Ucwaningo lwe-FHD - yintoni na? Iimpawu kunye neziqhelo

Ngokuqhelekileyo oogqirha banika izigulane zabo ukuba baphumelele uviwo lwe-FVD. Yintoni na? Ziziphi iziphumo ezijongwa njengesiqhelo? Ziziphi izifo kunye neengxaki ezinokuthi zifumaneke ngale ndlela? Le mibuzo inomdla kuninzi.

FVD - yintoni na?

I-FVD isigxina, esimele "umsebenzi wokuphefumula ngaphandle". Ukufunda okunjalo kwenza kube lula ukuphonononga umsebenzi wendlela yokuphefumula. Ngokomzekelo, ngoncedo lwakhe ugqirha ugqiba ukuba umoya ungena njani kwimiphunga yesigulane kwaye uphuma. Ukongezelela, ngexesha lokuvavanya, kunokwenzeka ukuhlalutya utshintsho kwindleko yokuhamba emoyeni kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo yokuphefumula. Ngaloo ndlela, isifundo sinceda ukuvavanya amandla okwenyuka kwemiphunga.

Kubaluleka kwe-FVD kwiyeza zanamhlanje

Enyanisweni, ukubaluleka kwesi sifundo akunakuze kuvezwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga izifo ezahlukeneyo zokuphefumula. Kodwa uluhlu lwesicelo lwenkqubo lubanzi. Ngokomzekelo, i-spirometry iyimfuneko, uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo kubantu abasebenza kwiimeko eziyingozi. Ukongezelela, iziphumo zolu hlalutyo zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza komntu, ukugqiba ukufaneleka kwayo ukusebenza kummandla othile weemeko.

Isifundo sisetyenziselwa ukujonga okuqilileyo, njengoko kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya izinga lokuphuhliswa kwesifo, kunye neziphumo zonyango. Kwezinye iimeko, uhlalutyo lwe-FVD lisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga izifo ezithintekayo, kuba uvumela umntu ukuba alandele umphumo wezinto kwiindlela zokuphefumula. Kwezinye iimeko, ubuninzi be-spirometry bemihlali baqhutyelwa ukuchonga isimo sempilo sabemi beendawo ezithile okanye indawo eziphilayo.

Iimpawu zokuhlalutya

Ngoko, isifundo sincoma izigulane nge-asthma esicatshulwayo, i-bronchitis engapheliyo okanye nayiphina isifo esingapheliyo kwinkqubo ye-bronchopulmonary. Iimpawu zokuhlalutya nazo zikhwehlela ezingapheliyo, ukuhlaselwa rhoqo kwe-dyspnea. Ukongezelela, isifundo sisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga izilonda ze-pulmonary, ezinokuquka i-pulmonary arterial thrombosis, i-pulmonary hypertension, njl njl. Iziphumo ze-FVD zibalulekile ukonyango oluchanekileyo lwezifo ezithile ze-thoraco-diaphragmatic, kubandakanya ukukhuluphala okuhambisane ne-alveolar hypoventilation, kunye ne-humvelar moorings, izifo ezahlukeneyo Ukuhamba kunye nokukhawuleka komgudu, ukukhubazeka kwe-neuromuscular. Kwezinye iimeko, uhlalutyo lulawulwa zizigulane ukwenzela ukuvavanya ukuphumelela kwimiqathango yonyango ekhethiweyo.

Indlela yokulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo isifundo

Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo, kubalulekile ukulandela iingcebiso ezithile phambi kokuqhuba i-HPF. Ziyintoni imithetho yoqeqesho? Enyanisweni, into yonke ilula - kufuneka udale izimo zokuphefumula okungapheliyo. I-Spirometry, njengomthetho, iqhutyelwa kwisisu esingenanto. Ukuba isifundo silungiselelwe ukuhlwa kwemini okanye kusihlwa, ngoko unokuthatha ukutya okulula, kodwa kungekudala emva kweeyure ezimbini phambi kovavanyo. Ukongeza, awukwazi ukutshaya iiyure ezingama-4 ukuya kutsho ngaphambi kokuba uphando. Kuyafana nokusebenza ngokomzimba - ubuncinane ngosuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuba i-FVD ugqirha ugunyaze umsebenzi wokunciphisa umzimba, ukukhansela uqeqesho okanye ukugijima kwelanga, njl. Iziphumo zeso sifundo zinokuchaphazela kunye neminye imichiza. Ngaloo mini, ngomhla weenkqubo, akunakwenzeka ukuthatha imishanguzo enokuchaphazela ukuxhatshazwa kwendlela yokuphefumula, kuquka neziyobisi ezivela kwiqela le-beta-blockers ne-bronchodilators. Kukho nawuphi na, qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha malunga neziyobisi ozithathayo.

Inkcazelo yenkqubo

Uphando aluthathi ngaphezu kweyure. Ukuqala, ugqirha ngokucophelela ulinganisa ubude kunye nesisindo somguli. Emva koko, umntu ohlolwayo ubeka ekhaleni ngeempumlo ezikhethekileyo-ngale ndlela, unokuphefumula kuphela ngomlomo wakhe. Emlonyeni, isigulane sinomlomo okhethekileyo ophefumulayo - uqhagamshelwe kwintetho ekhethekileyo ebhala zonke izikhombisi. Okokuqala, ugqirha ulandela umjikelezo oqhelekileyo wokuphefumla. Emva koko, isigulane kufuneka senze ukuhamba komphefumlo othile - kuqala uthathe inhalation ejulile, ngoko uzama ukukhupha umoya ophezulu. Isicwangciso esinjalo kufuneka siphindwe kaninzi.

Phantse emva kwemizuzu eyi-15-20 ingcali inokukunika iziphumo ze-FVD. Isiqhelo apha sixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya isondo. Ngokomzekelo, umthamo wesiphelo samadoda kumyinge wama-6.4 wamitha, kunye nabasetyhini - 4.9 ilitha. Kukho nawuphi na, iziphumo zohlalutyo ziya kufuneka ziboniswe kudokotela, kuba nje yena uyazi indlela yokuchonga ngokufanelekileyo i-FVD. Ukuqokwa kwamagama kuya kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwerimenki yonyango.

Uphando olongezelelweyo

Kwimeko apho i-classical scheme ye-spirometry ibonisa ukuba kukho ukuphambukiswa okuthile, ezinye iintlobo zee-FVD zingenziwa. Ziziphi ezi mvavanyo? Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isigulane sinemiqondiso ethile yokuphazamiseka kwemiphumo yokuphuza umoya, unikezelwa ngokukhethekileyo kwiqela lama-bronchodilators phambi koviwo.

"I-FVD ne-bronchodilator-yintoni na?" - uyabuza. Kulula: eli liyeza lisiza ukwandisa i-airways, emva koko uhlalutyo lwenziwe kwakhona. Le nkqubo yenza kube lula ukuvavanya umlinganiselo wokubuyiswa kokuphulwa komthetho. Kwezinye iimeko, amandla okwehlukana kwemiphunga uphando kwakhona - olu hlalutyo lunika ukuqikelelwa ngokuchanekileyo kokusebenza komlenze we-alveolar-capillary. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banqumanisa amandla emisipha yokuphefumula okanye okubizwa ngokuba ngumbane wemiphunga.

Ukungqinelana kwi-HPP

Ngokuqinisekileyo, olu phofu lunemiqathango emininzi, kuba kungekhona zonke izigulana ezinokudlula ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yazo. Emva koko, ngexesha lokuphefumula okuhlukahlukeneyo, ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha yokuphefumula kuyabonwa, umthwalo okhulayo kwi-osteo-ligamentous device of thorax, kunye nokwanda kwe-intracranial, intra-esiswini kunye ne-intrathoracic ingcinezelo.

I-Spirometry iyachaswa kwizigulana ezithe zafumana ingenelelo lotyando, kubandakanywa uphenyo lwe-ophthalmic, kwiimeko ezinjalo kubalulekile ukulinda ubuncinane iiveki ezintandathu. Ukuchasana kukwabandakanya i-myocardial infarction, i-stroke, i-aneurysm kunye nezinye izifo zendlela yokujikeleza. Uhlalutyo aluqhutyelwa ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokuphefumula kubantwana benkwenkwezi yabantu abadala kunye nabantu abadala (iminyaka engaphezu kwe-75). Izigulane ezinokuhluthwa, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neengxaki zengqondo aziqeshwanga.

Ngaba zikhona iziphumo ezibi?

Izigulane ezininzi zinomdla ukuba ngaba uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka lungakhokelela ekuhlalutheni kwe-HPV. Ziziphi iimpendulo ezimbi? Kuyingozi kangakanani le nkqubo? Enyanisweni, isifundo, ngokuthobela ukuthotyelwa kwayo yonke imigaqo esisiseko, ngokukhuselekileyo isigulane. Ngenxa yokufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo umntu ngexesha le nkqubo kufuneka aphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphefumula ukuphefumula ngokuphelelwa ngunyanzeliso, kunokuba nobuthakathaka obuncinane kunye noxinzelelo. Musa ukwesaba, ngenxa yokuba ezi mpawu zecala zanyamalala ngokwazo emva kwemizuzu embalwa. Ezinye izinto ezinqwenelekayo zingabonakala ngexesha lokuhlaziywa kwe-HPP ngesampuli. Ziziphi iimpawu? I-bronchodilators inokubangela ukugubungela okuncane emlenzeni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iintliziyo ziyaphala. Kodwa, kwakhona, ezi ngxaki zihamba zodwa emva kokuba inkqubo igqityiwe.