Uhlalutyo lweSputum. Iimpawu eziphambili kunye noshintsho lwezifo

Uhlalutyo lwe-sputum yindlela yokufunda iimpawu eziphathekayo, ezithintekayo kunye nekhwalithi yeemfihlo zecononal kunye nemiphunga. Iyakwenza uvavanyo lwe-bacteriological kunye ne-cytological ye-sputum, enceda ukuvavanya isimo sezitho zokuphefumula kunye nokufumana izifo ezithile.

Ukongezelela, le mviwo inceda ekufumaneni isigaba kunye nemeko yenkqubo ye-pathological emapapeni, okubangela ukuba uhlolwe ngokuchanekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlalutyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-sputum lunye lwezinto ezibalulekileyo kwizifo zokuphefumula, ezingavumelekanga kuphela ukuxilonga izifo, kodwa nokuzikhethela i-etiology.

Iimpawu zokuqokelela i-sputum

I-sputum kufuneka iqokelelwe kusasa kwisisu esingenalutho, emva kokucoca amazinyo kwaye uhlambulule umlomo wakho ngamanzi abilayo. Ukwenza i-sputum ibe bhetele, ngokuhlwa kwesifundo isigulane sidinga ukusela amanzi amaninzi, kwaye ngaphambi kokuqokelela imfihlelo ukusuka kwiphepha lokuphefumula kufuneka uthathe ukuphefumula okucothayo, kwaye emva koko ugqubuthela ngamandla. Ukufihla imfihlelo yecala kufuneka kube ngokukhawuleza kwisibhakabhaka esingummangaliso esitywinwe esisetyenziswayo.

Kwiimeko apho isampuli se-sputum sinenkinga (umzekelo, ngokukhwehlela oomileyo), isisombululo esikhethekileyo se-saline siyakhutshwa. Ukuba ukukhwehlela kukhatyiswa yile ndlela, ngaphambi kokuba kuthatyathwe isikhohlela, isigulane kufuneka sitshale umthwalo ongaphezulu kwiqabunga elikhethekileyo ngesisombululo saline.

Uhlalutyo lwe-sputum: ukuqheleka kunye nokugula

Xa uvavanya imfihlelo, ezi zilandelayo zichongiwe:

1. Imali yesiputum. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-sputum ikhutshwa ngohlobo lwezinto ezincinci (njengempendulo yokukhusela). Kwimeko yobuthakathaka ubuninzi bonyuka. Ngaloo ndlela, nge-bronchitis engapheliyo, ukuya kwi-250 ml yemfihlo iyabhalwa ngemini, kunye ne-bronchiectasis okanye, umzekelo, kunye nama-abscessary abscesses, isixa sayo sinokufikelela kwi-500 ml ngosuku.

2. Uhlobo, umbala kunye nokuvumelana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-muscus esuka kwindlela yokuphefumula iyabonakala, kwaye xa ithe yaxinwa, ithetha ukuba inkqubo yokuvuvukala iyaphuhlisa. Kukho iimeko xa i-mucus ibonakala ngokucacileyo, kodwa ihambelana nokuhambelana. Oku kwimeko ezininzi zibonwa kwizifo ezinzima kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo zenkqubo yokuphefumula.

Ukuba uhlalutyo lwe-sputum luyenziwa kwaye umbala walo oluhlaza okanye obomvu ufunyenwe, oku kubonisa ukuqoqwa kwepus kumaphaphu. Ukuba i-sputum iba yinto e -orange-orange, oku kubonisa inkqubo echazwe ngumzimba emzimbeni.

Ngokuxutywa kwegazi, i-sputum iba yinqwelo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona kubonakala kweemvini ezincinci zegazi, kufuneka uhlale unxibelelana nogqirha ukuba ungabandakanyi i-lung lung pathologies.

3. Ukuthunga kwe-sputum kunye nokuphendula kwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-sputum ayifanele ibe nenkohlakalo, ukuba ibonakala, ibonisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu kunye neeprotheyini ezikhoyo kwindlela yokuphefumula. Ukuphendula okuyimfihlo kufuneka kube yi-alkaline, kodwa ngokuma kwexesha elide le-sputum kwisimo sokuphefumula kunye nokungcola kwerusi yesisu, kuya kuba yinto eqinile.

Uhlalutyo lwe-sputum luquka i-microscopy, i-bacterioscopy kunye nenkcubeko elandelayo kwi-medium medium. Kwezinye izifo, kunoku:

• I-Kurshman i-spirals - ubungqina be-spasm kwi-airways;

• Amakristali e-Charcot-Leiden-uthetha ngeengxaki zenyama, edlalwa kwi-asthma ye-bronchi;

• Ukwakhiwa kwegazi - i-leukocytes ifumaneka ekuvukeleni, i-eosinophil - kwi-allergies kunye ne- helminthic invasion, i- erythrocytes - kunye nokutshabalalisa izicubu zamaphaphu;

• amaseli epithelial kunye nama-alveolar macrophages, athetha izilonda kwiindawo eziphantsi zesimo sokuphefumula;

• Iimpawu zengxowa - zinokuqinisekisa umhlaza wemiphunga;

• amaqanda ahlukahlukeneyo iimbungu ezingabonakaliyo.

I-bacterioscopy iqhutyelwa ukuchonga i-agent ye-causative yesifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-sputum iqukethe i-Neisseria kuphela, i-alpha-hemolytic streptococci kunye ne-diphtheria.