Temple kwi Nerl (Bogolyubovo, ummandla Vladimir): inkcazelo, imbali kunye iifoto

Ukuba ucela nawuphi na umntu Russian ekuthiwa emangalisayo, ngokoluvo lwakhe, iicawa Orthodox, kusenokwenzeka ukuba wothini na ukuzibiza uhombiso Red Square - Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo, ukukhukhumala Russia - uKristu uMsindisi Cathedral netempile kwi Nerl. Kutheni kunjalo? zuza njani olo thando kunye nesizwe ngokubanzi nodumo athobekile kwaye hayi ibandla usembindini bambongozayo kwi Nerl?

Prince Andrew

Eneneni, itempile kwi Nerl - eziphambili eRashiya, koko, ehlabathini kukho imisebenzi evumelana kangaka etempileni yobugcisa, kwaye ngomnye weyona misebenzi mkhulu yobugcisa ngokubanzi. Le ibandla edumileyo ayenzileyo kunye nembali yawo yamandulo kwaye kuphela indibanisela zomgquba izakhiwo kunye landscape. Temple kwi Nerl - ngokuvumelana ngokwayo! kubonakala Le lesikhumbuzo ukuphefumla umoya efanayo yonke iminyaka elingaziwayo kude xa yatyatyamba ubulawuli of Vladimir.

Amazing Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii wayefuna ngokwenene ukwakha enye capital eRashiya, kungcono e Kiev, ezintle eConstantinople, eYerusalem. iminyaka esixhenxe sele ukwakha Vladimir wakhe Prince uAndreya, a lot of iitempile ezintle kwakhiwa. Kuvuthondaba lo msebenzi Bogolubovo waya - Church of kuMoses kwi Nerl 1165. Apha Nerl Klyazma kwakunxibelelene kwaye isebenza esangweni yamanzi amaninzi zorhwebo. Temple kwi Nerl ukuba ikhule ngendlela yemvelo phezu kwenduli, kodwa zange kwakhiwa, ngoko khetha indawo elifanelekileyo.

History of indalo

Ukudalwa yale lesikhumbuzo lu dityanisiwe iimfihlelo ezininzi, kunye nolwakhiwo, kunye yimbali. Yeembali ukukhankanywa ukwakhiwa ulihlwempu kakhulu, amaxesha amaninzi ayiqulathanga imihla kwaye nkqu abamagama angabhalwanga kuboniswe. Enye wabhala ukuba Prince Andrew Y. evela eKiev, wakha Bogolyubny isichotho namatye amabandla amabini. Enye inkcazelo slip ukuba icawa yakhelwe phezu Nerl, kwaye nangezibongozo.

Ubomi Andreya Bogolyubskogo icebisa ukuba Vladimirec waya eBulgaria, apho emva uloyiso wabulawa amanxeba umthetheli Izyaslav Andreevich. Ukwakhiwa kuMoses kwicawa Nerl waqalisa emva koku amaholo. ukusebenza kusakhiwa imihla etempileni kunye namaxesha ukuze ibonwe zethu. Ehlotyeni mnye, wakha itempile, neemonki wahlala naye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, nkqu ngoku ezi zakhiwo zakhiwa kwiminyaka embalwa nabo bonke ubugcisa bale mihla kunye zoomatshini.

umthendeleko Protection

Kwakungekho mbhiyozo enjalo eseByzantium, kuMoses, lo sidumisa eRashiya Alive wazukiswa apha. Ii icon zokuqala umhla esekhona ukususela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine. Bambongozayo Church in nayiphi umlando loo minyaka abachazwa. Ngoko ke, ne Prince Andrew Bogolyubsky kwaye sinxulumana le holide emangalisayo, kubandakanywa ukusekwa yayo eRashiya kuba phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi.

Apha impikiswano enye ubalulekileyo kakhulu ngokuba Church of kuMoses kwi Nerl, ngenkulungwane emva kwenkulungwane, emi kumhlaba wenkosi uya, phantse emzini wakhe. NgokwaKhe Prince Andrew, njengoko kubaphandi abaninzi bacinga wabhala, iitekisi kunye unqulo lwasesidlangalaleni, nto leyo eza kuthi kwizintlu ixesha kamva. Inkcazelo indlu phezu Nerl of Andreya Bogolyubskogo iquka "Prolozhnoe legend", "Inkonzo" yaye "uLizwi." Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ingcamango yeCawa kuqhagamshelo Nerl kunye kuMoses, lo Virgin kweli phulo Russian kwakunxibelelene ngandlel 'ithile kunqulo Blachernae koko ummangaliso.

enye inguqulo

Bhala ngaphezulu malunga omnye ummangaliso ezenzeka ngexesha imfazwe nxamnye iVolga Bulgars. imikhosi Russian wenza phantsi komthunzi emnqamlezweni kunye nemifanekiso kuMsindisi kunye Vladimir uMama kaThixo, ngequbuliso waqala apho kuza imitha somlilo. Kuyinto ke icon ye Our Lady of Vladimir kwaye kwanikezelwa kwakusakhiwa Church of kuMoses kwi Nerl. Ngokubanzi, uninzi lwawo ke sele ifikelele imithombo yethu ixesha bathi itempile ayikho njengoko Pokrovsky, kodwa njengoko Bogorodichny.

Kuyafana kuthiwa zoBomi Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba itempile sokuqala kwanikezelwa ii icon ezimbini, yaye kamva waba Basil, nangona Akubanga ukuthiya ngokutsha okhethekileyo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, into yokuba ezi umfanekiso abangcwele ezimbini inkxaso umkhosi Russian kweli phulo, ulwazi akaguquki. kummandla Vladimir kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi yaziwa ngaphezu kwabo bonke ngenxa yokuba kukho wakha itempile entle kakhulu.

amahlebo design

Nangoku, emva kweenkulungwane ezininzi kangaka, inkangeleko mihla icawa imangaliseke umfanekiso nemfezeko. Ilungelana ummandla kuphela ngokungathi indawo ngokukodwa ezadalwa ngendalo ukuze nto apha ukwakhiwa ibandla bambongozayo kwi Nerl. Kodwa abembi silahle bakuve kuphando lwabo. Kwindawo yokuqala, netempile ngokwalo phambi wakhangela ngandlel ezahlukeneyo, nangona ifuna utshintsho ezulwini silhouette Yayingekho. Iinguqulelo ekuhambeni kwexesha sele kukho okruqulayo, kodwa ke, lo mgaqo, ngasese. Kodwa Hill! .. ngemvelo alo wadala nezandla zabantu.

Le kwamanqwanqwa kuba itempile wawagalela phezu kwesiseko ezintsonkothileyo. Beach apha esezantsi, ummandla wezandyondyo, yaye akukho indalo entabeni akasinikanga. amanzi ukuchitheka basukuma neemitha ngaphezu kwemithathu. Ukuqala ukwakhiwa phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo ayikwazi kuba zendalo, kulikhukulisa itempile ndoze ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngoko ke kuqala ke wabeka isiseko wophawu enkulu, esebenzisa lime. isiseko ubunzulu - ngaphezu enye enesiqingatha ubude, ukuya umaleko nodongwe zwekazi. Kodwa inye into itempile imilambo ibingayi kusindiswa.

Ingxenye komhlaba

Ngelo isiseko Sisiseko beendonga - apha wasebenzisa ilitye ofanelekileyo axholiweyo kakuhle kwaye yengqingqwa. Ubude kwezi iindonga malunga neemitha ezine, yaye bonke zizaliswe ngokupheleleyo nodongwe kuthinteleke ukubola okudalwa, kwaye ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Ngenxa yoko, kuphela inxalenye komhlaba ibandla, leyo siyazingca kummandla Vladimir, kweemitha ezintlanu kunye neesentimitha ezimashumi mathathu.

Ngoku amanzi okhohlisayo umthombo akukho bengothuswa ebandla, leyo imi phezu kwamanqwanqwa endulini ngumntu. Inkcazelo lesikhumbuzo yenkcubeko "ICawa ye kuMoses kwi Nerl" kufuneka iqale nale ngcinga nokuzukisa lobunjineli kunye netalente yokwakha yabantu Russian, nto leyo ehambisana kubo ekuqaleni, kunye kumaxesha amandulo ezinjalo. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ntaba lonke ngaphandle wayifulela Iizilebhu ilitye elimhlophe, njenge iqokobhe, ezibe baxhotyiswa ngamanzi inkunkuma ngohlobo iigatha kunye pier baba kuyiwa ezintle.

Inkangeleko kwetempile

wayeza kuba nako ukufikelela ingqibelelo kunye nokuphelela wetempile kwi Nerl ngaphandle njengokuphakama ngenxa yentaba ngumntu. Kodwa kuphela undoqo yentonga engundoqo, apho oba okuninzi Akumangalisi ukuba abakhi kunye nabayili bezakhiwo, ixesha lethu. Oku kwakubalulekile ilitye elimhlophe ngaphezu kwamanzi endulini ebanzi, esinophahla ibhanti gallery svnushitelnym, netempile ngokwayo kunye lombhobho igubu inqaba, yaye ekugqibeleni, cupola kunye umnqamlezo, zokufuna esibhakabhakeni ngaphezu konke.

Ngoku ke cupola etempileni - riki amajukujuku, waza weHooded, kunye izikali somthi. Kwaye yiloo nto zonke utshintsho. Xa yonke achazwe apha wetempile ayengenazixhobo neegalari zivulela malanga ukuphakama iziimitha ezintlanu nesiqingatha, nakwelasezantsi-ntshona yonke Arcade ipasiswe umxhelo eludongeni ubukhulu, nto leyo yaba ngezinyuko yangaphakathi ukuya ekungeneni beekwayara.

ibonwe

Olinganise etempileni cincile ngokwabo ngathi ubabalo ubuhle, nangona uhlobo oluxhaphakileyo yokwakhiwa: i-olunye intloko, umnqamlezo-angqukuva, trohapsidny, chetyrohstolpny, neenafu ezintathu - longitudinal and enqamlezileyo. Sekunjalo, itempile kwi Nerl yahlukile ngokucacileyo ukususela uninzi amabandla kolu hlobo. Eyona njongo ephambili yale abakhi yaba nefuthe slenderness kunye ephezulu, inqaba enkulu, yaye baphumelela ezininzi lokukwekwa ezibonakala izizathu.

Imfihlelo iinkcukacha, izinto ezo okuphawuleka, kodwa ugxininise kakhulu isakhiwo nkqo. Nazi ke apse avareji eziphakamileyo kancinane, le window phakathi ngentla kancinci abanye. Igubu liphezulu kunesiqhelo, kwaye sele, kunye neefestile elide, elimxinwa. Kwaye iya phezu kwamanqwanqwa ukukhulisa yonke itempile ingakumbi inyusa le njengeminqweno esibhakabhakeni. Nokuba ngaphakathi etempileni yonke indawo ulungiselelwe ngendlela yokuba kubonwa njengesinye intsika zezulu esindayo phezulu.

okwakhiwe

Oncomekayo nangokukrola ilitye elimhlophe, izakhiwo wengingqi abayinqobo buyifanele indlu. A umfanekiso oluthandayo amaKristu Orthodox kaKumkani uDavide kunye yokwenene kunye nezilwanyana kwamnandi, ukuqhama izihombo zemveli ngesiquphe - imikrolo Akumangalisi amantombazana 'ubuso, zilurhangqile zonke olungaphambili etempileni. I iseti mibala uhombiso lwangaphandle yaqhubeka iyimfihlelo uhombiso oqingqiweyo. Ngoku bonke basinda, portraits elinethoba kuphela, kodwa igalari yokwenene portraits oqingqiweyo.

nangokukrola White ilitye - kube lixesha kakhulu olenyayo. Kufuneka ixesha elininzi kunye nobuchule enkulu ecocekileyo zobugcisa. Nokuba nje kanye banciphise ilitye - ngaphezu kwewaka ezivenkileni libetha kamnetosa. A imikrolo ilitye isimo waza imikrolo ibandla kwi Nerl - malunga namawaka amane indoda-iintsuku.

utshintsho

Ukutshatyalaliswa yokuqala kaThixo wazisa feuds njengenkosana emva kokufa Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Emva kwabo imali yesibini neyesithathu, kunye ezingenakubalwa nelahleko zetempile. Kwaye nzulu bayilungise yaqala kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe: kwigalari esihle isuswe, uphahla hipped yenziwe. Ngexesha izikhukhula lo mlambo liphuma kanye iindonga: floe waqhekeza phezu plinth lwetempile. Kodwa oku kwanezincomekayo. Kukho ingozi enkulu 1784, xa umphathi woonongendi lavunyelwa yezixhobo zecomputer abathethelele Church elulwalweni kufuneka nje ukwakha weemonki. Ngenye indlela aphazamise Vladimir Patroness engavumelani noko ixabiso kunye ikontraki umthengi.

Luhlaza - an sisibetho nangakumbi. Ngowe-1877 woonongendi ngaphandle icebiso wezakhiwo wenza kulungiswe itempile. Ke bazixhela esekelwe kwi-mlilo igubu, abaninzi imikrolo ilitye elimhlophe zatshintshwa udaka, netempile ngokungeyomfuneko zibophelela zesinyithi libotshelelwe, ngokupheleleyo akukho mfuneko. Ngo-1919, zonke iitempile ilitye elimhlophe weza phantsi wokhuseleko karhulumente. Godlo - ezimbini - zavalwa de 1990. Ke Church of kuMoses kwi Nerl watshintshelwa ukuvula Bogolyubov eMonastri, uze emva koko uye nebandla lendawo. Ngowe-1992, iCawa kwi Nerl waba sele lukuluhlu yeLifa leMveli kwiHlabathi UNESCO. Kwaye yonke le fasilithi emangalisayo ziya kuba yenye iisimboli Russia.