UJohann Bach isebenza uluhlu

UJohann Sebastian Bach - eyaziwa umqambi German, omnye ngabameli Iqaqambe ngaphezu kwazo ngexesha umculo ezimbejembeje. Yena waye waduma lombhali okhawulezayo kunye inkqenkqeza virtuoso yelungu umculo. Ngaphezu koko, le mvumi kwaye utitshala unesiphiwo kunye namaqela ikonsathi ngqo.

Ngokufutshane malunga umqambi

Ngexesha ubomi uJohann Sebastian kuye ingqalelo ayifumanekanga, yaye kuphela emva kokuba phantse ikhulu ukuze imisebenzi yakhe waqalisa ukubonisa umdla. Mhlawumbi namnye umculo xesha ezimbejembeje ngoku ivuyela ithandwa ezifana Bach. Uluhlu iminyaka ezi zenzo kufuneka ilungiswe kuthathelwa ingqalelo amanqanaba eziphambili uyilo yombhali. Kamva, le wizard wangena-mali zegolide sakudala lixesha yaye usathandwa, ubophe wangena yaba nkulu zomsebenzi konsathi.

Ukuqala bobuchule

Bach, uluhlu imisebenzi efanele kwakhona kwenzala, wazalwa kwintsapho somculo: uyise, umkhuluwa wakhe omdala nodadewethu iimvumi. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, umqambi elizayo babonisa italente emangalisayo lokufunda ukudlala ivayolin. Nditsho ebutsheni bakhe, waba nomdla imisebenzi ngokunzulu abaqambi eziziingangamsha, musa ungaphoswa ithuba lokuphulaphula kumagcisa dumeke, ukufunda rhoqo, ekwandiseni ulwazi lwabo.

Kungekudala Wazibonakalisa njenge organist abanetalente. Uyayazi kakuhle umdlalo kwi sixhobo, ukuze nkqu iimvumi baqalisa ukufuna icebiso kuye. Bach, uluhlu imisebenzi leyo iya kuvulwa Imisebenzi kukhankanywa ngenxa Ilungu, waxelisa umqambi odumileyo indleko yexesha lakhe, kodwa kwangaxeshanye zincedisana ekwanezi iintsomi kwamanqaku, ezama ukuba ayinike isandi yesizwe.

Imisebenzi yokuqala umqambi baba life, amaculo kunye preludes ukuba iziko. Le misebenzi kwahluka amisiweyo, umlinganiswa iyingangamsha. Noko ke, Bach, uluhlu yayo kwakhona rhoqo, baba ezahlukeneyo kunyango lwabo: toccata bakhe kunye fugue babe emibalabala, isandi usinga.

Weimar period (1708-1717)

Nokugqama lomsebenzi ezinobuchule umqambi yaqala kwindawo entsha umsebenzi wakhe, xa athe wafumana isithuba of organist enkundleni kwaye ongumLevi enye German Neendwalutho. Apha, kuba umbhali livelise iimeko kangangoko kumsebenzi oyiliweyo; wayezenzela ukuba ukhethe isifundo wasebenza iokhestra elungileyo kakhulu.

Yaba ngeli xesha ukuba kudala uthotho wakhe odumileyo fugues, nto leyo eyayifikelela kwi-umqulu wokuqala umsebenzi yakhe edumileyo "The Well-Wobulali Clavier". Akukho namnye kwiimvumi ngoko hayi umculo ilungu virtuoso, yintoni Bach. Uluhlu imisebenzi yi umqambi ngamaxesha eyandisiweyo: wasebenza nzima, ukubhala preludes eziculwayo kunye Ikonsathi okutsha Abaqambi Italian. kweminyaka esithoba kamva, uJohann wemka indawo yakudala yaye uya kufuna entsha.

in Kothen

Umxhasi umqambi waba inkosana eyayithanda umculo yaye bexabisa umqambi kwetalente. Waza wamnika isithuba Kapellmeister wabanika inkululeko engakumbi yesenzo. Bach, elizibandakanye uluhlu lwe imisebenzi unesimilo wempangelo, wafumana imvume kunye ingqalelo. Uye labhalwa umculo ngenxa clavier, yohambelwano imixholo isiFrentshi kwaye IsiNgesi, preludes zokuhlola ngaphezu ezimbini kunye fugues. Ngeli xesha liquka ukudalwa odumileyo Brandenburg Concertos. Kule mihla, iye yenziwa orchestra kwegumbi.

Kwakhona waqamba ikonsathi eziliqela. Bach, uluhlu imisebenzi ngelo xesha kaninzi umsebenzi ngesimilo ukonwabisa, sonatas wadala kunye nokusebenza wedwa ngenxa yomculo, nelembande, uThandeka ngathi iingoma ochwayithileyo. Nakuba kunjalo, kuzo eekonsathi zakhe zonke isixhobo bafumana isandi elizimeleyo.

yomculo

Ngeli xesha eJamani, omnye abaqambi abaziwayo baye uJohann Sebastian Bach. Works ludwe ngoku iquka umculo yonqulo, lakhula ngokukhawuleza. Umbhali ubhale iiMisa ezininzi ngamabali yeVangeli abaphakathi intle kumqambi. Njengoko umculo mlawuli amabandla esi sixeko, wadala uthotho cantatas zonqulo, ezo zisekelwe chorales amaProtestanti. Kufuneka kwakhona ziyathetha 'kwiingqungquthela B Minor, "apho zicatshulwa babesebenzisa inxenye evela cantatas wakhe osenyongweni.

nomculo wezwe

Nangona kunjalo, abantu behlabathi, ukuzonwabisa ukubunjwa waqhubeka lokuhlala kwindawo ebonakalayo emsebenzini wakhe; nibanikiwe ukubaluleka ezizodwa Iogann Sebastyan eArabha. Works, uluhlu apho liye landa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa ezona ngoma yabhalwa ngu umculo ngokukodwa iNdibano umbhali, waya ebuncwaneni nkulu yehlabathi. Bona aziswa unanamhla. Bach, uluhlu iimveliso ziyahlaziywa rhoqo iintlobo ngeentlobo umsebenzi, eli xesha wadala yakhe edumileyo "Coffee Cantata", yaye inani concertos ukuba cello kunye harpsichord.

In the 1740s emva kwexesha umqambi wabhala umjikelo omtsha kuqulethe richercars trio kunye izimiso ukuba prepodnos isipho kukumkani ebizwa ngokuba "Ukunikela Musical". Ngelo xesha wabhala eziliqela fugues apho wabona ngokucacileyo ubuchule bakhe polyphony. Lo msebenzi engazange walibona ukukhanya ngexesha lokudla kwakhe kwaye yapapashwa emva kokufa kwakhe, oonyana umqambi bakhe.

iimpawu imisebenzi

Imisebenzi edume Bach, uluhlu esele thaca ngentla ibonisa iimpawu uphawu imiculo zakhe. Umqambi ke kufanele, ithathwa njenge inkosi polyphony, fugues bakhe, sonatas ukuqhama okumangalisayo isandi usinga, umbala kunye ezahlukeneyo izandi. Wathi ngexesha lokudla kwakhe egqalwa inkosi nanto lo mdlalo kwi-organ. Emva koko omnye abaqambi ababa mni na naye kule fomu art.

Enye inkalo ye Bach kukuba uye wasebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zomculo ezithandwayo kwinkulungwane XVIII, ngaphandle opera. Noko ke, kusekho iinjongo zakhe kwezinye yemisebenzi yakhe weekwayara. Umbhali ngobuchule ezidityanisiweyo ukufikelela abaqambi ezisemantla kunye nakumazantsi e-Western Europe. nempembelelo enkulu phezu kwalo ephethe umsebenzi iimvumi German, Italian kunye nesiFrentshi.

Bach ngobuchule idibanisa umculo wabo, badla kwakhono imisebenzi kwezinye abaqambi. wayesoloko ehleliweyo imisebenzi yakhe, nto leyo kamva waba ekuthiwa iinguqulelo inshorensi, elizimeleyo yokuqala. Kwakhona waqamba ngempumelelo kunye Keyboard Works. Abaninzi kubo baye baba uhlobo isikhokelo yokubhalwa kunye nokwenziwa polyphonic umculo: Amava Bach buzisa abafundi ukuba ubuchule kunye nangaphezulu wenza ubuchule kokusebenza beneempahla zokuvuma (Clavier ubonisa).

Ixabiso abangabasemisebenzini umqambi

Kukho imbono noko ngokubanzi ukuba Bach yalityalwa emva kokufa kwakhe. Noko ke, akunjalo; umculo wakhe organ kunye chorales baqhubeka isandi ezicaweni andilahlekwanga nokubaluleka unanamhla. Kodwa ke into yokuba endaweni ngexesha ezimbejembeje weza classicism, leyo ijolise hayi kwi polyphony, kunye nemvisiswano. Ngenxa yokuba abaqambi ezininzi ngokwenene baqalisa ukuqwalasela umculo Ioganna Sebastyana lixesha.

Kodwa ababhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezifana uBeethoven kunye uMozart wayedla iyayithanda umsebenzi ezihlangwini zakhe ezinkulu. Zombini kufundwe imisebenzi yakhe, apho waba nempembelelo enkulu ngomsebenzi wabo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yanamhlanje imisebenzi umqambi kaThixo lukwa yinxalenye emiboniso ikonsathi, omnye nomsebenzi inye weva kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo, njengoko ingengabo bonke amanqaku uJohann eziqulathe ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga lezixhobo. Bach, uluhlu in Russian owaboniswa kweli nqaku uluhlu nje ngokufutshane imisebenzi yalo umqambi nomculo ngutitshala obalaseleyo.