Ukuchaneka yeli qela ngoomatshini. Indlela ukunyenyisa nokuchaneka iwotshi ngomatshini?

Swiss okanye mhlawumbi Japanese, mechanical okanye zwi - yintoni ixesha kakhulu oluchanileyo? Ngaba yinyaniso into yokuba ikwazi silindile Swiss ngomatshini nguye ireferensi? Ngubani kuyimfuneko ngokubanzi zewotshi kakhulu ichanekile ehlabathini? Indlela ukunyenyisa nokuchaneka kwezi wotshi? Kweli nqaku uza kufumana impendulo kuyo yonke le mibuzo.

iiwotshi Mechanical - ukuchana, ixesha-kuvavanywa

Eminyaka, abantu basoloko ukuza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa yaye elona xesha. Ngokomzekelo, ngosuku libalele ecacileyo kunye nexesha elimiselwe intshukumo emthunzini kwelanga, kodwa imozulu enamafu ebusuku, le ndlela ndingento yanto. Kwakhona, ukuba elona xesha kusetyenziswa amanzi kunye wotshi zamakhandlela.

Sisihlandlo sokuqala ngaashi, nto leyo yaba umnyele amanzi, labhalwa emva III BC kwinkulungwane. e. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi e China yasungulwa iwotshi kunye mercury kubangela. Ngenxa yoko, umlindo yokuqala iankile kokusungulwa ngqo e-China, kunyaka 725. Kamva, iinjineli Arab ziye zaphucuka ikloko amanzi kunye ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa izinto zidluliselwe ngezinto ezisetyenziswayo ukuqala ukujikeleza. Mechanical iiwoshi nodonga pin aqala wadalwa phakathi kwenkulungwane XIV. Ke kaloku, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI yayiyilwe yi iindlela ngasemthonjeni, kwaye imizekelo yokuqala iwotshi epokothweni. kamva lwasungulwa iwotshi kakhulu ngqo kunye indlela pendulum.

Le wotshi zokuqala ngomatshini ngaphandle yokucofa, njengesilinda intsimbi kunye beep emva kwexesha elithile. Le wotshi endala ngaphandle yokucofa, kuze ngoku andilahlekelwanga ngempumelelo yabo, ukubukela model ngonyaka 1386, ibekwe waseBritani Salisbury weemonki. Kaloku, nilindile kakhulu epokothweni - iwashi eziphathwayo, eyenziwe Peter Genlaynom ngo-1504 eJamani. Ngowe-1790 e-Switzerland, "Jacquet Droz and eLashio" thaca yokuqokelela lokuqala iiwotshi.

Ukuchaneka - le nangokuthobeka yookumkani

Le wotshi kakhulu elizeleyo atomic. Kukho atom, rubidium yehayidrojini atomic, lo gama ewotshini echanekileyo kusetyenziswa atom atom intsimi magnetic kunye detectors ezibuthathaka.

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo eUnited States baye benza iwotshi ichanekileyo ehlabathini - Quantum Logic Clock. kuphela Ububi yabo iibhokisi enkulu apho icebo yindlela, ngoko nangona kumda, ukuchaneka reference, kubomi bemihla ngemihla ezifana iwotshi akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo, kwaye yalinganisa ixesha ngqo ngayo na imilindo mechanical kunye zwi ngokwesiqhelo.

Ukususela namhlanje, unako ukuthenga iiwotshi lomatshini iindidi ezahlukeneyo iziyilo, ukusebenza kunye nexabiso, kodwa parameter engundoqo xa ukhetha iwotshi na isixhobo le intshukumo.

Zwi kunye ezibonisa mechanical

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo ubuxoki ekubeni usetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ukwenzela ukusebenza indlela clock le. umsebenzi Indlela kwi imifuziselo mechanical inika spring coil leyo zilahlwa kwi igubu kunye ngohlangothi unamazinyo. Qalisa entwasahlobo ijijekileyo kwinqanaba layo eliphezulu kwaye ngexesha imicu drives igubu e ujikelezo, iqala ngqo clockwork sele yonke. Eyona Ububi mechanism spring i - ukungalingani le isantya imicu yayo, nto leyo echaphazela ukuchana iwotshi ngoomatshini. umlinganiselo Standard zokutenxa ukusuka kwixesha ngqo le iwotshi ngoomatshini ithathwa -20 / + 60 imizuzwana ngosuku, kungcono ukuba impazamo awudluli imizuzwana 4-5 ngosuku.

Lo mgaqo uyasebenza iwashi zwi

Umsebenzi clockwork e iiwotshi zwi lwenziwa usebenzisa ibhetri zwi apho amagunya iyunithi yolawulo-elektronikhi kunye umchankcatho iiyure indlela. unit Electronic uthumela ukubetha ngamnye wesibini enjinini esilawula ngaashi izandla. Ngenxa yoko, uzinzo frequency nokuchaneka zwi crystal inikeza, ekuthe iwotshi waza igama layo. Ukuchaneka eyi 20-25 ngenyanga nganye, isantya yesiphoso iwotshi echanekileyo eyi ngaphantsi kwe-5 ngenyanga nganye. iiwotshi zwi musa kufuna rhoqo jiko, kunye nokusebenza neebhetri inokuba iminyaka emininzi.
Singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba nkqu imilindo mechanical kakhulu eninzi ungaphantsi kakhulu ukuchaneka lomlinganiselo ngexesha nayiphi kwimodeli analogue zwi.

Ekukholelwa ukuba Umkhandi inokuthenjwa yaye ixesha elide ngaphezu iwotshi zwi, kodwa ke ngokupheleleyo akunjalo. Resource ukududula izinto kunye neenkcukacha iiwotshi zwi kwiinkalo ezininzi na izicwangciso ezifanayo ngemizekelo mechanical, ngoko iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kufuneka elide inkonzo elide. Ngokungafaniyo imilindo zwi, imifuziselo mechanical ayabiza kakhulu, nkqu imilindo mechanical Russian, singasathethi ke iimveliso kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ehambisana nenkqubo kunye yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elide zemisebenzi yezandla zabo. Ukubeka indlela iwashi yenziwa kuphela ngesandla, kwaye uninzi iinkcukacha iimveliso zwi senziwe kwimigca ezenzekelayo.

Ngoko kuba kokona kulungileyo - oomatshini okanye zwi?

Ngelishwa, impendulo ecacileyo lo mbuzo akukho. iiwotshi Mechanical Swiss ezi watchmaking zakudala. Kuba baninzi, iiyure ngakumbi eziqhelekileyo, wazama kunye neenjongo ezidumileyo ngakumbi. iiwotshi zwi izinto zokuhamba ngakumbi oluchanekileyo kwaye musa ukuba rhoqo jiko, koko, le mizekelo ayisindi kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha iiyure - oko ngamnye kwaye kuxhomekeke ikakhulu yokuzikhethela.

imilindo Japanese

iintshukumo Japanese iwotshi azikho luchanekile, kunye nezinye iparameters ezininzi ezikumgangatho iiwotshi Swiss. Okwangoku, iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu eJapan watch kushishino ngokuzithemba abasezikhundleni kwimarike yehlabathi phambili ngenxa udibaniso ngempumelelo ubugcisa yamandulo kunye uyilo ezintsha, elikuvumela ukuba ukuqhubeka iphucule iwashi, kuzale ngemitsha imisebenzi kunye nezakhono. Ngoku, iinkampani zokuvelisa iwotshi Swiss abaninzi bazama ukuboleka iteknoloji yaseJapan electronic ekwenziweni iimveliso zabo.

Japanese Technology watchmaking

Umzekelo, IsiJapanese ukulinda uyilo classic Citizen Chronomaster yeyona iwatshi ichanekileyo ehlabathini, isiphoso sabo wonyaka ungadlulanga imizuzwana ± 5 ngonyaka ngamnye. Indleko yale modeli 70 000 engange.
Ukukhethwa bobabini indoda kunye neemodeli nemazi seewotshi izihlahla likhulu ngokwenene. Imifuziselo ayashiyana design Ingaphandle yokuqala, ukuba zingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, kodwa zonke iimveliso baxhotyiswa indlela eyahlukileyo eqinisekisa ukuba ukuqhubeka nokuchaneka yeli qela ngoomatshini. Brand Japanese kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle - Seiko, Citizen, Casio, laseMpumalanga, Pulsar.

Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi nangobungcibi Japanese yinto chronograph Citizen Promaster Sky, nto leyo iba uyilo elikhethekileyo original kunye nendlela umdla ukufumana ulwazi malunga nexesha ngqo. Inzuzo ephambili iiyure radiosinhronizatsiey kukuba iimveliso ezinjalo akananto iimpazamo yindlela yokubala ixesha, ngenxa yokuba ixesha rhoqo zatshekishwa uphawu irediyo, nto leyo iphuma ikloko atomic. Ngelishwa, le signal awukafikeleli ehlabathini.

imifuziselo Electronic iwashi Japanese

Wabalasela na electronic model Japanese iiwotshi, apho kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto nemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Yonke imifuziselo zenziwa ngentsimbi evela housings intsimbi eqinileyo. iimveliso intekenteke ilifa yaye inqanaba eliphezulu yokuxhathisa lwamanzi kunye ukuqina kumonakalo ngoomatshini.
Inkokeli kwi watchmaking Japanese iseyeyona nkampani Seiko, ngubani kutshanje wasungula iwotshi innovative abanjalo 9F. Enkosi kuye, isiphoso sabo wonyaka ungadlulanga +/- 10 imizuzwana.

The American clock

Imbali kophuhliso kunye ubukho wotshi American lukubuyisela amashumi eminyaka, kubavelisi ukwenza imifuziselo zabo zama ukufanisa isimbo zoqobo, kunye nokuchaneka iwotshi ngomatshini, ekuveliseni US, ayahlukanga ukusuka oomatshini ngqo, ekhutshwe eSwitzerland okanye eJapan. Kaloku, iindidi onobuhle amanani ahlukeneyo, nto leyo zimelwe iinguqulelo bamandulo sporty, uya kusimangalise nkqu umsebenzisi eyona inzima.

iiwotshi kakhulu ngokuchanileyo avelele emkhosini. inkampani Bulova iminyaka eliqela benza kuphuhliso ingqokelela entsha iiwotshi amabhinqa kunye athom abantu, ekuthiwa Precisionist, igama elithetha "ukuchana". Esi salathisi liya luphawulwa imveliso lokuqokelela, kunye umda ngokubethwa Lemposiso +/- 10 imizuzwana ngonyaka ngamnye. imifuziselo zwi ube nezinye iimpawu ezininzi ezintsha - design entsha, a phenyane ngesandla yesibini, nto leyo ukunciphisa imiphumela ebuhlungu lobushushu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa chips ezongezelelweyo abaphethe iinkqubo ze thermoregulation. Bukela has unxantathu akhazimlayo lokungcangcazela apho izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphezulu crystals dihedral.

Ukulungisa ukuchana ukuhamba umlindo

Akuthandabuzeki ukuba, lo nto ibalulekileyo nayiphi imodeli - mechanical iwotshi ukuchaneka, nangona nokumelana, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi ukuya kwimizuzwana eyi-30 ngosuku. Ekwenziweni iintshukumo abenzi esekwe babambelele certification. Zonke izicwangciso zenziwa ngqo kumaziko abenzi. wotshi Mechanical udonga, ngokunjalo ngesandla - yindlela enzima, ngoko ukuchaneka kwazo kuxhomekeka kumsebenzi eququzelelweyo kuzo zonke iinkqubo kunye udweliso lweenkqubo kuyilo kwefowuni.

Xa imveliso iiwotshi mechanical kunye indlela hlengiso ncwadana inikezelwa, kunye apho kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukuchaneka impazamo. Ukuze alungise, kufuneka wazi ezichaphazela lesixhobo kunye nentshukumo.

Simple (single) ubushushu

Kokulungisa ngqo iiwotshi mechanical stroke kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa yinxalenye ibhulorho kwi balance node, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "ubushushu". Esi sikali yi azisebenzisele enye isiphelo apho kukho izikhonkwane ezimbini okanye uvala Kwasika esiswini kwelinye icala - le kwingqikelelo encinane. Le ndlela ingaba ukuchaneka kwalungiswa iwotshi mechanical kwaye ukuqwalasela ubude lonxibelelwano isantya. "Iithemometha" bahluka kuyilo, apho unokuba ubude ezahlukeneyo lutolo, ubukhulu be-apile yahlula neentlobo ezahlukeneyo izikhonkwane. "Iithemometha" kunokuba elula (enye) okanye ezintsonkothileyo (double periods).

iiwotshi Mechanical kuyabiza -

Ukuba sithethe izihlahla imilindo mechanical, ukuba ayivathise izandla zabantu komvuzo ophezulu.

Indleko mveliso ngaphezu ikhulu lamawaka euro. Ngoko ke, ungakwazi uhlale eyongeziweyo lobeko ezahlukeneyo, ixabiso uya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu, Kakade ke, ukuba sele ukulungele ukuncama ukuchana ukuze kulungelwe uqoqosho kunye nodumo.