Long-Uluhlu Aviation Russia: imbali kunye nenkcazelo lo moya

Long-uluhlu Aviation Russia ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo ndakukhupha Air kunye yeqhinga amandla enyukliya Russia. Ephakamileyo Umyalelo usebenzisa ukuba ukusombulula iingxaki zokusebenza zesicwangciso ngquzulwano zomkhosi enjalo nolwandle.

History of the Russian ehlala ihleli mboni

Imbali Russian elide-uluhlu lweenqwelo uvela 12/23/1914, xa uMlawuli Nicholas II wakhupha umyalelo ukumisela injini-ezine moya yehlabathi yokuqala butho, enabizwa "ilya Muromets". Yaba iinzame yokuqala lwehlabathi yokuhlanganisa ekuhlaseleni yeklasi enzima. Waba umphathi butho M. V. Shidlovsky, elizibandakanye umoya amandla Navy Sebe. Ngelo xesha, yena usihlalo emele le mveliso imoto Russian-lweBaltic, apho wavelisa umatshini womoya "ilya Muromets".

Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ezi elide-uluhlu wentengo eRashiya ngaphezu kwe 400 yokulwa kwimisebenzi, kuquka iziqhushumbisi kwezibonelelo nelutshaba olucacileyo ezibalulekileyo kunye nemikhosi umhlaba igubu indawo ubuchule. Ngowe-1917, i-butho yayiquka iiyunithi ezine zomkhosi kwaye isebenzisa iimoto ngaphezu mabini. Lonke ixesha moya mnye kuphela kulahlekileyo imisebenzi yokulwa.

Uphuhliso ixesha elide Aviation kwi-USSR

NgoSeptemba 1917, kukho butho of ekuhlaseleni yatshabalala. Aircraft kutshiswa nje, ngoko ke got yotshaba. Long-uluhlu Aviation eRashiya baqalisa ukuvuselela emva October Revolution. 22.03.1918 wakhutshwa umthetho leBhunga Commissars People, nto leyo wabhekisela ukusekwa moya Northern Group "kulya Muromets" amandla kweeyunithi 3 emkhosini.

Enye nqanaba esemgangathweni ekuphuhlisweni eli candelo Aviation weza banesifo zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ngeli xesha, bexhobile umkhosi oselula Russian kunye nezithuthi emoyeni moya zakutshanje Tupolev kunye Ilyushin. Ukususela kwimihla zokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II moya Russian enze yokulwa lamaphulo enzulu emva imigca utshaba ngempumelelo zikude, yintoni wenze igalelo elingathethekiyo uloyiso olukhulu ngenxa yotshaba.

Kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, uphuhliso Aeronautics qhinga sele ifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha. Kwi iingalo baqalisa ukufumana moya mihla "Tu" yaye "IL", ngoku zenza undoqo mihla elide-uluhlu yezokubhabha ye-Russian Federation.

"Muromets kulya" - bomber yehlabathi yokuqala ngobuchule

bomber yokuqala behlabathi, yenzelwe kunye inxaxheba moya umenzi ebalaseleyo I. I. Sikorskogo. Indawo imvelaphi "Ili Muromtsa" - Russian-lweBaltic imoto mveliso. Ixesha lokuqala moya wathabatha ukuya isibhakabhaka 12.10.1913, lo moya de-1918 ezoshishino xa zokuguqulwa ezahlukeneyo. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, oomatshini 23/12/1914 "iikulya Muromets" ziye zadityaniswa ibe butho single - ngokudibeneyo ukulwa moya yokuqala yehlabathi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngoDisemba 23 eRashiya kubhiyozelwa ngomhla moya elikude Russian Air Force.

Moya "Muromets kulya" zasetyenziswa ekuhlaseleni, ahlasele, okanye nihlole. amaqokobhe Bomb kufuneka zibekwe zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle, nkqo ecaleni fuselage. srabatyvatel elektroniki nemipu umatshini ezisibhozo kulindeleke ukuba uvikele moya utshaba kuqala waphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswe ukwenza projectiles. Ekupheleni kweMfazwe Civil, iinqwelomoya lokusinda zasetyenziselwa lombutho yezithuthi yeposi umkhweli kwindlela Moscow - Eagle - IKharkiv. Aircraft "kulya Muromets" akwazi ukufikelela ngesantya esiphezulu of 130 km / h. yehla uphahla wabo wafika 3200 m, flight umgama - up to 560 km, kwaye nexesha lokuhamba igcine malunga 4.4 iiyure.

Lo moya "TB-3" - eSoviet ekuhlaseleni ehlala ihleli okokuqala

Uphuhliso lokuqala Soviet elide-uluhlu bomber yaqala ngo-1925. Sele 1930, kwase yakhe, waba imfihlelo ephawulwe "mbovane-6", wathabatha yesa esibhakabhakeni inyaniso yakho. -Moya yokuqala serial "TB-3" wenza moya kwayo ngo-1932. Ezi ndiza zasetyenziswa ekuhlaseleni, ezothutho yomkhosi kunye kokwehla wobugcisa.

oomatshini Strategic "TB-3" ziye zabonisa yeemfazwe zomkhosi kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Ekupheleni kuka-1930, ngokunxulumene nophuhliso zokhuselo lomoya kunye moya fighter, oomatshini eziphelelwe lixesha, kwaye ngo-1938 imveliso yabo yaphelelwa. Ngaphandle koku, i-moya elicebo "TB-3" ukwenza yokulwa imishini ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

Ngokuba onke imveliso ngexesha ezingaphezu kwe-800 moya zokuguqulwa ezahlukeneyo zenziwa. Loo Umatshini une i iimpawu eziphuculweyo zobugcisa: ngesantya esiphezulu zafikelela 380 km / h, ukuhluza ukuphakama kufika ukuya ku 7000 m kuluhlu yayo malunga 3 amawaka Km.. Lo moya "TB-3" Wakwazi ukubamba ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-2 iintlawulo sazo.

"IL-4" - isiseko elide-lomqolo Aviation kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

ekuhlaseleni Long-uluhlu, codenamed "noMthetho-26" waqalisa ukuba kuphuhliswa CB S. V. Ilyushina ngasekuqaleni 1930. Kwase yokuqala lathumela-1935 Kwaye kwenziwe ukwakhiwa metal eqinileyo kunye ngamaphiko duralumin cantilever. Le fuselage ngokumila iimeko yaye i candelo neqanda emnqamlezweni. Kwase Uluhlu filter kwaba ukuya ku-3 amawaka. Km. Eli qela ibe abaqhubi abathathu, kwaye kwezikhali yayo Uyalwa Wayemelwe yi ngemipu ezintathu umatshini. Sample umboniso kwenzeka ngo-1936, yaye imveliso mass sele lubekhona 1938. Aba matshini-injini ezintsha, ngokuvumela ngesantya ukuya ku 445 km / h. umthwalo Bomb waba ton 2.5, nabo eziphuculweyo iipropati Uyalwa-moya. Iinqwelomoya Russian elide-uluhlu eyama "IL-4" for speed moya uluhlu baba intle kwihlabathi ngexesha elinye.

Kwakhona, kuba i-Air Force of Navy ngokusekelwe umatshini onjalo wadalwa inomzimba "DB-3T" kujongwe ukutshabalalisa ekujoliswe aselwandle kunye Fairways imigodi. Aircraft "DB-3T" waba ubunzima imodeli yokuqala Russian ukuba unako ukwenza imisebenzi ethile kule ndawo.

Ngexesha moya angels "-IL 4" yaba sisiseko Russian elide-uluhlu eyama ekuqhubeni behlasela ngasemva olunzulu lutshaba, izixhobo kwizikhundla zomkhosi zokuchopha. Ngokuba onke imveliso ixesha wakhululwa ngaphezu kwe-7 amawaka. Iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo le bomber kaHomer.

"Tu-4" - wokuqala Russian umoya yenethiwekhi kwezixhobo zenyukliya

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuphela moya kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II Russian ngasekhohlo mba ngaphandle oomatshini eziyimfuneko. Ngelo xesha, "-IL 4" izitya iwele-injini Air bazisebenzise bazigqiba amathuba abo resource zobugcisa. Efanelekileyo yaba umbuzo yokudala uhlobo olutsha bomber qhinga. Ngoko ke moya "Tu-4" - umatshini piston, nto leyo ikopi yokuviwa US umoya yokulwa nqanawa "B-29".

Le bomber owokuqala wazeka yesa esibhakabhakeni-1947, yaye umoya lo moya yaqala ukuya kungena 1949 Uphuhliso nomba koomatshini ezinjalo wanika ilizwe moya mihla, kwaye yazisa uhlobo olutsha kwiinkokeli Soviet kwi Aviation qhinga. "Tu-4 waba santya siphezulu ka-558 km / h, ukuphakama yecebo 11 yaba 200 m ukuya 6200 m kuluhlu. Loo umatshini unalo babexhotyiswe omtsha. Ngaphezu kwama-11 okulahlwayo payload onokuthatha ndiza Russian Air Force. Long-uluhlu yezokubhabha Ndizuze ummeli omtsha unique kokuba uyakwazi ukuqhuba kwibhodi yalo izixhobo zenyukliya ezifana "RDS-3."

"TU-16" - wokuqala jet airliner yaseRussia ixesha elide mboni

"TU-16" lo moya first Russian strategic elide-uluhlu moya ukuba injini ye jet. Injongo yale matshini - ngesisombululo kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo zeqhinga. iinjineli Design Tupolev waqalisa umsebenzi ekudalweni moya ngowe-1950, yaye sele-27 Apreli 1952 kwase yokuqala wazeka yesa esibhakabhakeni inyaniso yakho. Ekupheleni konyaka-moya iyaziswa imveliso mass. Oomatshini "TU-16" okokuqala bajoyine udidi Aviation qhinga ngo-1954

Uyilo lo moya luphawulwa kukho utshayelwe yoo-iphiko kunye nomsila shape efanayo. Le fuselage-moya liqulethe namacandelo amahlanu kwaye icandelo elijekelezayo emnqamlezweni. bomber endlwaneni ebonakala ngengqibelelo aphezulu, yahlulwe kwiindawo ezimbini kwaye luqiniswe zeglasi vehicles neepleyiti zokuzikhusela. moya crew yayiquka abaqhubi ezintandathu. I-injini ephambili yemoto ufakelo ezimbini turbojet zokuguqulwa ezahlukeneyo. Bomber okuthwala ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-9 naweebhombu leyo babekwa gumbi elifanayo. Kwakhona, "TU-16" akwazi Ingalo imijukujelwa ezimbini ezilawulwa ezinamaphiko afana "TT-1".

Model "TU-16" kujike kube yimpumelelo kangangokuba waqalisa esekelwe kwesimo moya kuvelisa "Tu-16P" iinqanawa-zidlula "Tu-163" kwaye yokuqala Russian moya enomjukujelwa ezintsonkothileyo "Tu-16K-10." Kwakhona, le bomber yaba kwase ukuba jet abakhweli-moya "Tu-104", olwaqala ukuvelisa ngo-1964. I Russian moya yokuqala ngexabiso ngobuchule "TU-16" kucingelwa ukuba babe moya basekhaya angaphandle ixesha elide. It Waziqhiwula yena inkonzo ngo-1994 kuphela.

"Tu-95MS" - sisiseko Russian ehlala ihleli mboni

"Tu-95MS" - i-qhinga Russian elide-uluhlu wentengo lwenzelwe enomjukujelwa kunye ibhombu uqhanqalazo kwi izinto zokubhala ngalo naliphi na ixesha lemini kungakhathaliseki iimeko zemozulu. Umsebenzi kuyilo ngesikhephe esisiseko "TU-95" kwaqala ngo-1950 ekuqaleni. Ngowe-1956, lo moya imveliso yokuqala wangena inkonzo ngokwemigqaliselo kwexesha elide mboni.

Ngenxa okukhawulezayo re-izixhobo loLwamkelo qhinga United States, urhulumente waseRashiya kugqitywe ngokusekwa moya mihla ukuba akhuphisane Aviation American. Ngowe-1981, i-Russian elide-uluhlu yezokubhabha uzibandakanya phakathi moya maxesha "Tu-95MS".

Namhlanje, i-injini engundoqo moya elide-lebanga a Russian Air Force vysokoplanom abane iinjini turboprop, apho ibekwe phezu kwamaphiko utolo ezimile. Le nqanawa kufakwa neeyunithi gear mahluko ngayo ukujikeleza kumacala angafaniyo ezimbini zaba nto-blade ezine elijikelezayo. Ndlwana crew ise kwi fuselage phambili, kuba itywiniwe ngokupheleleyo. Kukho kwakhona kuhamba kunye yangasese.

Enomjukujelwa kufakwa izixhobo radar mihla, "Overview," kwi-kwibhodi complex ukuzikhusela, eziquka uphuhliso ezintsha iinjineli Russian zomkhosi, kwakunye nezixhobo ekhubekisayo ukuzithethelela. Okwangoku i-Russian Air Force uye 60 moya "Tu-95MS" zokuguqulwa ezahlukeneyo.

"Tu-160" - "White Swan" Russian ehlala ihleli mboni

Aircraft "Tu-160" i abathwali mihla imizili supersonic. Xa intliziyo design yabo kukutshintsha geometry we iphiko. Ezi abameli Russian elide-uluhlu yezokubhabha kungachaphazela iinjongo ezibalulekileyo kwezixhobo zenyukliya lotshaba, nkqu enzulu emva imigca utshaba nempixano yelizwekazi emkhosini.

Umsebenzi ekudalweni kumatshini loo imfazwe kwaqala ngo-1975. Iinjineli ziye zenza Tupolev bomber zobuchule supersonic. Ngenxa yoko, "Tu-160" idaliwe - cantilever monoplane kumba eliphezulu ratio iphiko, apho kwakukho izityalo ezine ngamandla. design moya kukuvumela ukuba ubeke yonke enomjukujelwa kunye ibhombu kwezikhali kwi lamagumbi efanayo ngaphakathi. moya crew - yabaqhubi ezine, ebonelela cabin enoxinzelelo empumlo le bomber.

I-moya wokuqala waqala ngo-1981, yaye ekupheleni kuka-1980, oomatshini zemveliso ifikelwe inkonzo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-moya "Tu-160" ine ukusebenza best moya kuthelekiswa oontanga zehlabathi. Isantya liphezulu kumatshini nomphakamo ukuya ku-2000 km / h kufutshane emhlabeni - 1030 km / h. Practical yehla isilingi besukelana 16 km yokubhabha lomqolo -. Ukuze 13.200 yeemitha phezu Russian elide-uluhlu Aviation kwezikhali iqulathe yeemoto-15. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba yi "White Swan".

Ngo-2014, eli lizwe wabhiyozela umhla ebonakalayo - iminyaka 100 Russian kwexesha elide mboni. kubhaliwe ngezantsi iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Usuku elide-uluhlu Aviation Russian Air Force

Umhla iholide ukuba abaqhubi Aviation elide-uluhlu Russian-23 Disemba. Ngowe-1999, lo umyalelo ndingumthetheli imini Russian Air Force Anatoliya Kornukova kwachazwa elide-uluhlu Aviation eRashiya. Umhla Disemba 23 awuzikhetheli ejikelezayo. Kwangaloo mini, butho umoya yokuqala "iikulya Muromets" wasekwa ngo-1914.

2014 yaba iminyaka - engama-100 emva kwexesha elide Aviation eRashiya. Kulo mba, baye izihlandlo ezininzi ezizodwa apho. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo ekubhiyozeleni leminyaka yaba kwafunyanwa eziliqela ezikhumbuzo lunikezelwa ekuxabeleni amandla ephambili Force Air. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo lwamkelwe kunye neBhodi Kumagqala Russian kwexesha elide mboni.

isiphelo

Okwangoku, ukuzeka kade uluhlu lweenqwelo eRashiya, enkosi iNkonzo ukuya Lezwe, unelungelo lokuba kubizwa ekuxabeleni amandla ephambili Russian Air Force. Le yunithi yenye bucala ebalulekileyo zesicwangciso-High Command. Air kwecala, leyo ukucombulula imisebenzi zomkhosi, kungakhathaliseki indawo wejografi into qhinga, le Aviation okude Russian. 2014 ube ngunyaka wentlokoma kulo kweeyunithi Air Force. Ngapha koko, loo nto xa lizwe ibhiyozele iminyaka eli-100 ukususela ekusekweni kwexesha elide mboni.