Ulawulo lomthetho; imbali izimvo kunye nemigaqo esisiseko

Le mbono "imo yomthetho" - iseti ngezimvo, iingqiqo, iingcamango kunye neenkolelo apho, kwelinye icala, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yabonisa iziseko ubalaseleyo constitutionalism.

Kwelinye - imeko esemthethweni ingcamango elungileyo, yiyo eya kumda, ithi indlela apho kwicala lophuhliso isifundo lomsebenzi zezopolitiko. Kungenxa yoko le nto, kwihlabathi lanamhlanje akukho ithi zomthetho phezu nitrogen zabo, nangona uninzi ukubonelelwa ebhalwe siseko zabo. Awunako ukuba ngoku eli lizwe owakhe imo komthetho kwaye hlobo ngenene, kodwa oku - akukho. State of Law ithathwa ukuba umntu esidlangalaleni, ngokomthetho kunye nemfanelo utsho indlela yayo yophuhliso, equka imigaqo esisiseko ulawulo lomthetho kwaye ngokwenene Kufaka le ngxelo kwimisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla.

Enye kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ulawulo lomthetho luluvo lomnqweno ngonaphakade kwabantu inkululeko, balahle zonke iintlobo zogonyamelo micromanagement, ibonisa imfuno inkululeko yabantu kunye namalungelo oluntu.

ulawulo-siseko zomthetho zisekelwe ukuqonda kunye nokwamkelwa yokuba ukuba urhulumente ukuba kunqandwe ngokusemthethweni kwimisebenzi yabo ngokuphathelele abantu. na yakuvuma ukuba umthombo kuphela yaye ekugqibeleni amandla urhulumente ungummi, kwaye ngoko ke urhulumente elisemthethweni linyanzelekile ukuba lingenise nokuthanda kwakhe.

inzululwazi Modern yezopolitiko zomthetho neenkqubo iifoni ngokulandela imigaqo komthetho:

- ukubunjwa ubukho iifom ephuhliswe kakuhle boluntu;

- lomthetho umda karhulumente uluhlu lwemisebenzi ngokubhekiselele lo mntu;

- ukuvunywa exabisekileyo yembono njengoko igcinwe ebalulekileyo ngamnye, ukunika inkululeko uxanduva yomntu ngenxa kwintlalontle yakhe;

- isiqinisekiso ukulingana ngokusemthethweni kuyilo nesigunyaziso ulawulo kwamalungelo oluntu phezu kwegunya kaRhulumente;

- ukuqaphela ilungelo iimpawu wonke kunye ravnorasprostranennosti kubo bonke abemi kunye karhulumente ngokwawo;

- ukuqatshelwa ephambili ulongamo kwabantu phezu ulongamo karhulumente ;

- a real ukwahlulwa amagunya karhulumente, lo gama kugcinwe ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yezopolitiko kunye nomanyano intshukumo ye abasemagunyeni ukuze kuxhamle abantu kangangoko kuvunyelwa nguMgaqo-siseko;

- sibona umgaqo ka inkululeko kuphela xa kuhlukumeza inkululeko yomnye umntu.

Ubudlelwane phakathi ngamnye kunye nabasemagunyeni emiselwe yi-siseko.

Ulawulo lomthetho, njengoko ingcamango elungileyo, endizibumbeleyo ixesha elide ngenxa yezo zimvo yokuqala abantu inkululeko, amandla kunye isimo yaphuhliswa ngamaxesha amandulo. Malunga ngamandla umthetho owodwa kwaye obungenakutshatyalaliswa, wathi ku-6. BC Greek ukumkani-wenguquko Solon. Phezu kwemimiselo ukulingana kunye nentsebenziswano kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nemithetho karhulumente ekhankanywe kwiincwadi zakhe, Aristotle uCicero. Ngokwengqiqo, njengoko imfundiso epheleleyo, iimpawu kunye nemigaqo ulawulo lomthetho kwi ibalulekileyo laliqulunqwe kwi-18 - 19 kweli imisebenzi nkolelo zokuqala liberalism. Ekugqibeleni, xa intsingiselo yalo, inkcazo "imo yomthetho" iseke ngokwalo kumsebenzi yamagqwetha eJamani - uKarl Welker kunye R. von Mohl phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19.

Ulawulo yomthetho kuphuhliso rhoqo, kodwa ke ukulungisa le "ubume" karhulumente kungenakwenzeka ukuba opredelnie kwaye kuthatha phantsi uphuculo oluqhubekayo Political kunye zezoMthetho System neMisebenzi.