Dovmont (Pskov prince): Biography, bafeze

Dovmont Prince (Timoti) - Pskov irhuluneli 1266-1299 gg. Apha ebalini, wangena njengenkokheli onesiphiwo yasemkhosini. Dovmont uqulukubhode ezichazwe yeziKronike yamandulo. Eyona yaphumelela amadabi kunye amaJamani kunye Lithuanians. Phantsi kolawulo lwakhe, Pskov ngenkulungwane ye-13 okunene balahle ukuxhomekeka evela Novgorod.

biography

Dovmont (Prince of Pskov) wayengunyana umzalwana Mindaugas Voishelk, ngokutsho kwabantu, naphezu enye - a Troydenya kwisalamane. wayevela Lithuania yaye oluninzi Nalshanskaya. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, Dovmont wayetshate udade umfazi Mindaugas. In Bychowiec Chronicle ithi ukuba wayetshate udade umfazi wayo Narimonta. Ngokutsho yeziKronike, nezingqino, Dovmont wathabatha inxaxheba ngqo kwi ukubulawa Mindaugas ngo-1263-m. Kamva ke wawa umusa kunye Voishelk. Le yokugqibela ngo-1264, waba kuthathwa isikhulu inamandla Lithuania.

Imbonakalo ngokuyimpumelelo Russian

Ngowe-1265-m Dovmont wemka Lithuania waya Pskov. Ngelo xesha, esi sixeko zafumana ixesha ngokwanelisayo nzima. Alexander Nevsky wafa kutshanje. Umlawuli entsha, Prince Yaroslav, engazihlambanga amandla okanye iitalente ezibe umzalwana wakhe omdala. Amandla akhe ayikenziwa kuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo - vechniki Novgorod akazange afune ukubona inkosi yakhe. Grand Duke wabeka irhuluneli Svyatoslav, unyana wakhe. Okukhona Ndacinga nga ngokuqinisa imida kunye nokudityaniswa ngamandla umlawuli sixeko. Ngoko ke lahlala phezu Prince Yaroslav.

Nangona kunjalo, esi sixeko kwakufuneka enkwantyisayo ukuba unako ukukhusela abantu uMyalelo, Lithuania, kwaye akanyanzelekanga ukuba nomlawuli olukhulu. ukukhetha Abantu lwawa phezu Dovmont. Ayikho into edityaniswe ukuba Lithuania, yaye wayengekho umntu ongamaziyo. abalawuli abaninzi Lithuanian lwenzeka ukusuka nokuxubana kunye nolwimi lwabo lweenkobe yi Russian.

Inkangeleko encwadini yeembali Dovmont iqulethe yokuqhagamshela izixhobo ngokwaneleyo. ISibhalo ithi Voishelk wayithimba Lithuania, ke yona eyomninawa wakhe wabaleka kunye neqela. Xa ibandla yena bangabhaptizwa aba bamamkeleyo ugama linguTimoti. Dovmont waba ngumlawuli omtsha umzi. De kokufa kwakhe, wathi ezabiwa ukukhusela abantu kunye nemida. Waba odumileyo Dovmont ikrele. Kamva, baye basikelelwa nezigigaba onke amadoda. kweminyaka 200 kamva ngokunzulu yanikwa unyana ka Basil II Dark - kaYuri.

Le bamba Polotsk

Dovmont (Prince of Pskov) yakhokela squad, yaye "asithoba abathathu" amadoda bokulwa. Nabo uDavide Yakunovich, Lithuanians - Luka Litvin. Madoda kukhona siyathandaza amahlathi ashinyeneyo, kukunaba p. Great Dvina. Elaneleyo lokufakwa ngesiquphe esikhulu kwaye olomeleleyo Polotsk Dovmont kwakungayi kuba amandla. Noko ke, wakwazi ukuba zifake umfazi Gerdeni kunye nabantwana. Ukufakwa rich okuthinjiweyo endleleni, wayishiya Polotsk. Zonke convoys uthubelezise phesheya Dvina, lo gama Gerdenya ndawonye namahlakani. Ngaphesheya komlambo Dovmont wayeka ulundulule ixhoba kunye namabanjwa ukuba Pskov inxalenye amaqhawe alo. Kungekudala yabonakala Lithuanians. Guardian kuyalelwa ixesha Dovmont. Waqoqa owamahashe, ngesiquphe hit the Lithuanians. Iintshaba musa nalo ixesha ukuthatha umyalelo. Ngoko ke igazi omncinane (enye kuphela wabulawa Derpt) Dovmont uthi uloyiso lwakhe lokuqala.

umkhankaso entsha

Ngowe-1267-m iinjengele Russian bafudukela Lithuania. iindawo Umda karhulumente yatshabalala. Lithuanians akazange ukukhusela ilizwe labo; kodwa musa eze ekufuneni. Njengoko iirekhodi Chronicle, Novgorod kunye Pskov salwa ngomnyaka, wafika utsalo kunye lossless. On porubezhe ababanga kwegazi kunye namaphulo ngempumelelo. Lithuanians ixesha elide yaphela behlasela zabo.

"Uxolo" kunye amaJamani

Scaring Lithuania Dovmont (ePrince of Pskov) bagqiba ukuzibandakanya umkhosi enkulu kulwa Crusaders. amadabi ukuba amanyathelo zentsimbi kartel Danish, abaye azinziswe ngokwabo kwizixeko yonxweme Rakovore kunye Kolyvan. Bandifikela ngamandla ukutshintshisa Novgorod.

Ebusika 1268 iinjengele yokuqala Russian kunye nemikhosi yabo bahlanganisana ngaphandle kweendonga zesixeko. Ukuqokelela kunye wabasebenzi. Bona ayalwa uMikhail Fedorovich (burgomaster) kunye Kondrat (tysyatsky). Ngokutsho yemicimbi yemihla, umkhosi wababala abantu abamalunga nama-30 amawaka. AmaJamani wathumela abathunywa ukuba benze uxolo. Ngokwesivumelwano, Banika ukuba ukunceda rakovortsam kunye kolyvantsam - ukumkani abantu. It novgorodtsev eyicwangcisa, kuba eyona njongo iphambili yaba kartel Danish. Kuba umkhosi Russian, kwakubalulekile ukuba uyeke amaJamani. NgoJanuwari, inani 23 (1268), Warriors yafudukela Rakovor. To Narva wahamba kancinane - iiveki ezintathu. Voivod ukunika abantu ukuphumla, ngoxa ezweni labo. Ngaphandle ekulweni amajoni bawela umda. Knights ngokwabo endle akazange nabuganga aphume, walifihla emva kweendonga ezinde.

Wayesilwa Ratiu German

Februwari 17 umkhosi ukuma emlanjeni. Kegoli. Morning, kwathi gqi kufuphi umkhosi waseJamani. Yena umgca phezulu iingozi "ihagu." uxolo Ityikitywe ndlela anyhashwe amaJamani ngokwabo. amajoni Russian wathabatha umyalelo eqhelekileyo - "ebunzini". Xa iziko bema athathwe, kwaye ngasekunene nangasekhohlo amacala - guards ihashe. Kulo efanayo Ukuze umgca phezulu phambi yomkhosi kunye Neva Ice. Noko ke, esi sakhiwo ke wayesazeka amaJamani.

NguDmitry Pereyaslavsky, ngubani yinkokeli imikhosi Russian, Beka nibantu bambalwa kakhulu yaseTver squad, yaye eziseleyo regiments amahashe ikhokelwa yi iphiko ekunene ukuqhushumba kweli icala engalindelekanga kunye namandla. Apha Ndaphakama ngokwakhe. Iphiko Ilungelo naye Dovmont (Pskov Prince).

Ukuqala imfazwe ngathi Battle of the Ice. AmaJamani wabalekela Russian "ebunzini". Novgorod walwa phantsi koxinzelelo enzima ngenxa yotshaba. Ngxwelerha baba phezulu, kodwa amaJamani akazange ukuphatha ukuba atyhudise i "ebunzini". Ngenxa yoko, inani zokulwa zathi saa, yaye wonk 'wayemlwela yedwa. Bentaba Novgorod wazikrazula kubo Izihlalo zabo. Emva koko washiya ekulweni wangena yaseTver uMikhail squad. Noko ke, kuba amaJamani, oku bengalindelanga. Towards the kwaqeqeshwa back-up washiya Michael. Ke kwelinye icala edabini wajoyina kula mabutho: Pskov, Vladimirec, Pereyaslavets. Le igalelo umsindo kwaye kakhulu kangangokuba Knights kwi yokothuka aqala ukwehla. Ukusuka itshabalalise kubo wakwazi ukubaleka, njengoko kwaba indlela omnye umkhosi waseJamani. amajoni Russian kwafuneka bayeke nokusukela ukuba ngokutsha. Noko ke, amaJamani akabanga nabuganga lokunyathela. Battlefield wambu zizidumbu kwaye igcwele igazi, ngoko bayayoyika ukuba basondeze kwelinye icala wasendle waza wema apho kwada kwahlwa. Ebusuku, lo Knights ngasekhohlo. Pereyaslavl wathumela ajikeleza akabafumananga nokuba-2 okanye ka-4 okanye 6 iiyure behamba.

livumela

Dovmont akazange inxaxheba ngaphakathi, nangona abaninzi abalawuli bazama ukuba awele kwicala labo. ERashiya, kuba lixesha elinzima. Baqala ke ukuba balwe abalawuli wokulawula Vladimir, nakulo lonke ilizwe. Inkokeli enkulu yaba senior unyana Aleksandra Nevskogo , nguDmitry. Noko ke, waya umzalwana eliphakathi - UAndrew. Wathenga khan Tudamengu emfutshane ngukumkani ku Vladimir.

Russ waya ngehashe, kunye nomkhosi Tatar Alchedaya Kavgadyya ukuba noAndreya ukuba etroneni. Yemihla wamxelela indlela amajoni saa emhlabeni ekhangela Russian nguDmitry. Kodwa Uyakulibamba abazange ukusebenza ngenxa izinduna zabo omalunga kunye nosapho lwakhe, waza wazimela Koporje, apho waqhubeka mali zakhe. Apha nguDmitry wayefuna ukuhlala ngaphandle ukuhlaselwa uze ugcine namandla. Ibale kwinkxaso yabantu Novgorod, apho walwa Knights. Noko ke, abo wamngcatshayo yaye abamba ehanjiswayo. Befuna transfer Koporje iirhuluneli, baye babathimba iintombi nguDmitry kunye sisondele kuye izinduna kunye nabantwana babo, nabafazi.

Ukuthatha Pskov yinkosana yeemfazwe zembujiswano kunye

Le nqaba ibekwe Novgorod abantu ekampini nguDmitry wavalelwa Ladoga. Wajika zonke bamshiya kwaye ediniwe. Kwaye ngeli thuba nembuzwano kuqala kwaye kuphela ixesha ababandakanyekayo Dovmont. Ngelo xesha yena wayemi ecaleni kweentsizana. Ngesizathu esithile, oku kwenziwe, ngokucacileyo hayi ukuya ekupheleni. Ngamana ukuba badlale indima yokuba owayesakuba yokulwa abazalwana, uyakwazi nomini (Dovmont kwabalelwa nguDmitry e-mthetho), kunye mhlawumbi Pskov Prince wabona basemfudusweni kuphela qhawe ukuba ukukhusela ilizwe ukusuka iintshaba. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kwafika ngokukhawuleza kwi Ladoga, sikhululwe kubantu bonke.

Emva kwexesha, ndahlala phantsi kwakhona, nguDmitry e noVladimir. Kwaye emva kweminyaka emine okokuqala kwimbali Russia, woyisa umkhosi anayo. Kukholelwa ukuba i "idabi elifanelekileyo 'yokuqala kunye Mongols kwenzeka kuphela 1378-m p. Vozha. Kodwa kwenzeka kakhulu ngaphambili. Ngowe-1285 wenza irekhodi encwadini yeembali ukuba Prince Andrei Gorodetsky wakhokela anayo prince umninawa wakhe omdala Dmitri. Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela wahlanganisa umkhosi wawagxotha Mongols elizweni Russian.

Kunyaka ophelileyo yokuphila Dovmont

Ngowe-1299-m, ebusuku, Knights waseJamani ngokuzola ngekroba esixekweni. Bona perepozli ngokusebenzisa stockade waya ezitratweni belele. Baye nabalindi babulala iimela ezibhityileyo. I kuqala izinja amaJamani Kromskom. Ngoko nangoko sesihamba ixilongo, kwakhala intsimbi. Pskovites basaba, bexhobele iindonga zesixeko. Phezu kwenqaba kwabonakala umlawuli namabamba. Yena wayebukele Ufe ke tenements abantu bakhe. ekhusela isixeko ngelo xesha lwaqhutywa ngokunxulumene nemithetho ethile. Ukuba izitha phezu kweendonga, iingcango iyakwazi ukuvuleka.

Le dolophu engundoqo ingqalelo, kodwa hayi zezityalo, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba uyibingelele yamva nje ingaphezu ukunika kuqala. Kodwa Dovmont waya kulwa imithetho. Isango livulekile, yaye sendikhulule mabutho. Xa emnyama kwaba nzima ukwenza ukuba ngubani apho. Pskov wafunda impahla yakhe ihempe emhlophe yi imikhwazo kwabasetyhini kunye nabantwana. Alien azakubalulwa ngokuvutha efudumeleyo kwi iihelmethi zabo, isikrweqe ukukhala. Vigilantes kunkqonkqoza amaJamani, ezingekhoyo baziimbacu, exhaswa kude kancinci, elindele xa uyaziwisa esangweni. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi ndayihlangula, kodwa yabulala abantu abaninzi. Ngentsasa Dovmont Ndabona ke umzi ndingqongwe ngayo kancinci ziintshaba. Abazange acinge ukuba umbusi nobuganga xa bathe baya emfazweni kunye nabo. Noko ke, ukuba wenjenjalo Dovmont. Okokuqala aphume ngesango Wabaleka elihamba, amahashe waya emva kwakhe. Ukususela emlonyeni inqanawa bakhawuleza Pskovy umkhosi. Ayikwazanga ukumelana Knights German, babaleka ngemikhonto amakrele, waziphosa emanzini, wagidima waya ezingekomiswa, ndakhwela ezindulini. Pskovites yabhiyozela enye loyiso, esazi ukuba kuya kuba ngabokugqibela for Dovmont.

ukufa

Singqongwe luthando nombulelo yabantu baloo dolophu, Dovmont ngokucotha obebuza. Kwakubonakala ngathi zonke imikhosi akunike emfazweni yokugqibela. Noko ke, encwadini yeembali, wathi mhlawumbi baqweqwediswa isifo - abantu abaninzi bafa ngaloo nyaka. May 20 umzimba Dovmont libekiwe Emnye Church. Kungekudala, igama njengengcwele for anobukroti. Lwekrele, ngayo akazange wahlukana Dovmont esaphila, wayibeka phezu ibhokisi.