Uhlobo lo mmandla Perm. Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kummandla Perm

ummandla Perm - ilizwe wendalo emangalisayo, ehlathini hlathi, iintaba ezintle, imiwonyo, nemiqolomba, ngok elibaleka imilambo kunye amachibi acwengileyo. Nantsi i iyantlukwano emangalisayo landscape eli lizwe, kukho inani elininzi izityalo ezinqabileyo kunye nezilwanyana. Uhlobo lo mmandla Perm, inkcubeko eyodwa mmandla umdla iindwendwe ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.

A incinane

De ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII, loo mmandla, kuquka umhlaba elikhulu imvelaphi Kama ukuya phambene zentaba entshona nasempuma, kwaye ukusuka efikelela kuyo Pechora River emantla ukuya emlanjeni Chusovaya ngasentla nomzantsi, ebizwa ngokuba Perm Omkhulu.

Eyokuqala owabonisa umdla kweli lizwe enkulu, baye bengabarhwebeli Novgorod. Kwinkulungwane XIV baba ziintshaba, le ngohlangothi ukuba ungenele impangele. Emva ngephulo elikhulu wamajoni Prince Ivan III ngo-1472 yaba Great Perm Territory lokuqala Urals, leyo ngonaphakade yaba yinxalenye karhulumente Russian. Uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo kummandla Perm uphawulwe esi siganeko ebalulekileyo yembali. Kukho ukukhula zokuhlala Russian. Nokwenziwa imihlaba emitsha nangakumbi kakhulu phakathi kwenkulungwane XVI, abarhwebi xa sibekwe kwaye mveliso Stroganoff.

Ukwahluka kwezibonelelo zendalo kunye nohlobo kummandla Perm umdla bahlali ezintsha. Kuyinto namhlanje yenye kwimimandla ezinkulu industrial eRashiya kunye nelifa lenkcubeko ezininzi neempawu mihle zendalo.

Ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, ka-Europe kunye Asia

Lo mmandla, sise kudibana iinxalenye ezimbini zehlabathi, ligubungela phantse-yesihlanu enye kwisithili kwezoqoqosho phambene. Indawo kommandla yayo kwi Kama sokuhlambela, ulunika inkqubo ezizodwa Kusungulwe ukufikelela kweelwandle ezintlanu - i-White, iBaltic, lweCaspian, Black and Azov.

Enezityalo nezilwanyana

A uhlobo "emdeni" indawo kummandla nempembelelo ukuyilwa enezityalo nezilwanyana zayo. Izilwanyana zommandla Perm kakhulu limelwe ziintlobo ezithile zaseYurophu. Ulikhaya 60 entlobo ezanyisayo, kwama-40 iintlobo zeentlanzi, iintlobo 270 zeentaka, kwakunye neentlobo ezininzi ezirhubuluzayo eziphila. Kumarhamncwa marten eqhelekileyo, kukho iimpungutye, iihagu zasendle, iingcuka, wolverines, iimbila, makati. Mazize apha amaxhama, amabhere kunye lynx.

Kwane- ezinqabileyo kufuneka akhusele lokhwalimanzi eziqhelekileyo, muskrat, ngoboya.

Ummandla uzele emachibini, emilanjeni, imigxobhozo, zizandyondyo yene, amahlathi. Emahlathini icula eqhelekileyo, capercaillie, chickadees, crossbill, icula. Of iintaka ezifudukayo bafumana blackbirds, Swallows, starlings.

Izilwanyana nalo zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kuyahluka kuxhomekeke izithili mmandla. Izityalo uqhelekileyo kummandla Perm - pine, nespruce, larch, umsipres, nemisedare pine. Bakha yonke esibhakabhakeni hlathi, lithatha amakhulu leekhilomitha.

In kwimimandla ekumzantsi odityanisiweyo ezimnandi kunye namahlathi coniferous. Apha kukho imithi ebanzi-zodonga ezifana oki, Elm, Elm.

Ngasentla, kwaye kukho iindawo kakhulu mgxobhozo embindini mmandla. Kwamaxandeka zeentaba phambene wambu ehlathini. Mpumalanga esibi mmandla - a kurumniki namatye wethafa amahlwempu.

Kwingingqi Perm ikhula iintlobo ezingaphezu 130 zezityalo, ezo aphantsi wokhuseleko karhulumente. zolondolozo lwendalo ezimbini zokugcina indalo eziliqela ibekwe kummandla Kama. Enezityalo nezilwanyana udini unikwa eninzi ingqalelo.

Impembelelo ekhula ngabantu kwindalo kukhokelela ekuncipheni kumanani izilwanyana ezininzi ezinqabileyo kunye nezityalo, ukuba ukuqhekezwa abantu nkqu zanyamalala okupheleleyo eziliqela iintlobo. ibe Ezi eyenzelwe ngokukodwa sikhokelo esemthethweni njengoko Red Book of kummandla Perm, inkcazelo oonobangela ezaziwayo ukuncipha kwawo, cinga iingozi kunye nenani amanyathelo ukubuyisela abantu.

Ubunjalo ngohlangothi

Nangona ezidolophini, i Perm Great yaye namhlanje, kukho enomoya yamandulo. khondo Kwanele ezibonisa Ukufuduka Enkulu, Nelifa izakhiwo yamandulo, ezemigodi kunye nempucuko metallurgical, amabali, indalo kunye zasendle ngokungathi adityanisiweyo.

Region Perm inethuba elikhulu yeefomu ezahlukeneyo ukhenketho kungakhathaliseki lonyaka. Oku kube negalelo okuninzi kunye indawo okuyo lommandla. Abantu bathanda yi ezahlukeneyo komhlaba, imbali umdla, kwaye, kakade, ezikhumbuzo ezizodwa ukudala kanye uhlobo lommandla Perm. Photo komhlaba unique, umdla kunye neendawo imfihlakalo alupheli bebamb 'ubuhle bayo angaqhelekanga.

Ngomhla kummandla mmandla indawo 325 iziza ngokukodwa phantsi wokhuseleko ezizodwa. Le nkqubo yezembali kunye zendalo, ezikhumbuzo zendalo kunye nabanye. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi nkalo zombini ezi zolondolozo lwendalo kubaluleke federal. Oku "Vishera" yaye "Basegi".

Kwezakhiwo ezixabisekileyo yohlobo kummandla Perm thaca kwisithili Cherdyn. A lot of kubo kunye neendawo BOLSHSOSNOVKIY, Solikamsk, Chusovoy, Krasnovishersk.

ezikhumbuzo Natural neendawo zendalo ngokubaluleka lommandla edge wohlulwe ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• landscape (rocks White moss Vetlan namatye Govorlivy, Stone Town)
• zejoloji (and Gubakhinsky Orda nomqolomba)
• nemin (Ermakov spring)
• kwizityalo kunye umyezo (Zyukaysky breakage, Veslyansky boron nezempilo)
• izakhiwo zembali zendalo (Kungurskaya umqolomba, Bala kunye Kuva makhasi).

Bonke bephela kuluhlu bezinto ezikhuselweyo.

town itshe

Enye ezikhumbuzo kakhulu zithandwa kwaye ezizodwa zemvelo wathi Stone Town. Ubuhle okungaqhelekanga le kuthintelwe yamandulo phambene zentaba, eyaziwa ngokuba Rudyansky ukucula, ingabonwa kufutshane ezilalini Shumikhinsky Usva. Ridge Kubonakala ngathi kummango evuthelweyo malunga nama-19 km ubude. Enye zincopho yalo Stone Town. Eli gama lanikwa abakhenkethi. Kuba abantu bendawo kube amahobe. Stone Town evame ibuye ngokuba udonga nguMtyholi.

outcrops rock eyinqaba lesikhumbuzo yendalo kwasekwa umtya kwimijelo kunye nabo bakwicandelo endulini ehlathini. Baya kwenza kwabonakala lomzi, kunye izitrato ezivaliweyo iindlela ububanzi, nakwiingxingongo. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, bahlabeka ngomnye emlanjeni yamandulo. Ke enye le ntsomi ezininzi ithi yake kuso isixeko emangalisayo, ubuhle eyothusayo ngubani akwazi ukubona kuphela intombi beemfama yokumkani. Ngenye imini i nomkhafuli esikhohlakeleyo wacela ukuba abaphilise inkosazana. King wavuma, kodwa kanye nje xa amehlo wayo, lo mzi aba ngamatye.

ezikhumbuzo endalo kummandla Perm kummandla wesikhululo Usva ayiphelelanga Stone Town. Kwakhona kubalulekile abatyelela iintsika Usvinskie odumileyo nemiqolomba Sukhoi Log.

Columns Usvinskie

iintsika zamatye Unique, wolula ngenxa iikhilomitha eziliqela kwi Usva River, ingqalelo omnye kwiindawo zawo ezingqongileyo abakhenkethi enomtsalane ngasekunene. Oku uluhlu enkulu yamatye, eyakhiwe lekalika. Kwiintsika zalo Fossilisation kwelekorale yamandulo kunye nezinye iifosili ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, kwakukho ulwandle.

kwamatye akheke emaweni Unique oluphahlwe emiqolombeni ezimfanteni. Abanye kubo, njenge Stolbovoy GROTTO, ngaphambili waba indawo abantu.

Kanye umazibuthe abakhenkethi amatye, uWele nobhontsi kaMtyholi. isakhiwo sayo kunye nobukhulu ezimangalisayo. An uluhlu kwimitha 70 eliweni obanjelwe "imilenze 'obhityileyo. Wayebonakala ukuba ubonisa nokungafumaneki yayo nokuzimela. Le yenye yeendawo ozithandayo ngokunyuka midlalo.

Orda umqolomba

Xa izibilini ntaba Kazakovsky, imvulophu Kungur mlambo mde kakhulu kumqolomba ehamba eli lizwe kunye yesibini mde Eurasia - Orda Irholo. Phezu kwentaba, ngakumbi njenge endulini, kukho sinkholes ezinkulu, enye yazo na yokungena kule ndawo maloprimetny zasendle.

Kubalulekile inkulu gypsum nomqolomba okuyo ehlabathini. Siqulathe ebizwa ngokuba "owomileyo" (300 m) kunye kwamanzi (4600 m) ngaphandle. neengqameko zalo eziphakamileyo, amachibi enzulu ecocekileyo, nemiqolomba intlaninge ekhangelwe nkalwana yi speleologists. Orda umqolomba udla ngokubizwa ngokuba iefa eMecca Irholo.

Kungur umqolomba

Le yenye ezikhumbuzo edume uhlobo mmandla, ime phezu kodonga lasekunene Sylva. Ezinzulwini obufihlakeleyo Kungur emqolombeni ungukumkani ngonaphakade phambene zasebusika. Nkqu iintsuku zasehlotyeni ezishushu igcina yomhombiso womkhenkce komhlaba emiqolombeni kubulelwe microclimate ekhethekileyo. Ebukekayo ubunini abantu nekhephu - isiphumo yomsebenzi engabonakaliyo amanzi, ehlala amawaka eminyaka. ukuqanda Huge namatonela Ice Intaba amaqhina oqhagamshelwano iikhorido umtya. Ubude lilonke kwizifundo zawo onke - 5700 eemitha. It namachibi 70 no 58 nemiqolomba. Amanye amagumbi komhlaba emqolombeni kukho ukuphakama kuyimitha 20 baze bafikelele sangqa iimitha ukuya ku-100. nemiqolomba emininzi abantu zazihonjiswe ziikristale ngumkhenkce, stalactite kunye ne stalacmites. Uhombiso kakhulu entle liyi Diamond and Polar grottos.

Isicwangciso lokuqala ilitye lesikhumbuzo ekhethekileyo zejoloji wenziwe cartographer ngenkulungwane XVIII S. Remezov nabahlali bengingqi, ngubani na izikhokelo yokuqala ayobona onxaniweyo engaqhelekanga. Yena kude ogqibeleleyo wawuguqula ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ke kaloku, ukuba abakhenkethi zixhotyiswe nge 1.5 eekhilomitha engaphantsi.

umqolomba Kungur kushiya ezininzi amava angasoze onke amaxesha onyaka. Yinto enye indalo aqaqambe of Nature, wadala ice kuphela kunye namanzi.

Vetlan-ilitye

Uhlobo lo mmandla Perm kwaye udale lesikhumbuzo ekhethekileyo njengelitye Vetlan, ibekwe phezu komlambo Vishera. Le into limela inkqubo amawa kwawethu oqala kwintaba ephakame kweemitha 1750.

Phezulu Vetlan-ilitye yinto kumgangatho akubonayo, luvula amehlo ndawo ekhethekileyo ezikude obungenasiphelo. ngokuqhelekileyo Kukho abakhenkethi abahamba phezu Vishera.

Vishera reserve

Reserve, lulele kumntla-mpuma inxalenye kwisithili Krasnovishersky, ingqalelo le ndawo intle eMntla Urals. Nazi ke incopho eliphezulu mmandla - Tulymsky kameň (1469.8 m), intaba entle kuyehla Larch, Isher, Beka-Tumpen, inkonzo umthandazo kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukususela iincopho zabo iimbono ezinkulu, yaye kwamaxandeka hunkering amachibi entabeni crystal nasemanzini. Kwi reserve flow imilambo entabeni amancinci kunye Big Capelin, Vishera, Niols River kunye ifu kunye uba, neengxangxasi ezintle.

Apha, ebuhleni bayo yamandulo alondolozwe amahlathi kunye wendawo ephethwe kurums, ilitye kokuwa, wakha iilwandle namatye kunye nemilambo. Izilwanyana balapha Sable eqhelekileyo, iielk, ibhere, beaver, marten, beaver kunye nabanye abaninzi. I-Reserve kukho malunga 150 iintlobo mikobionta (ulele), 100 ezahlukeneyo iintlobo moss, 500 - kwezityalo ezinemigca. Ukhuseleko lwabo kwaye i-akhawunti iye ezidalwe ngokukhethekileyo Red Book of kummandla Perm, enikelwe ezinqabileyo ezisengozini izityalo, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana kuphela Kama. uluhlu lwakhe iquka dada zaselwandle, njengeyona nesangxa, eagle yegolide, merlin, Rock Ptarmigan, isikhova kunye nabanye abaninzi.

I-Reserve naye kwindawo ekhethekileyo Urals - indawo zokuhlangabezana kweendawo amanzi equkuqela yemilambo ezintathu ezinkulu - iVolga, OB kunye Pechora.

Basegi

Basegi - elihle entabeni umqolo, ndivuka phakathi babeziindleko ezinkulu hlathi phezu loza yasentshona phambene yentaba. Ngemihla yakudala kwaba enye, namhlanje iqulathe iincopho abathathu abahlukeneyo - North, South na Phakathi Baseg. Amahlathi kummandla wabo bagwayimbile ngenxa yobuhle bayo yamandulo. Le into hlathi reference eziphila zendalo.

Baseg avareji - indawo eliphezulu reserve (994 m). On top of nto kuthiwa ngokucacileyo ithambeka Terrace, zigqunywe ngamahlathi kunye kurums. Block amatye, n'ekiweebwayo kumathambeka zabo ligutyungelwe multi-elimbala ulele crustose njenge uhlobo yomlinganiselo ezimibalabala. A emaweni nokuma ndililolo, buttes kunye lonke awo zabo zifana amanani ezahlukeneyo kunye nezilwanyana.

Igama reserve livela kwigama North Russian "Basques", ogama value 'elihle. " On top of iintaba ukuya ibhanti entabeni-kumathafa, ngezantsi kuyo basike subalpine emangalisayo. Ezi zindawo apho kanzulu izilwanyana ezinqabileyo zale ngingqi Perm, kwakunye neentlobo ezinqabileyo kwezityalo.

"Wena zinoxanduva ilizwe labo lokuzalwa ..."

Uhlobo adunyiswe ngemisebenzi yababhali ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle abo batyelela Kama. indawo Cultural ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela kwabunjwa ngeenxa zonke zokuhlala mveliso encinane. abaphathi banezakhono bacelwa ukuba ndihlale neemvumi, ababhali kunye nezinye zizifundiswa. Ngokomzekelo, kwakukho ekukhangelayo ilali Vsevolodo-Vilva enkosi van'wankumi kwaye usomashishini Savva Morozov. Apha siye sahlala yaye babephila ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo B. L. Pasternak kunye A. P. Chehov.

I ababa nakuchukumisa ngohlangothi ubuhle batyelela Solikamsk kunye Berezniki "umculi semvelo" K. G. Paustovskogo. Sang kuyo, kwanababhali kummandla Perm. ngendalo Urals, imbali yawo, inkcubeko kunye eninzi ebhaliweyo P. P. Bazhovym. Xa imisebenzi yakhe ngokungathi umphefumlo yalo inkulu, umfanekiso Umda enkulu udlula wonke umsebenzi wombhali eziqulethwe.

Thumbnails kunye namabali V. P. Astafeva babebonakala benamandla ingcamango "unoxanduva kwilizwe lawo, ikhaya encinane ihlabathi ohlala kulo."

"Mkhulu Perm"

Uhlobo lo mmandla Perm emangalisayo. nemiqolomba amahle kunye rock engaqhelekanga, amawa elunxwemeni, kwakheka ngenxa yemvula umoya, amanzi aba zesikhumbuzo adalwe imvelo ngokwayo.

Kutshanje evunywe yi projekthi yommandla "Mkhulu Perm" ugxininiso kwi-imbonakaliso ubuhle bendalo ngohlangothi njengoko ikhadi yoshishino mmandla. Ukwahluka-mhlaba igalelo eninzi umdla kwezokhenketho, adventure ezinomthamo kwimbali nenkcubeko unique kunokuba.

Le projekthi Kama indawo yabakhenkethi enye eziqulathe uluhlu "White Intaba", "Usva", "Parma" yaye "Ashatly". Theme parks baceba ukuba bahlanganisane ukuze kwindlela wezizwe, ukudala phezu umgaqo "Golden Ring".

Kaloku eli lithuba elilodwa ukuvavanya ubutyebi lwamaxabiso zendalo, zenkcubeko nezembali mmandla.