkitsofreniya. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuphumeza ukusebenza enokuthenjwa kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela ile - ngokuhlelwa kunye nokukhutshelwa olulandelayo izifundo.

Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa data uvavanyo

iingxaki zophuhliso zengqondo ngezinga eliphezulu kumagqirha amathuba usabonisa ubuchule «Ukuhlelwa izinto." Ukutolikwa iziphumo ibonisa ubukho sifo, kwaye kuxhomekeke zinto zilandelayo:

1. Ukukhetha olulugileyo isimo yokuhlela.

2. Ukugcina iqela Ukwakheka.

Kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo ingqiqo yesithuba sokukhetha imifanekiso reference le okanye elo qela. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye izifundo kwaziwe ukuba izixhobo icephe kuba inokubanceda amabhinqa iikawusi darn kwaye Isicoci - kubasebenzi bezempilo, ebhekisela inzalo.

Kufuneka kwakhona ayiqwalasele ubungqola ngayo umxholo ubonisa ingongoma yakhe.

Correlating iziphumo ubuchule kwengqondo

Idatha afunyenwe ngenxa ndlela 'izinto yokuhlela "athathiweyo ukuze uhlaziye idatha ngokusebenzisa indlela prism" izinto ngaphandle ", njengoko ezimbini ekhankanywe inkqubo yokuphonononga imeko psychological yabantu ejoliswe ukufunda ndlela kwande. Afunyenwe ngenxa yokuphumeza ulwazi ubonisa umfanekiso epheleleyo patopsihologicheskih ngamnye.

Kwakhona sebenzisa indlela elikhankanyiweyo kunokwenzeka nabanye uvavanyo kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba xa umntu izifo zengqondo, ngalunye analyses zifuna isixa esikhulu iindleko zabasebenzi, ngokunxulumene ngayo ukwanela kulingo ngalunye ezilandelayo lingaya lisehla ngokwehla.

Kakade ke, olu lingelo kunye nocazululo lweziphumo zalo kufuna ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nezakhono. Noko ke, ukuba isigqibo sokuba iqalise le Ucazululo ngokupheleleyo kuphuhliso nangokwasengqondweni umntwana, unako ukusebenzisa indlela "Classification zezinto." Kakade ke, abangayi kuba nako ukufumana iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo, kodwa ukuba bazalise ixesha lokudlala imisebenzi yabo iya kuba luncedo kakhulu.