Umnqonqo womntu: eso sakhiwo. division wesibeleko column spinal

ngomqolo kwabantu, ngamanye amazwi, umhlathi vertebral, amaqela amagama amathambo axhasayo. It yakhiwe ngamanye amalungu omqolo leyo ukhuselekile kunye esebenzisa edibeneyo intervertebral, kwaye evela isiseko lukakayi, nto leyo iqhotyoshelwe vertebra yokuqala, ebizwa sabheka. Le yokuphosa iiankile ezinokususwa ngokusebenzisa atlanto-yezihlunu kunye atlanto-Occipital amalungu. Nonrigid uhlobo compound unezinga elikhulu kokuhamba. Xa kutshona kwezisezantsi iindawo kumhlathi spinal lomntu phantse zokubhala, apha emacaleni eqhagamshelwe hip ithambo ye isinqe usebenzisa amalungu sacroiliac.

Kwalapho: Anatomy

Umnqonqo yabantu na isakhiwo waso 5 amaqela amacandelo. Zingaphi omqolo kwi umnqonqo kwabantu? impendulo echanekileyo ayisekho. Xa impilo egcwele ukusuka 32 ukuya kuma-34 omqolo, kuba inani lazo kwikholam yabantu spinal kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi isakhiwo zokugqibela (coccygeal) amakhulu, ebandakanya ezimbini ukuya kwezine oludala, anikwe kuthi ngayo koobawo bethu kweli hlabathi isilwanyana.

bend

Ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ababephile qete ayikho tyaba ngokupheleleyo, kodwa a amagophe komzimba yomqolo. Anatomy of oku kudala iimeko zokugcinwa intsalela izenzo motor elibukhali nkqo kunye tolerability. Ukuze siqonde ngcono indlela bend ezikhoyo kwikholam spinal omzimba womntu, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela inkqubo ze baqonde ukubaluleka shape yokwakheka ngesakhiwo lokuziqhelanisa.

Xa iyonke kukho ezine umnqonqo ukugoba zikarhulumente eziqhelekileyo: 2 - ventral (okt, eguqa phambili), 2 - amanakani (kunye ugoba umva). Ngaphezu ezigoso spinal zabantu abe nolwalamano ume, imeko rhoqo zophendlo lwezifo apho uhlobo oluchanekileyo kumhlathi ijongene impembelelo ethile kule ukugoba baye inguqu kunye notshintsho ngendlela efanayo ukuba ukudala ukuma. Ukongeza, ukuyilwa utshintsho ezibuhlungu nzulu ezigoso eziqhelekileyo ezikhoyo imeko esempilweni. Ke kunyuswa ukugoba kubunzulu ikhadi ethile, ngenxa yale nkqubo lubangele iinguqu ahambelanayo kwezinye izabelo kwikholam spinal.

Amasebe njengenxalenye kumhlathi spinal

Umnqonqo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amahlanu: wesibeleko, thoracic, empontshwa, sacral (sacrum), coccyx.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amagophe yabantu ikholam skeleton unolwalamano kwalapho. Empontshwa kunye umqolo wesibeleko ziye kujikwa kwicala phambili (okanye lordozis), thoracic kunye sacral ngokulandelelana ngasemva (okanye kiphosis).

Umnqonqo wesibeleko uye omqolo ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo, kwaye banekhono umthamo iihambo mkhulu. Umzimba womntu nempilo unako ukuvelisa ezahlukeneyo elibhalwe ngokumileyo kunye neentshukumo rotary lasentloko, lo nentshukumo ejikelezayo inxalenye intamo enkulu ngokwaneleyo. Le nezimo amazing kudala isakhiwo isiqwempu wesibeleko, ngakumbi ncam, ukuba nentsusa kwento yokuba amalungu omqolo ezimbini zokuqala:

• i sabheka, nto leyo unikwe Iingqameko ezimbini, awunazo umzimba;

• epistrophe anayo ithambo layo isakhiwo odontoid, ngeenxa zonke yokugqibela wavelisa intshukumo ojikelezayo Atlas.

isifuba

Ubume yomqolo thoracic kulula kakhulu. Spine kwi omqolo thoracic kuquka elinambini ibonakala ukuya emiphethweni. Phezu phambi umzimba ubambo ukuba uqhagamshelwano nge kwentamo yaye ngaloo ndlela zenze kuthiwa esifubeni - ukubunjwa ukuvimbela oluthembekileyo ngamalungu ezibalulekileyo zangaphakathi - intliziyo kunye nemiphunga. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isakhiwo wesahlulo thoracic kwesithuba yabantu efana naleyo ekuyo mammalian. Zonke elinambini thoracic omqolo ziqwempu ezifanayo kubume yokwakheka. Kuphela esiwa kwindawo empontshwa, umzimba vertebral ayanda ngobukhulu yaye wenza omkhulu ngakumbi.

ingxenye empontshwa kunye sacrum

Ikholam spinal (isakhiwo) of empontshwa kudala iimeko okwenza ezahlukeneyo izenzo motor - umzimba ajike, nokujikeleziswa kwaye tilts kumacala ahlukeneyo. Umnqonqo kwindawo empontshwa liphantsi umthwalo ebonakalayo. Ngenxa yoko, omqolo nangoko ezinkulu kakhulu ziqwempu lwangaphambili parameters umzimba kunyuka ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi (ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya eyesihlanu).

Ngelo xesha wokuzalwa yomqolo kwabantu kwisebe sacral iye omqolo ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe yokuguga uphuhliso umnqonqo kubangele coalescing nokwakha iindawo zezakhiwo jikelele omqolo - le sacrum.

isebe coccygeal

Ikholam spinal kwisebe coccygeal ibandakanya emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu omqolo eyahlukileyo. Yintoni coccygeal omqolo kwi icandelo na kumiselwa kuphela uviwo isixhobo esisodwa (X-ray okanye tomographic).

Ubume kumhlathi vertebral

Udibaniso lwe omqolo ezimbini, emi ebumelwaneni, ikhutshwa phandle ngabo IiCD intervertebral, leyo unesisombululo eyahlukileyo. Bathi zinika esibondeni iplastiki kunye luthambe. Le Disk inkulu sinikwe empontshwa kunye neendawo wesibeleko yomqolo komzimba womntu. Noko ke, ngenxa ukuhamba kakuhle, kunye namandla disk ezi ziqwempu baboniswa kakhulu kukwenzakala. Kukho kwakhona idiski herniated rhoqo ibunjiwe ezahlukileyo izifo ezingapheliyo kwinkqubo musculoskeletal. Uhlobo kakhulu nazo wezifo osteochondrosis - inkqubo sisiba mandundu-dystrophic zophendlo lwezifo ze akwazi intervertebral.

Umnqonqo lomntu yakhiwe kwezakhiwo yokwakheka of hotel - amathambo, IiCD intervertebral kunye namalungu articular (kwamalungu).

Imisebenzi kumhlathi kwabantu vertebral

Umnqonqo yinkqubo ephambili musculoskeletal womntu. Kwakhona yenza kube lula ukugcina intsalela, andingowasemzimbeni, ithi ke ezimanyeneyo injini kwaye enze umsebenzi yokhuseleko. Izihlunu emqolo ngokudibene nenkqubo luvo, ukudala iimeko ukuze kuzaliseke zilandelayo:

• tilts kumacala ahlukeneyo;

• extensor kunye flexor hvizheny;

• i nentshukumo ejikelezayo ngeenxa axis yayo;

• lokukwazi bipedal.

isabelo wesibeleko (i eyesithathu yesixhenxe omqolo), thoracic intervertebral kunye empontshwa eyaziyo, ulwakhiwo olufanayo ngaphandle amathambo modified yokuqala neyesibini wesibeleko amalungu, kunye ingxenye isabelo sacral emzimbeni womntu kwi karhulumente abadala (it ibandakanya ezintlanu edidekile omqolo kwaye izimele ngokupheleleyo).

amalungu Intervertebral akhiwe kwi iinkqubo lomqolo nokudala iimeko umthamo kwikholam mobile. Hambisa i vertebra ethile ngokoqobo akunakwenzeka, njengoko xa omnye vertebra Ukuphazanyiswa uyohlala ngqo ekufutshane. Abanalo ukuhamba inkulu kwiindawo wesibeleko kunye empontshwa, amanye amalungu omqolo Ungasa kancinane kuphela.

Isifo kakhulu nazo kwaye umqolo: ubudlelwane nokwakheka

Anatomy of abangakwaziyo wesibeleko yomqolo yenza kube ingongoma kwaphela ukuvela sifo disc sisiba mandundu. Le ngezifo na iinkqubo dystrophic-sisiba mandundu xa IiCD intervertebral indalo non-arhabaxa. Kule nkqubo sifo ababandakanyekayo kwizicwili kunye intlala. isifo efanayo senzeka emqolo empontshwa, ingxenye thoracic banazo kuyo kwezobalo inqabile.

Empontshwa kunye neendawo wesibeleko sengozini herniation of disks intervertebral - SHmorlja. Le nkqubo kuboniswa ngendlela yomda output disc pulposus ngumongo. ngezifo olunjalo mandundu yi iingxaki zeenkqubo yokujikeleza kwaye luvo, ekubeni ezi lunamaqoqo ukuze compress iimpahla igazi spinal (vertebral) kunye neengcambu zemithambo osusela umnqonqo. Oyilwayo yokugqibela kuthiwa sciatica, ngenxa ucinezelo ezingcanjini ebushushwini babo.

ikholam Human spinal unokujongana inkqubo yokukrala (kubandakanywa indlela samathambo okanye umothuko ..) Xa amalungu - samathambo.

Ngokwezonyango, uninzi izifo yomqolo lwenzeka ziintlungu enkulu, sinciphise ukuhamba kunye nezinye iimpawu zomhlathi.

Zonke ezi zifo zifuna unyango ngexesha elililo, kunye nongenelelo ngamanye amaxesha ngoko nangoko.

Ingozi yokulimala kunye wentsika vertebral.

uncedo lokuqala nangephina

Kuyimfuneko ukubonelela neyaphukileyo kunye eqondisa iphezulu oxwesileyo umnqonqo kunye cwaka phambi kokufika ambulensi. Akuvunyelwe ukunyanzela ixhoba ukuba ukuhamba kunye nezothutho, ngenxa yokuba kukho amathuba ukuvela yokwenzakala ezintsha yaye ngenxa yoko iingxaki. Zokuthutha ukulimala kuvunyelwa kwiimeko ezizodwa - kwi zengozi esishiya ndawo.

Zabantu ikholam vertebral - isakhiwo ekhethekileyo emzimbeni, nto leyo sinikezwe ngenkxaso, a zokuzikhusela, imisebenzi motor. Ngaloo ndlela, ukunyamekela emzimbeni, ukuthintelwa ezimbi kunye nonyango lwabo ngexesha kuyimfuneko ukugcina impilo. Omqolo ze kwikholam spinal kunye nentsusa yesakhiwo, kwezinye iindawo ukuvumela umntu ukuba enze bipedalism nokukubuyekeza umthwalo sokubambela phezu ezibandaknywayo yomqolo, nokugcina izakhono motor ubomi.