Uhlalutyo FMEA: Umzekelo yesicelo

kuvela iziphene kuyilo ukuvelisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Yintoni umphumo? Nomakhi ithwala ilahleko ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo, uhlolo kunye notshintsho zoyilo. Noko ke, - hayi yinkqubo ongalawulekiyo. Ukuvavanya izisongelo kunokwenzeka kunye semngciphekweni, kwakunye ekuhlalutyeni iziphene ezinokubakho ukuze aphazamise nokusebenza kwezixhobo, ungasebenzisa uhlalutyo FMEA.

Kuba okokuqala le ndlela lokuvandlakanya iye yasetyenziswa kwi US ngo-1949. Emva koko ke kusetyenziswa kuphela kushishino yasemkhosini kuyilo kwezixhobo ezintsha. Noko ke, iimbono FMEA 70 ezibe entsimini bemibutho emikhulu. Omnye siqala inkampani technology i Ford (ngelo xesha - umenzi inkulu imoto).

Namhlanje FMEA-analysis indlela lisetyenziswa phantse yonke umatshini-ukwakha kwamashishini. Imigaqo esisiseko yolawulo lomngcipheko kunye nocazululo ukungaphumeleli yezizathu ezichazwe kwi GOST R 51901.12-2007.

Inkcazo kunye kakuhle indlela

FMEA - segama mode Ukusilela and Analysis Effect. Oku - netheknoloji uhlalutyo iintlobo kunye neziphumo lokungaphumeleli kunokwenzeka (iziphene, ngenxa apho into ithe amandla yalo likwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yalo). Yintoni na le ndlela? Inika inkampani ithuba kusengaphambili iingxaki ezinokubakho kunye ukungasebenzi kakuhle nangona kwibakala yoyilo lo. Xa kuhlalutywa umenzi ifumana ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo:

• uluhlu iziphene ezinokubakho kunye ukungasebenzi kakuhle;
• Uhlalutyo oonobangela kwazo, bawayo neziphumo;
• iingcebiso ukunciphisa iingozi ukuze kuqalwe;
• uphononongo olupheleleyo ukhuseleko nokuthembeka iimveliso neenkqubo ngokubanzi.

Idatha efunyenwe kuhlalutyo zibhalwa. Zonke iziphene ufunyaniswe ze wafunda zahlulwa yi elihlabayo, lula bhaqwa, maintainability namatyeli ingenzeka. Umsebenzi ophambili - ukuqaphela iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke kwaye ziya kuchaphazela abathengi zenkampani.

Scope FMEA-analysis

Le ndlela yophando lisetyenziswa phantse zonke kwiinkalo zobugcisa, ezifana:

• elishishina ngezithuthi kwaye imikhumbi;
• imboni aerospace;
• chemical and petroleum;
• wokwakha;
• nokuveliswa kwezixhobo mveliso kunye noomatshini.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubuchule uvavanyo lomngcipheko nalapha ngaphakatyhi isicelo kwicandelo non-lemveliso - umzekelo kulawulo kunye nokuthengisa.

FMEA enokwenziwa kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelo wobomi imveliso. Noko ke, uninzi uhlalutyo yenzelwa phezu kweqonga wophuhliso nemveliso uguqulelo kancinane, kwakunye esebenzisa izakhiwo ezikhoyo kwindawo entsha.

iintlobo

Ngoncedo lobuchwepheshe FMEA yokufunda kuphela iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo, kodwa iinkqubo zolawulo zenkampani, imveliso kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso. Kwimeko nganye, le indlela uye iimpawu zayo ezithile. Uhlalutyo angase:

• iinkqubo zobugcisa;
• izakhiwo kunye neemveliso;
• Iinkqubo zemveliso, izixhobo, Ukufakelwa nokugcinwa kweemveliso.

Xa dyondza ndlela emisela umngcipheko zokungathotyelwa, ingxaki kwenzeka ngexesha ukusebenza, kwakunye nomonakalo ukunciphiseka nkonzo. Oku kuthatha zibe iimpahla eziphathekayo akhawunti, wew geometry we ngesakhiwo, iimpawu zayo, ujongano intsebenziswano nezinye iinkqubo.

FMEA-analysis yenkqubo utyhila ukungangqinelani okuthile luchaphazela umgangatho kunye nokukhuseleka kwemveliso. Ikwaqwalasela ulwaneliseko akhawunti yomthengi kunye kwiingozi zezendalo. Apha, iingxaki esinokubakho kuye lomntu (umzekelo, abasebenzi inkampani), ubugcisa bemveliso, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezixhobo, iinkqubo, ifuthe kokusingqongileyo yokulinganisa.

Isifundo kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo:

• "Top-phantsi" (ukususela kwiinkqubo amakhulu iinkcukacha amancinci kunye nezinto);
• A "ezantsi ukuya phezulu" (ukusuka iimveliso ngamnye iinxalenye zayo kwinkqubo yemveliso).

Ukukhetha luxhomekeke kwinjongo analysis. Kunokuba ube yinxalenye isifundo ebanzi, ukongeza kwezinye iindlela, okanye kusetyenziswa njengesixhobo yakuma wedwa.

zokukhula

Enoba imisebenzi ethile, FMEA-uhlalutyo ngoonobangela kunye neziphumo isahlakalo banokusilela ebanjwe algorithm jikelele. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha ezininzi kule nkqubo.

Amalungiselelo yeqela ingcali

Okokuqala, kufuneka wenze isigqibo ngubani oza kuqhuba isifundo. Ukubambisana - enye siseko ephambili FMEA. Kuphela le fomati inika umgangatho kunye iinxa zonke iimviwo, kwakunye ukwenza isithuba iingcamango ezingaqhelekanga. Njengoko umthetho, iqela lenziwa ngabantu 5-9. Oku kuquka:

• Manager Project;
• injineli, enza inkqubo yophuhliso;
• engineer design;
• ummeli we iinkonzo zemveliso okanye ulawulo olusemgangathweni;
• iSebe lisebenza kunye nabasebenzisi.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlalutyo kwezakhiwo kunye neenkqubo unokubekwa ziingcali abaqeqeshiweyo kwimibutho engaphandle. Ingxoxo iingxaki kunokwenzeka kunye nezisombululo kwenzeka kuthotho iiseshoni ithatha iiyure 1.5. Bangakwazi yenziwe ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kubume engaphelelanga (ukuba ubukho ziingcali ezithile akukho mfuneko ukusombulula imiba yangoku).

Isifundo yeprojekthi

Ukwenza analysis FMEA kuyimfuneko ukuchonga ngokucacileyo into yokufunda kunye nemida yayo. Ukuba sithethe ngayo inkqubo, kufuneka inyule ukuqala kunye isiganeko sokugqibela. Kuba izixhobo kunye nezakhiwo zonke lula - unako ukujonga kuzo iindlela ezintsonkothileyo okanye ugxininise iindlela ezithile kunye namacandelo. Mismatches kunokuthathwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ibakala umsebenzisi-nkonzo lomjikelo wobomi imveliso, ukuma, ukusetyenziswa njalo njalo. D.

Kweli nqanaba, amalungu eqela ingcali ye kufuneka inkcazelo eneenkcukacha into, imisebenzi yayo kunye nemigaqo zokusebenza. Iingcaciso kufuneka zifikeleleke neqondakalayo onke amalungu eqela. imiboniso Ngokuqhelekileyo iseshoni yokuqala yabanjwa, iingcali ukufunda imiyalelo lokuvelisa kunye nokusebenza kwezakhiwo, parameters ucwangciso, amaxwebhu umgangatho, imizobo.

# 3: Ukuzoba uluhlu iziphene ezinokubakho

Emva kokuba ithiyori qela uyemka uvavanyo lokungaphumeleli kunokwenzeka. A uluhlu olupheleleyo lwazo zonke izinto ezingangqinelaniyo kunokwenzeka neziphene ezinokuthi zenzeke kule sayithi. Basenokuba kunxulumana yokuwa izinto ezithile okanye umsebenzi wabo ayilunganga (zaneleyo amandla inaccuracy kwemveliso eliphantsi). Ekuhlalutyeni iinkqubo eziyimfuneko ukudwelisa imisebenzi ethile zeteknoloji, phantsi apho kukho umngcipheko iimpazamo - ezifana non-komsebenzi okanye ukusebenza engafanelekanga.

Inkcazelo ngoonobangela kunye neziphumo

Inyathelo elilandelayo - an olunzulu uhlalutyo kwiimeko ezinjalo. Umsebenzi ophambili - ukuqonda ukuba ezibangela oku okanye ezinye iimpazamo, nendlela iziphene bakufumanisayo enokuchaphazela abasebenzi, abathengi kunye nenkampani liphela.

Ukuze kumiselwe oonobangela mhlawumbi leqela iziphene bafunda iinkcazelo zemisebenzi, ezivunywe iimfuno ukuphunyezwa kwazo, kwakunye neengxelo manani. Imizuzu eli-FMEA-analysis kwakhona abonisa ubungozi ukuba inkampani ungalungisa.

Ngelo xesha linye iqela ucinga into enokwenziwa ukuze kupheliswe ithuba iziganeko iziphene, inika iindlela zolawulo kunye rhoqo kahle nohlolo.

yokuhlola isazi

Yintoni elandelayo? Amalungu FMEA-iqela kuqala ukuhlalutya ukungaphumeleli nganye khrayitheriya ezintathu eziphambili:

1. S - ubungnqongqo / Ukubaluleka. It igqiba indlela nzima ziya kuba nemiphumo unesiphako kumboleki. Ilinganiswa kwisikali samanqaku ayi-10 (1 - phantse akukho isiphumo, 10 - ezinkulu, apho umvelisi okanye umthengisi lingafaka engozini izohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho).
2. O - Nesihlo / kungenzeka. Ibonisa rhoqo indlela kophulwa ethile, nokuba le meko ingaphinda-phindwa (1 - kakhulu amathuba 10 - ukungaphumeleli uyaqapheleka ngaphezu kwe-10% amatyala).
3. D - Detection / ubhaqo. I parameter yokuhlola iindlela zolawulo: Ngaba kunceda ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza ukungangqinelani (1 - ziphantse baqinisekiswa ukuba ukufumana, 10 - isiphako efihliweyo ukuba ayikwazi ukubonwa phambi kokuqala neziphumo).

Ngokusekelwe kwezi mvavanyo kugqiba inani ephambili ubungozi (HRR) ngohlobo ngalunye ukusilela. Esi salathisi generic ekuvumela ukuba ufumanise ukuba yintoni umonakalo kunye ukunyhashwa aveze ntsongelo yomngcipheko wentshabalalo enkulu ngokuqinileyo kunye nabaxumi balo. Ibalwa ngokusebenzisa ifomula:

Le HRR aphezulu - lolungiso eyingozi ngakumbi etshabalalisayo neziphumo zayo. Inyathelo lokuqala ukuphelisa okanye ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba neziphene kunye ukungasebenzi kakuhle apho ixabiso idlula 100-125. Kumanqaku e-40 ukuya kwi-100 ukuzuza ukuphazamiseka ukuba umlinganiselo umgangatho isoyikiso, kunye HRR ngaphantsi kwe-40 lubonisa ukuba ukusilela mncinci, lunqabile kwaye ingafunyanwa ngaphandle iingxaki.

Development of iziphakamiso kunye neziphakamiso

Emva ukuphonononga zokwahluka kunye neziphumo zazo, iqela ukusebenza FMEA ngokuchonga imimandla ephambili yomsebenzi. Umsebenzi wokuqala ukuba bazobe isicwangciso amanyathelo okulungisa ukuba i "imiqobo" - izakhi kunye nokusebenza kunye HRR aphezulu. Ukuze ukunciphisa izinga isoyikiso baphenjelelwe parameters enye okanye ngaphezulu:

• ukuphelisa oyena nobangela ukusilela, okanye ukutshintsha inkqubo yoyilo (uvavanyo O);
• ukuthintela ukwenzeka yomonakalo ngeendlela ulawulo-manani (uvavanyo O);
• ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi ukuba abathengi kunye nabathengi - ezifana amaxabiso asezantsi yeemveliso ezineziphene (uqikelelo S);
• ukwazisa izixhobo ezitsha ukuze ukubhaqwa lweempazamo kunye nokulungiswa olandelayo (rating D).

Le nkampani uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ngoko nangoko okuphumeza iingcebiso, iqela FMEA ngexesha ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso ukuphumeza kuzo kunye ebonisa ukulandelelana kunye nexesha umsebenzi ngamnye. Uxwebhu efanayo inika inkcazelo malunga amagcisa kunye nabo banoxanduva ekwenzeni amanyathelo okulungisa, imithombo mali.

UPawulos

Isigaba sokugcina - kumalungiselelo ingxelo abaphathi zenkampani. Zeziphi amacandelo kufanele ibe?

1. amanqaku Overview and eneenkcukacha malunga isifundo.
2. ezingabangela iziphene zemveliso / ukusebenza izixhobo kunye nokusebenza zobugcisa.
3. Uluhlu lweziqhamo ukuba abasebenzi kunye nabathengi - ngokwaphula nganye.
4. Ukuhlola neqondo lomngcipheko (kufikelela ingozi komgomo kunokwenzeka, nguwuphi na kubo nemiphumela emibi kakhulu).
5. Uluhlu zezincomo inkonzo yolondolozo, abayili kunye abaziingcali ebaleni yokucwangcisa.
6. Ucwangciso kunye neengxelo ukwenza iintshukumo zokulungisa esekelwe kwiziphumo zohlalutyo.
7. Uluhlu nobungozi kunye neziphumo ukuba isaqhubeka ngenxa yotshintsho kule projekthi.

Kwingxelo zonke iitafile, iigrafu kunye nemizobo, okusetyenziselwa nokuthelekelela ingcaciso kwimiba ebalulekileyo. A Iqela ukusebenza kufuneka abonelele wesekethe Ukungangqinelani novavanyo ezisetyenziswa ngokubaluleka, rhoqo kunye amathuba efumanise kunye zokucazulula eneenkcukacha abasakhasayo (nto leyo ithetha isixa esithile lamanqaku).

Indlela ukugqibezela FMEA protocol?

Xa isifundo, yonke idatha kufuneka kubhalwe kuxwebhu ekhethekileyo. Oku "uhlalutyo iProtokholi izizathu neziphumo FMEA». Yena itafile ubhetyebhetye, leyo wangena lonke ulwazi malunga ziphene kunokwenzeka. Le fomu ilungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo nokufundiswa kwayo nayiphi na izinto nkqubo kunye neenkqubo kuwo onke amashishini.

Inxalenye yokuqala igcwele ngokusekelwe muntu amalungu eqela, ukufunda manani zoshishino, imiyalelo umsebenzi kunye namanye amaxwebhu. Umsebenzi ophambili - ukuze uqonde ukuba ukuphazamisana oomatshini, okanye ekwenzeni nawuphi na umsebenzi. Kwiintlanganiso ze iqela ukusebenza ukuvavanya iziphumo zolu daba, ukuba aphendule indlela ziyingozi kubasebenzi kunye nabathengi, yaye yintoni na ke kungenzeka lowo unesiphako uya andibhaqwa nokuba kwisigaba yemveliso.

Kwinxalenye yesibini protocol sichaza iinketho lokhuseleko kunye nokususwa ezingenasigxina, uluhlu amanyathelo ayilelwe FMEA-team. Igrafu eyahlukileyo zibonelelwe ukonyulwa inoxanduva lokuphunyezwa imisebenzi ethile, yaye emva utshintsho kuyilo okanye inkqubo yoshishino, amanqaku intloko umbutho kuluhlu protocol of imisebenzi abulawe. Isigaba sokugcina - zokumakishwa-nomgangatho, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iinguqu. Xa sithelekisa amanani sokuqala nesokugqibela, sinokugqiba malunga ukusebenza sicwangciso ekhethiweyo.

Kuba into nganye, imithetho eyahlukileyo. Phezulu igama xwebhu - ". Uhlalutyo iintlobo kunye neziphumo iziphene ezinokubakho" Nje ngezantsi imodeli ezichaziweyo kwezixhobo okanye igama inkqubo, umhla uhlolo zangaphambili kwaye elandelayo (icwangciselwe), umhla wangoku, kwaye iisiginitsha onke amalungu eqela ukusebenza kunye nenkokeli yalo.

UMZEKELO FMEA-analysis ( "Tulinovsky Instrument Nokwenza Plant")

Cinga indlela inkqubo yokuhlola iimeko ezingayingozi kwi ngamava iinkampani mveliso omkhulu Russian. Ngaxa lithile, ubunkokheli "Tulinovskogo kwezigqibo isixhobo mveliso" (JSC "TVES") wajamelana ingxaki yamaqondo esikalini elektroniki. Kwishishini velisa ipesenti enkulu izixhobo ezisebenza ngokungachanekanga ukuba isebe ulawulo yobugcisa kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukubathuma umva.

Emva kokufunda ulandelelwano yezenzo kunye neemfuno iqela FMEA inkqubo yongqanianiso ezichongiweyo sub-nkqubo ezine, kuba impembelelo enkulu umgangatho kunye nokuchaneka kwi desktop.

• ihamba kunye nofakelo lwesixhobo phezu kwetafile;
• ekuhloleni indawo yenqanaba (balance kufuneka ibekwe tye 100%);
• ukubekwa impahla reference amanqaku le platform;
• ukurekhodwa lwemiqondiso rhoqo.

Ziziphi iindidi lokungaphumeleli kwaye ezizuzwa zarekhodwa kwi ekwenzeni le misebenzi? I Iqela Elisebenzayo ichonge iingozi eziphambili, lacazulula unobangela kunye neziphumo kunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuba ingcali iimvavanyo iimpawu HRR zabalwa, eyenza kube lula ukubona ingxaki eziphambili - ukungabikho kolawulo ngqo phezu ukwenziwa komsebenzi kunye nemeko izixhobo (kwesitulo, iintsimbi).

Ukuphelisa iingcebiso lomngcipheko uqeqesho lwabasebenzi kuye kwakhiwa, usule iguqulwe kuma ukuthenga roll isikhongozeli ekhethekileyo kokuthutha eseleyo. Ukuthengwa umbane uninterruptible isonjululwe ingxaki yelahleko data. Kwaye ukuze kuthintelwe kukuvela iingxaki kunye nokuhlelwa kwixesha elizayo, iqela ukusebenza ecetywayo a iishedyuli ulondolozo entsha umlinganiselo kwimibhobho lwesiqhelo zemilinganiselo - baqalisa Khangela rhoqo, ngoko umonakalo kunye nokusilela kungabonwa kakhulu ngaphambili.