Ukubaluleka ngamazwe ulwimi Russian. Ixabiso ulwimi mihla Russian

"Yaye siya kukubumba, Russian, likhulu igama Russian ..." - la mazwi wembongi uAnny Ahmatovoy, angalahlekelwa zalena amashumi eminyaka. Ukuchuma inkcubeko kazwelonke kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi sengqondo abantu basebenzele kwimbali yawo. ulwimi Russian lifikile indlela ende yophuhliso. Namhlanje, ndicinga phezu yintoni intsingiselo ngamazwe ulwimi Russian, nje khangela kwi-manani. Ngaphezu kwezigidi 250 uthethe kuyo kulo lonke ihlabathi - eli nani ngaphezu umxhelo.

Imida nezenyama ingcamango "ulwimi Russian mihla"

Ukuthetha ngeli xesha ebonakalayo necacileyo, ngokufanelekileyo cinga xa oku modernity iqala. Philologists bavakalisa iingongoma ezintathu imbono kwi ingcamango "zale mihla Russian." Ngoko ke, uqala:

1. Kususela kwimihla A. S. Pushkina. Imbongi omkhulu Russian, abaphengululi bakholelwa, iye thaca inguqulelo Russian ulwimi Russian zoncwadi, apho bonke namhlanje, nangona ubukho kwi isigama Alexander historicism kunye archaisms.
2. Emva kokuba ngoloyiso-Oktobha Revolution. De-1917, i-alfabhethi kunye awohluke kule leta kulwimi Russian yahluke kakhulu ukusuka ngoku. Umzekelo iphawulekayo le - le ncwadi "er" ( "b") ekupheleni amanye amagama, ngoku ebizwa umqondiso nzima.
3. Emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR. Kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini yokugqibela ulwimi Russian baqalisa ukutshintsha, ngenxa inkqubela zeteknoloji ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona negalelo kule abafowunelwa ngamazwe - isigama elinye ilizwe zisetyenziswa kwelinye. Ixabiso ulwimi mihla Russian kukhulu ukuba uluntu ehlabathini, ngoko iingcali zeelwimi basebenza nzima ukuphuhlisa nto.

Distribution emhlabeni

ulwimi Russian waba lweenkobe kubantu abaninzi abahlala kummandla Russia, amazwe ico aphesheya, wathabatha kule nkalo wesibhozo. Ngamanani ethetha, wangena encotsheni ezintlanu ziqhelekileyo: million 260 abantu kuwo ukucinga ngokukhululekileyo baveze izimvo zabo. Kuyinto yesibini kuphela IsiNgesi (1.5 billion), IsiTshayina (1.4 billion), IsiHindi (600 million), IsiSpanish (500 million) kunye Arabic (350,000,000). imephu Visual ibonisa ukubaluleka ngamazwe zolwimi Russian ngayo njengoko kuthethiweyo kumazwe zeMpuma Yurophu, kwimimandla yeBaltic neCaucasus, Finland, eJamani, China, Mongolia, eUnited States Australia. ERashiya, oko anawo 99,5% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke. Oku oyintsobi kunokuba esifaka xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe.

ulwimi Russian kwimimandla

Isizathu ukuze kwakhiwe neziyelelane kunye sociolect kaninzi iba indawo enkulu lokuhambisa lwesigodi ethile. Ngoko ke, esekelwe kumava Russian ezi lwimi hybrid kwaye uvumelane: surzhik (Ukraine), trasianka (Belarus), Russenorsk (Kola Peninsula) kunye nabanye abaninzi. Nezendawo mava kwiindawo ezincinane. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo nesigama ziyahluka kakhulu.

Kwamanye amazwe (Germany, USA, uSirayeli), uMenzi iindawo yonke Russian-abathetha, ezinye apho kukho ekwanti kakhulu abanye. Oku kwenzeka xa inani abafuduki abasuka eRashiya kwanele ukwakha uhlobo yoluntu. Ngenxa umdla olukhulayo abemi bezingaqhelekanga nenkcubeko yamazwe ico. Ixabiso ulwimi Russian kwi kubomi amaJamani, amaMelika, amaBritane anda kakhulu.

ngosuku Memorial

UNESCO abantu iye yakwazi ukuba kulondolozwe ilifa lemveli ezibonakalayo kunye nezo zingabonakaliyo kwezizwe ezininzi. Ngoko ke, nyaka ngamnye ibhiyozelwa ngoFebruwari 21 Usuku Mother Language International kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo. Ukuba iziganeko ezinjalo ivumela ukucinga ukubaluleka lemveli abantu babo kunye nokuvuzwa kwibala lwehlabathi.

Kuba baseRashiya, siku ra ku velekiwa ka Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina waba neminyaka kufutshane kwe-5 eyadlulayo, xa Juni 6 lwabhengezwa uSuku ulwimi Russian. Oku kungenxa igalelo elikhulu zombhali kuphuhliso inkcubeko. Ukubaluleka ngamazwe ulwimi Russian iyanakanwa kumazwe amaninzi emaqandeni, ngoko olu suku lubhiyozelwa ezikolweni kunye neeyunivesithi yamazwe ico. I-UN General Assembly isakhiwo umbhiyozo lukhatshwa iintetho ulwazi, imifanekiso eshukumayo, ukhuphiswano abafundi.

ulwimi Russian ngokubambisana ngamazwe

Okwangoku, kuba kuyingxaki ukufumana indlela olusetyenziswa kuqhagamshelwano kumazwe 250. Wonke ummi kunye nembeko bobabo ilifa lenkcubeko urhulumente futhi lukhetha ukuthetha ulwimi lwabo kuphela. le ngokuntsokotha sisusiwe kunye nemvume ebizwa ngokuba iilwimi zehlabathi, eziquka Russian kunye nehlabathi noluntu. Namhlanje, kuba yindlela yonxibelelwano kumabonwakude, moya, urhwebo. Kakade ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ulwimi Russian ngenxa yokuba kukho izigidi zabantu abathetha ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini jikelele. Wonke umntu onengqondo iyakwenziwa nivakalisa iingcinga omkhulu Mihaila Vasilevicha Lomonosova, Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo kunye nabanye ababhali Russian phambili.

Ukubaluleka ngamazwe ulwimi Russian isibalo

Kwihlabathi kukho malunga 2,000 iintlanga, ngalinye okwakha kusetyenziswa ngolwimi kubomi bemihla ngemihla lweenkobe. Kuba abantu abaninzi, ulwimi Russian iye yaba yesibini ibaluleke ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Emva kokuwa eSoviet Union abantu Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine kunye Belarus akayi kuniyekela ulwimi Russian njengoko olusemthethweni, ngoko kwenziwa iintetho kamabonakude ezininzi. Xa amasimi yobudlelwane bezizwe, lisetyenziswa zizazinzulu, oonozakuzaku nabezopolitiko.

ulwimi Russian belingana kunye IsiNgesi, French, IsiTshayina, Arabic neSpanishi phakathi ezintandathu iilwimi ezisemthethweni UN. Oku kuthetha ukuba tipolitiki ezivela eRussia ithuba lokuvakalisa ngokukhululekileyo iingcamango zabo kwiinkomfa zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukubaluleka yehlabathi ulwimi Russian ehlabathini kungenxa yokuba inani labantu umnikazi wazo, yena uphakathi yesihlanu.

lwezichazi Russian

Naliphi igama lwesigodi ezibhalwe magama eziyichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwazo bamazwe angaphandle. Ixabiso lolwimi Russian ehlabathini bukhulu kangangokuba abantu onke amazwe abukhali ukwazi yonke nezo zayo, qonda ixabiso amagama amatsha kunye namazwi evela izichazi-magama, nabanako ukwahlulelana zibe nolwimi Encyclopedic. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ke izichazi-magama, wafika kuqala apho phandle ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva imithamo ezintandathu. Kakade ke, unyaka iimpapasho ezifanayo zihlaziywa qho ngonyaka. Okona kubaluleke i Dictionary of Language Russian, inguqulelo yokuqala apho wakhululwa ngowe-1863, yaye uhlelo esikolweni mqulu yakhululwa ngo-2013. Sicinga phezu yintoni intsingiselo ngolwimi Russian, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo imisebenzi izazinzulu, iingcali zeelwimi, ngenxa apho ulwimi luyaphucuka kunye luphila. izichazi-Multi-volume ukuvumela ukuba ukufunda zonke iimpawu nefonetiki kunye orthoepy njengabemi bomthonyama Russian basemzini.