Ukusela ezabelwe e Russia

Russia namhlanje ingqalelo enye yokusela lizwe kakhulu ehlabathini. Abanye abavumelani nale ngxelo, ngoxa abanye, nokuba nebhongo, kwaye abanye cala. Kodwa xa kuqala wavela Ukusela ezabelwe eRashiya? Ngubani waba wenguquko? Siza kuzama ukuba bayihlole le ndaba.

Nokunxila - isekela engunaphakade Russian?

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukusela ukusekwa ubunalo ngemihla yamandulo, kuvelile, ngoko ukuthetha, ukususela kwasekuqaleni lokusekwa kurhulumente, kwaye umlimi Russian wayesele utywala. Kodwa akunjalo. Rusichi kudliwe iziselo ephantsi utywala ethile amandla elingagqithanga 1-6%: Braga, nobusi, ibhiya, utywala. isiphumo ngokukhawuleza shwaka. Ebudeni bexesha lobudlelwane kwezenkcubeko Byzantium eRashiya ngaphandle ebomvu iwayini yamaGrike, eyasetyenziswa kuphela leeholide zonqulo phakathi kwabantu "khulu" the ubulawuli. Kodwa ezi iziselo abazange beqine kunene - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-12%, yaye asetyenziswa kuphela exutywe ngamanzi, kwakunye njengoko wenzayo e-Greece kunye Byzantium. Xa kwabonakala lwezithuba yokuqala yokusela eRashiya? Njani ukuba kwaqala?

Isidlo - isiko njengenkosana

Old epics Russian, amabali kunye namabali ukhankanye nangamaxesha njengenkosana apho "iitafile zizele." Ezi imithendeleko zabucala, owamcebisa ukuba abathetheli izinduna zakhe. iindibano Afanayo babizwa "Bratchina", yaye abafazi ayivumelekanga kubo. Kodwa kukho iziganeko apho sex siethe wayekho, yaye elinjalo, kulo mzekelo ngokuba "clubbing". De kube ngoku, igama enjalo afumaneka ngolwimi oluthethwayo, umzekelo, "ukudlala unengxowa yemali", oko kuthetha ukuba ukwabelana iindleko ngokulinganayo, ukuba bathenge into ethile kunye, nangona ngokuya amabinzana kunjeya shwaka. Kwaye ubuyele isifundo sethu.

Le iziselo kakhulu ethandwa xa iziganeko ezinjalo Rus wamandulo:

• iwayini ebomvu evela Byzantium (de Mongol lokuhlasela).
• Beer.
• Kvass, oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, kwakhangeleka ibhiya ukunambitha.
• Med. Intsingiselo yegama elithi iguqulelwe kulwimi yanamhlanje lithetha "Mead." Maxa wambi siye senza wolungiso - "ubusi izityhuthutyhuthu", kodwa akubi njalo.
• Braga. Eneneni ke zenza ubusi, kodwa Walekelwa ngezixa ezincinane, kuba akazange ayikho iswekile.

Iziselo enziwe ngokuzimeleyo entendelezweni nganye njengenkosana okanye boyar.

"Pituh bawagxothe!", Okanye ezabelwe yokuqala yokusela eRashiya

Ukuvulwa lokuqala ezisemthethweni "imivalo" sinxulumana igama uPetros Enkulu, njengoko abaninzi basenokucinga nangoko, kodwa omnye umlinganiswa impikiswano kwimbali yethu - Ivanom Groznym.

Emva kokuba kuthinjwe Kazan ezithuba yokusela yaqala ukubonakala eMoscow wabiza zentselo. Emva kwethutyana baqala ukubizwa ngokuba 'zentselo bakakumkani "," izindlu kruzhechnyh. " Kwaba kuphela kwinkulungwane yama-18 baza kwenkcazo 'iindawo yokusela ".

Emva kokuvulwa amaziko ezifanayo iziselo ekhaya wayeka ukuvelisa. Wonke umntu wayefuna ukuchitha ixesha kwindawo exineneyo.

Inyaniso ukwazi kakhulu ukuba iiyunithi lokuqala ulwelo enabizelwa phezulu ukusuka 'imivalo' lokuqala: emphandeni, unyawo, imagi, njl ..

Efanayo kakhulu elithi "yentselo" Tatar imvelaphi kwakuthetha "inn". Oko kukuthi, ekuqaleni kwaba ehotele nonogada namajoni, ngubani abondliwayo iintlobo iziselo ezinxilisayo kuqala.

Kodwa zentselo waqalisa ukutsala uluntu jikelele, kwaye iinzuzo evela kwintengiso iziselo ezinxilisayo kuNondyebo zangaphaya kobesikulindele.

"Pituh (ukusuka elithi" usele ") efihliweyo yentselo le tsar ayizange ukuqhuba kude, thabatha ukuqokelelwa kruzhechny nxamnye ingeniso yangaphambili", - uthi umthetho karhulumente. Oku kuthetha ukuba abasemagunyeni eMoscow State nje abazange balwe nxamnye butywala kweli lizwe, kodwa koko, ukuze kuphuhliswe la maziko kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kotywala phakathi kwabantu ngokubanzi. Amagama pubs eyahlukileyo: "yentselo tsar Big ukuba", "amakhandlela olungacimiyo." Ke bonke babebizwa ngokusesikweni "yentselo tsar kaThixo", yaye ukususela 1651 - "iiyadi kruzhechnyh." Kwaba kuphela ngo-1765-m zibizwa ngokuba "ukusela ekhaya."

I 'Imithetho ezomileyo "yokuqala in Russian

Imeko ne butywala liqulunqe kakhulu kangangokuba Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Kwanyanzeleka ukuba abize i Zemsky Sobor, apho wagqiba okumiselwe ezinjalo "imivalo". Abasemagunyeni ngobulumko kuphela inani ezabelwe ezinjalo, yaye ukuthengisa takeaway ukuba akukho ngaphezu iikomityi omnye. Kodwa akunjalo lula ukoyisa umkhwa abantu. Vodka uthenge emele, ukususela namhlanje iintsuba njengesiqhelo akazange elula. Enye umgqomo enjalo 'ubomi enika yamanzi "okanye" iwayini ashushu "ibamba malunga 14 iilitha othululwayo.

Interesting Eneneni: ubunzima kumiselwe umgangatho yevodka. Ukuba emele ubunzima ngeekhilogram ezingama-30 (malunga 13.6 kg), lo kotywala ingqalelo yomgangatho olungileyo, zingaxutywanga. Ukuba ngaphezulu - umnini elinde disassembly kakhulu. Ngendlela, namhlanje kunokwenzeka kwakhona babhenele zindlela ukuqinisekiswa. Ilitha enye ye ecocekileyo 40% ivodka kufuneka ahlaziye kanye 953 grams.

Pubs close - zokutyela evulekileyo

Ukususela ngo-1881, kuye kwakho utshintsho qualitative kumgaqo utywala i karhulumente apho. Pubs ukususela ngoku ivaliwe. Kodwa kunokuba kukho indlu encinane kawonke - ethengisa utywala okanye kwindawo yentselo (ekuqaleni gama lisetyenziswa ukuba utywala). Kwakukho iiyantlukwano embalwa:

1. Ukongezelela utywala, baqalisa ukuba bathengise okulula, abangancedekanga eziye zenziwa.
2. Yaqalisa esinakho karhulumente kweli lizwe, yaye ngoko, sanyanzeleka iziko efanayo ukuba imvume ekhethekileyo athengise kwaye athenge utywala kuphela kumashishini distilleries karhulumente.

Mendeleev 'yasungulwa' lo yevodka?

Ngelo xesha, ukuba kubiza uthumo olukhethekileyo ekhokelwa yasekhemesti odumileyo Mendeleev. Ugqiba indlela ukubethelela kubemi inkcubeko yokusela, ukuze 'bafunde ukukhangela ukuba yevodka njengento umthendeleko, kunokuba njengendlela ebangela ukunxila kakhulu kunye ukulibala. "

Kuyabonakala ukuba, ngoko, kwilizwe lethu intsomi eqhelekileyo ukuba Mendeleev 'yasungulwa "yevodka. Enyanisweni akunjalo. Yena okokuqala kule kota, kwinqanaba elisemthethweni, baqala ukubiza isiselo esinxilisayo utywala kuphela. Phambi kokuba kwathiwa ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo: ". Umlilo liyajiya kunamanzi" "iwayini ebilisiweyo", "iwayini isonka", "ingaya ngakhona", Igama elithi "ivodka" slang ingqalelo phambi kokuba oku kuvela "amanzi" isinciphiso, "liyajiya kunamanzi" yaye wasetyenziswa kuphela ngokubhekiselele tinctures beziyobisi esekelwe utywala. Ngenxa yoko, kucingwa ukuba ivodka 'yasungulwa "yemichiza wethu odumileyo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba Mendeleev wazisa mihla kangangoko ibathwana othululwayo: 40-45% utywala, abanye - amanzi.

Iingxaki ziya ayilungiseki

komhlaba Excise kukhokelele nomkhwezeli: endaweni iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kuza cheap neetapile ivodka na mgangathweni, njengoko mveliso eliqela ezivunyiweyo wasebenza mhlawumbi ngenxa amazwe okanye iyeza yomkhosi.

Emva kokuba revolution wavalwa ngokupheleleyo urhwebo utywala, kodwa inani layo ziqalisa ukususela 1924. Emva koko, omnye waba uzama ukufaka i "umthetho owomileyo" kwixesha hlengahlengiso, kodwa lo mgaqo-nkqubo sele kutshatyalaliswa kuphela utywala esemgangathweni kweli lizwe, ezifana Republic njengaseGeorgia Moldova ezibe yayisecicini ezikweletini, njengoko ipesenti enkulu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zawo izinto newayini newayini.