Kwizixeko ezikhulu Belarus. Inani labemi imizi e Belarus

Republic of Belarus - yimeko elise eMpuma Yurophu. Capital - isixeko Minsk. Belarus ukuya ngasempumalanga iRussia, Ukraine nakwelasezantsi, entshonalanga ye ePoland, kumntla-Lithuania kunye Latvia.

A kancinci lizwe

Urhulumente yahlulwe kwimimandla emithandathu kunye nezithili 117. Inani lemizi e Belarus ufikelela 102, ukongeza, kukho 109 ezilokishini. labemi beli lizwe, ngokutsho ubalo kuqhutywa ngo-2003, abantu abazizigidi 10.3. Kwezi, 80% Belarusians, 12% Russian, 5% izibonda, 2.5% Ukrainian. Population imizi Belarus yi-71% yamanqaku ewonke.

Umfula oyinhloko amanzi - Umfula (kunye nemingenela Sozh, Pripyat, Berezina), Western Dvina umlambo (a uviko Vilia) kunye Western Bug. Kukho amachibi ezimawaka alishumi, le inkulu ke Naroch Lukomlskoe, Drisvyaty kunye Osveiskoye. Ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu kummandla eyayihlala nezimbuku. Okwesithathu kweli lizwe zigqunywe ngamahlathi, ikakhulu coniferous, kodwa ngasezantsi kukho hornbeam, maple, um-oki, uthuthu.

imizi emikhulu Belarus

Makhe uqhelane kunye neendawo ezininzi ezinabantu lizwe. Ukongeza kukho ezintlanu kuphela eyinkunzi. Ngoko ke, imizi emikhulu Belarus: Brest, Vitebsk, Grodno, Gomel kunye Mogilev. Apha sicinga zokuhlala yindawo yabo ezinabantu, nangona kunjalo, ukushiyana yabantu zinokuba nomahluko. Ngokomzekelo, isixeko Brest ke wesibini emva Minsk - nommandla wayo 146 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwemiqathango sabantu nahoditsyavsego kuphela kwindawo lesithandathu nganto kwikomkhulu, Gomel, Mogilev, Vitebsk kunye Grodno. Ngoko ke, inkoliso isixeko esikhulu kweli lizwe Minsk, kunye kummandla we-348 km ^2. amabanga elandelayo emihlanu ukusuka 118 ukuya 146 km ^2. Ezi zicelo zilandelayo kwi uluhlu lwe imizi emikhulu abakhange uwelile nokuba amazwe ngo-90 ^km-2 - yi Bobruisk kunye Baranovichi.

Belarus isixeko ngokwalo labantu

Ngoku, bona uluhlu lweendawo zokuhlala likhulu lizwe kwenani labantu abahlala kuzo. Sele wacaphula umzekelo into yokuba indawo enkulu Ayizi phambili ngokuyimfuneko ne lezakhiwo mninzi ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, lo mzi ngokwemigaqo yabantu Belarus: Minsk (izigidi ezi-1.9 zabantu), Gomel (512 amawaka), Mogilev (370,000), Vitebsk (363 000), Grodno (356,000), Brest (330,000). Balandela Bobruisk and Baranovichi - 217 amawaka no 177 amawaka ngokulandelelanayo.

Ngoku cinga ngokweenkcukacha kwizixeko ezinkulu Belarus.

Minsk

iilwimi Ububi bathi kwanele iintsuku ezimbini ndayihlela yonke Minsk. Enyanisweni, uleqa ezinika kulo mzi ayikho imfuneko. kucetyiswa Ngosuku lokuqala ukuhamba nje ecaleni Ilungiselelo, akunako uhambe imaphu, kuba Minsk i lesikhumbuzo ngokwako - ilitye lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo Soviet. Kusenokuba Kungathatha ixesha elithile, yaye esi sixeko siya kuthathwa njengento umoya museum evulekileyo, engumqondiso ixesha le socialism. Noko ke, onke la mazwi zinxulumene kuphela kwiziko Minsk. Apha kukho isixeko "omdala", kunye nembali nempi ngaphezu kweminyaka elithoba ezilikhulu. Antiques abathandi ungakwazi ukutyelela Cathedral kunye neHolo Town, ukuhlola izakhiwo yamandulo. A phawu olulodwa Minsk ukuze kubizwa ngokuba ucoceko engakholelekiyo, nobuhlobo abadlulayo-by nesantya ngenyameko ubungqina ebomini, kukho ngukumkani ingqondo cosmic ngokwenene.

Brest

Lo mzi-hero kunye namajoni Soviet abafa akhusela Wozisibekekisa igama elifanayo kunye naye ngemihla yokuqala kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, yonke yesikolo wayesazi eSoviet Union. Brest - nzuzo ngaphandle weRiphabliki Belarus. Esi sixeko samandulo, ibekwe phezu komda yamazwe amathathu - Russia, Poland kunye Lithuania, kwimbali yayo, ebesoloko iintshaba bahlaselwa. Waye ngokoqobo lakrazuka kubini, wabatshabalalisa, utshiswe kwaye bafudukele ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye. Ngenxa yoko, Brest akakwazi kuqhayisa kwimizobo zokwakha, izakhiwo endala asusela ngenkulungwane ye-19. Kodwa inxalenye yazo zonke iintlobo yeentsomi iimfihlelo sesixeko waphumelela. Kutheni kuphela iintsalela ayicacanga engummangaliso indlela alondolozwa ukuze imihla yethu kwinqaba iShushan yamandulo beenkuni (njengoko unako ukusinda Second World War? Kuphela), Okanye iindinyana ngokufihlakeleyo wemba phantsi inqaba. Sisihlandlo sokuqala Brest njenge ilali ephuhliswe kakuhle, efumaneka kwi "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" (1019). Lo mhla ngoku ingqalelo kunyaka kokudala sixeko.

Vitebsk - Chagall Paris

Yaba phantsi eli gama Vitebsk yaziwe ehlabathini lonke. Apha Ndazalelwa loo avant-garde artist edumileyo. Chagall wafunda eSt Petersburg ixesha elide babehlala Paris. Nakuba kunjalo, kodwa wabuyela kwemizi yabo ikhaya , kwaye baze bahlela apha Urban Art College.

Phonononga isixeko Belarus, Vitebsk akunakuphepheka, kuba oko ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuba umphefumlo kweli lizwe. Apha usekhona lidala ngevumba kunye nombala yesizwe. Ngokutsho legend, isixeko yasekwa ngokomyalelo Princess Olga kunyaka 974. Yayikumgama kwindlela yorhwebo busy "ukusuka Vikings ukuya namaGrike." Olga ukuba uyotywe yi ezo ezimangalisayo ubuhle Vitba River kunye Western Dvina. Le ubuhle kunjalo bakhe bachukunyiswa ukuba wathi: ". Makube umi apha emzini Vitebsk" Apha ke ngoku ke ikhokelela imbali yayo kwesi siganeko. Nangona kubalulekile ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho kukhankanywa yokuhlala apha Krivichy nokuba ngenkulungwane yesithoba. Indawo elula yorhwebo lwesixeko wammisa kwinkonzo amahlwempu emkhosini. Yena, njengo Brest, uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wahlasela umkhosi wotshaba, kodwa wakwazi ukuya kuyo zonke bunzima kunye namhlanje phakathi uluhlu "Esi sixeko sihle Belarus."

Grodno

Kuyinto umzi obuzolileyo. Idume eendonga amakhulu, zakhiwe kudala ngaphambi kokuba ukubonakala eyinkunzi yangoku of Belarus. Isabelo Grodno wawa, mhlawumbi inkoliso zonke iimbandezelo xa kuthelekiswa namanye imizi kwiriphabliki. Kwaye kuphela ngenxa enqabeni endala kunye neendonga zaso irobust ezongeziweyo, isixeko yakwazi kusinda. Ngexesha IMfazwe Enkulu Northern Grodno nangoku bawa. Le nqaba ke ngokoqobo yadilizwa emhlabeni. Kamva phambili endaweni yakhe zange kwakhiwa ngaphantsi magingxigingxi yaye ezintle New Castle, Ukuhomba isixeko unanamhla.

Phonononga isixeko Belarus, umntu ingqalelo ukuze uqaphele phawu lunye Grodno ezendeleyo lonke elo lizwe, kodwa ingakumbi ngokucacileyo buqapheleke apha. Lo mhlaba bekusoloko multi-zonqulo - bamanyene ngoxolo bahlalisene ebumelwaneni amaYuda, amaKatolika, amaSilamsi, amaLuthere, Orthodox, nkqu Amakholwa Old. E Grodno, Nani linganisani ibandla ebumelwaneni yamaLuthere kunye yesikhungu, mosque kunye ibandla lamaKristu.

Gomel

Njengoninzi izixeko zamandulo, Gomel akabi sayikhumbula unyaka wakhe wokuzalwa. Sisihlandlo sokuqala nto lufumaneka yemihla kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Noko ke, sixelelwa ukuba isixeko esele likhona, yaye xa yasekwa, akwaziwa ukuba. ibekwe phezu promontory, oluthi luqokelelane yi yibhanki lasekunene lomlambo Sozh kunye yebhanki ekhohlo esihlambo Gomiyuk, ngoku ummandla Gomel Park Detinets Bakhe. Ngokutsho data zakudala, ngenkulungwane ye-11 apho ziye zaphuhliswa ekubunjweni othengisa-sobhedu, iron-, zomdongwe, iinkuni, izikrweqe kunye ithambo ahlabayo ngezandla. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zorhwebo Gomel kwakunxibelelene eKiev, Chernigov, North Rus, ESmolensk, Volyn kunye Byzantium. Namhlanje, lo mzi yenye yezona zintle kweli lizwe, uba yenkcubeko, imbali ngokwenzululwazi amandla zizityebi, ukuba isimbo elikhethekileyo imbonakalo. Namhlanje Gomel livelise kushishino, inkcubeko, isayensi; Eli ziko kwezentlalo nezopolitiko kunye nokuthuthwa hub ebalulekileyo. isikhundla sayo kuluncedo kakhulu ngokwendawo igalelo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, Gomel ngumbindi ngokwasengqondweni kweli lizwe, kwakunye lokubhalela zemidlalo ezikhulu neziganeko zenkcubeko. Nguwo lowo umzi iindlela kwemithi engasemlanjeni, izakhiwo yamandulo, chestnuts fishnet, iindlela ezibanzi kunye nabantu ezimangalisayo ababekade ukwenza ibali lakhe.

Mogilev

Kuba okokuqala lo mzi ezikhankanywe kwi "Uluhlu izixeko Russian, ekude kwanekufuphi" (kwinkulungwane ye-14). Ukusuka eli xesha, Mogilev yinxalenye Grand Duchy of Lithuania, yaye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, iya ekuthinjweni Jadwiga - umfazi kakumkani Polish kunye inxalenye Lithuanian Prince Jagiello. Kukho yamabali amaninzi achaza inkangeleko ubume bendawo.

Mogilev Modern zizityebi zesikhumbuzo bokwakha, ezifana kwisakhiwo of St Nicholas sigodlo. Kukho ibandla lamaKristu endala ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16. Kumbindi wesixeko ungabona ibandla St. Stanislaus yakhiwa ngo-1752. Ekuqaleni ngeyabo Order of Carmelites, kodwa umthetho ka uCatherine ubekwe Enkulu phantsi yokuhlala kabhishophu. Ngowe-1785, oluthi eliphezulu wedolophu kwakhiwa figure ibhotwe Orthodox entle kwinkulungwane ye-18 - Georgiya Konisskogo. Ukongeza, kukho wahlala ezininzi izakhiwo kwiinkulungwane 18-19 kunye arch enkumbulo xesha, ukwakha yeqonga lommandla kwaye kwibhunga ledolophu yangaphambili.

Belarus - appendage Russia?

Uninzi baseRashiya ndiyaqonda eli lizwe libe uhlobo 'amaphondo "yoBukhosi kanye enkulu Russian obuphantsi eRashiya zombini imingcele, kwaye ukubaluleka zenkcubeko nezembali. Ukuba nicela isizukulwana esitsha, nto leyo imizi e Belarus, bambalwa kakhulu abantu igama nkqu zokuhlala ezimbini okanye ezintathu, ngaphandle kokuba elikomkhulu kwiriphabliki. Noko ke, isimo sengqondo esinjalo ku mboniso karhulumente, kwaye imvume "phondo" akemi ukuya ekuthabatheni inxaxheba. Kulapha waphuhliswa kwaye kangangeenkulungwane Duchy of Lithuania, neengqili wadala, ezikhumbuzo yenkcubeko bokwakha ezintle, uninzi lwazo niwabonileyo namhlanje. Nantso ilizwe ezukileyo ezinjalo - Belarus. City (ezidweliswe ngasentla, kunye namanye, ezincinane ubukhulu, kodwa hayi kwi ixabiso historical) ye kwiriphabliki ukuqinisekisa oku. Nawuphi na omnye kubo Ukuhlolisisa uyakwazi ukufumana zikhabane zinzulu zembali. Ngoko ke umbuzo othi "provincialism" of Belarus kwi ayilunganga ubuncinane.