UJacques Louis David, imifanekiso: inkcazo kunye nesithombe

Umculi, osebenza kwimisebenzi yakhe ubonakalise zonke izigaba zobomi bezobupolitika baseFransi, naye wayengumntu oqaqambileyo othabatha inxaxheba ekuhlaleni. Umsunguli we-neoclassicism wayenomdla kuzo zonke iinguqu ezenzekayo kuluntu, kwaye isalathiso kwipayili, awabekayo, saqhubeka nokuphuhlisa izizukulwana ezitsha zamakhosi.

Ngcaciso emfutshane yomdali

Omkhulu uJacques Louis David, onobudwebo obemdumisa, wazalwa eParis ngo-1748. Xa eneminyaka eyi-18 wangena kwi-Academy of Arts, apho umcebisi wakhe wayenguJoseph Marie Vien - umdwebi owaziwayo ngelo xesha, ngoku alikhohliwe ngoku. Ufakela kumfana osemthanda uthando lweklasi kunye ne-rococo kwaye ufuna ukuba uphumelele "inyaniso nobukhulu" kwimisebenzi. UDavid, ngokufunda ngokucophelela umsebenzi kaMichelangelo noRafael, amaphupha okuba e-Italy ukuphucula izakhono zakhe kwindawo yokuzalwa kobugcisa be-Renaissance. Ukunikezelwa njengomfundi ogqwesileyo we-Academy, umculi osemtsha ngo-1775 waya ezweni elinenkcubeko enezityebi.

EItali, uxoxisana nabathandi bexesha elidlulileyo abamzisa kwizinto ezibugcisa, kunye nomculi othakazelisayo, unqula i talente yezobugcisa beemifanekiso kunye nabaculi, uyavuma ukuba "emehlweni akhe kwakunjengokuthi wayelele." UJacques Louis akazami ukuxelisa imisebenzi yabaphathi bamandulo, kodwa ufuna indlela yakhe: "Ndiyayiqonda indlela endingafezekanga ngayo isitayela sam, kwaye ndikulungele ukuya kwindlela ende yokusondela kwi nyaniso. Ndimele ndizame kwizinga likaRafael. "

Umculi kunye neenguqulelo

Ukubuyela eFransi, ukuphonononga ngokucacileyo umsebenzi wakhe, uJacques Louis David, odwebayo obangela iimbambano eziphikisanayo kuluntu, uthabatha inxaxheba ekuhlaleni. Udibana noRobespierre kunye noMarat, amavoti okufa kukaKumkani Louis XVI, kwaye emva kokubanjwa kuka-Thermidori uphelelwa entolongweni ngenxa yeembono zakhe.

Xa uNapoleon efika amandla, lowo owayengumguqukeli wangaphambili uthatha inxaxheba ebomini kwezobupolitika aze abe ngummemezeli obalaseleyo wokumkani owenza umculi wokuqala waseFransi kunye nomdwebi wenkundla. Emva kokuphonswa kukaBonaparte, uJacques Louis uyaleka eBrussels, apho afe ngo-1825, eshiya emva kwabafundi abangaba ngu-500.

Inkcazo yemibono yombhali

Ubugcisa bomdali buguquke kunye nesitayela sakhe kwaye wabonisa iimbonakalo zobugcisa bomculi. Wadlulisela kwimifanekiso yakhe imifanekiso yeengcamango zaseRoma yakudala neGrisi, echaza ngokuzidela kunye nobuhle. Umculi wenqatshelwe kwiindawo eziqingqiweyo zokuzithiba, ukuphazamiseka okungaphezulu kwezinto ezisemgangathweni yomsebenzi weenkcukacha kunye nemvelaphi ebonakalayo. Njengokuba ukubeka abantu bakhe kwinqanaba, udumo lukaJacques Louis David lwabaqondisa ekukhanyeni okukhulu.

Imifanekiso, eneengcamango zexesha elide elondolozwa ngumdali, zabonakala zithulile kwaye zinoxolo, kude neengxaki zabantu. Zonke iimifanekiso ze-antitique azizange zifakwe kubalinganiswa bezobugcisa, kwaye ukukhethwa kwezifundo akuzange kungenise kwimifuziselo yefashini.

Umsebenzi oye waba yinto yokuguqula emsebenzini wenkosi

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthetha malunga neengcambu, umdali owabambe iqhaza kwizenzo zenguqu, kwaye kwimisebenzi yakhe enye ayiboni kuphela ukuqinisekiswa kweengcamango ezenzekayo, kodwa kwanomnikelo abavukeli abawuhlawule. Yintoni ofuna ukusixelela ngokuchithwa kweziseko ezindala zikaJacques Louis David?

Umfanekiso "uHoratius Oath" wabonakala ngo-1784 waza wabeka isiseko sesitayela esitsha-i-revolutionary classicism. Kwazisa impumelelo engabonakaliyo kumbhali, osebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zesicalulo solawulo.

Imbali yokulwa kwegazi

Umculi uchaza malunga nento elandelwayo imfazwe ye-Horace evela eRoma kunye neCuria esuka e-Alba Longa-ukulahlekelwa yimpembelelo yayo yeso sixeko saseNtaliyane.

Izibini ezimbini zalwa nobunkokheli, kodwa loo mbambano ayinakuhlala ixesha elide. Ngokwababhali-mlando, umqhubi-dolophu wayeza kugqitywa emva kwemfazwe eqinile yamajoni angamaqhawe. Kwimfazwe enegazi, omnye wabazalwana baseHoratiya bahlala bephila, kwaye uAlba Longa walalela zonke iimfuno zaseRoma. Ukufunda malunga nelifa lembali, wagqiba ekubeni athengise umqondo wokuthandwa ngabantu abatsha, uJacques Louis David.

"Isiqhamo seHorace": inkcazelo yomfanekiso

Umbhali uthatha umzuzu nje xa utata uyabasikelela abantwana bakhe emfazweni obulalayo, ubambelele amakrele kubo. Abazalwana abathathu, abaneengcinga ezicacileyo zokungabaza nokuphikisana, bafunge ukukhusela ilizwe labo. Bayaqonda ukuba banokubhubha, kodwa bajoyine imfazwe, bekholelwa ekuphumeleleni kobulungisa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba abachasi bamaRoma ngabahlobo babo abantwana, kodwa le nto ayizange ithintele iHorace ekusebenzelaneni nabo. Umongameli omkhulu uJacques Louis David, ochaza ngayo imidwebo eyenza ukuba umbukeli acacise ukuba yiliphi italente engalindelekanga, ekunene kwamagorha akrakra abonisa iqela labafazi abalilayo abaqonda ukungaqiniseki kokulahlekelwa kwabantu abasondeleyo.

Unina wamaqhawe azukileyo uyababamba ngobumnene abazukulwana bakhe, ngoko udadewabo bazalwana bahlala-umtshakazi womnye waseAlbania, owaluboya intloko yakhe kumdade wabachasi-umfazi womnye wamaHorati. Umculi akazange abonise ukulungela kuphela ukuzidela, kodwa naye amava adibana nabesifazane abaswelekileyo. Ukuba abazalwana kunye nobaba bavezwa njengabalinganiswa abakhulu, ngoko unina noodade banabalinganiswa besibini, bazalisekisa ukwakheka.

Ngokwemvelaphi, uJacques Louis David, onobudwebo obonakalisa ixabiso leNkanyiso, wafaka iintsika ezintathu ezihambelana namaqela abazalwana, abafazi kunye noyise, enikela izixhobo kubantwana bakhe.

Abalinganiswa abasemgangathweni balawulwa ngukukhanya ukubonisa ukubaluleka kwabo, kwaye imvelaphi yesithombe ityhidiweyo, ukuze ingaphazamise ingqalelo kubazalwana abakulungele ukulwa. Imvakalelo enamandla iboniswa ngabasetyhini abahluphekileyo, kwaye amadoda angqongqo azalisekisa umsebenzi wabo.

I-Canvas, ukuqinisa umoya womntu

Umgca we-heroic classicism waqhutyelwa ngumsebenzi omtsha womdwebi, owavela ngo-1787. Kubalulekile ukuxelela malunga nefilosofi engagwetywa ngokungafanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba enze inkcazo ethi "Ukufa kweSocrates". UJacques Louis David wayenomdla kwixesha leqhawe lamaGrike elidaka ubuthi obunobumba obungaziwayo. Ifilosofi, owenza iintshaba ezininzi kwaye wenza isigqibo sokumelana nexesha elibi, wamangalelwa ngokuthi "akahloneli oothixo".

Kulo ngxowa, uSocrates udibana nabafundi bakhe ngegama lokuhlaziya. Isandla esinye siphakanyisiwe, kwaye esinye sitsalwe emva kwesitya esityhefu, kodwa asiyikuthintela. Kwaye lo mqondiso uthathwa njengesicatshulwa esisisiseko, udala umva wexesha elimisiweyo kwaye uchaza ukungafi komoya womntu, njengoko utitshala, athathwe ngentetho yakhe, uyakhohlwa ukuba unesincinci esincinane sokuhlala.

Isiqalo sesigaba siqhotyoshelweyo kubalinganiswa, ngokuhamba kunye nobuso obufundwayo ubukhulu obukhethekileyo, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwawo kwiplanethi yangaphambili yesitya esikhulu, esibizwa ngokuba yi-genius. Ngomhla we-revolution, u-Jacques Louis David, odweyiweyo wenza wonke umntu acinge ngunaphakade, wazama ukuqinisa umoya weFrentshi kunye nomzekelo wokuqina okumangalisayo kukaSocrates, owamkela ukufa.

Ixesha elitsha - isitayela esitsha

Umculi akazange abhale nje imidwebo kwimiba yembali, wadala inani elikhulu lee-portraits, ezigcinwe kwiimyuziyam. Ukhokho wendlela entsha yokwenza ubugcisa wanika ubuchule obukhethekileyo kubafundi bakhe abaninzi, isitayela se-neoclassical siphumelele ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokugqithwa kweNapoleon, wayekhumbuza kakhulu iziganeko zamagazi ezenzeka kwimbali yaseFransi. Waphumelela yinto encane, ngokuhambisana nokuthanda kwamagunya amatsha, isitayela somfundi kaDavide, uJean Auguste Ingres.

Kule nqaku, sihlolisise i-biographie kunye nemifanekiso ephambili yeJacques Louis David (kunye negama le-mindeni eyaziwayo kungekho ziingxaki - zibonisa ngokucacileyo intsingiselo yomsebenzi ngamnye). Omnye unokumxelisa kuphela italente ekhethekileyo ye-ingcweti leyo i-workshop ibe yintsikelelo yobugcisa beFransi.