"Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuGwetywa." Razumihin: Iimpawu zobuntu

Ngomfanekiso womlingiswa kaDmitry Prokopievich Razumikhin, u-Dostoevsky uchaza isikhundla sakhe, esichaza imbono yakhe kwaye unikeze ukuhlolwa kwemilinganiselo yombulali-iRaskolnikov "igazi kwizembeza". Kwimveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokujeziswa" uRazumihin ubonakala njengomntu ongakabonakali, kodwa ekhangayo kakhulu.

URaskolnikov, uRazumikhin luhlobo oluthile lokuthelekisa iindlela ezimbini ezitsha phakathi kolutsha lwalo xesha. Umbhali wale mizekelo ubonisa ukuba iindlela zokuphuhlisa indawo yokuphila zinokuhluke kakhulu. Omnye unokuthi abe "ikhoboka" leengcamango ezichasayo uThixo (lo nguRaskolnikov ofanayo), kwaye umntu uya kugcina "umhlaba" wokuziphatha kwaye abe nako ukukwazi ukuhlula okulungileyo kokubi (nguRazumihin).

Isikolo sivame ukubhala isicatshulwa ngesihloko esithi: "URazumikhin (" Ulwaphulo-mthetho nesijeziso "): umbala." Ngubani na kunye nemigaqo yakhe yokuziphatha, masizame ukuyifumanisa.

Ingcamango ye "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokujeziswa"

Ingcamango ephambili yencwadana "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokusola" uMikhail Fyodorovich Dostoevsky wacingisisa ixesha elide kakhulu, kwanaxesha lokusebenza nzima. Kwaye waqala ukusebenza ngentshiseko enkulu nangokwenzondelelo komoya. Lo msebenzi njengoko wawuchaza ngokudlulileyo kwiminyaka yakhe yokudala kwaye ufumanisa zonke iingcamango zakhe kunye nengcinga. Kodwa iindatshana eziphambili zale minyaka zibonakaliswe kakuhle kulo msebenzi. Iingxaki zentlalo ziye zafumana ulwaphulo olutsha lwefilosofi ngokubambisana nomdlalo wokuziphatha we "umbulali-mbhali" uRoonon Raskolnikov, onyanzelekile ukuba azinikezele ukufumana isohlwayo aze aphinde ajoyine abantu. Ingcamango ye-protagonist iRaskolnikov kukuba ibe yintloko yekamva kwaye ufumane ilungelo lokomelela nolungileyo ukujezisa into engavumelaniyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela yenza ukuba lube luvuyo. Le yinjongo yonke yefilosofi kaDostoevsky, eyayiquka imihla ngemihla ye-1860.

Razumikhin. Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuhlawula. Isici

Abalinganiswa besiSekondari baba ngabadibaniselwano beengcamango okanye abachasene ne-protagonist. Kwimveli "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokusohlwaya" uRazumihin ungomnye wabahlobo abasondelene kakhulu bakaRaskolnikov, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, aluxhasi imibono yakhe. Emva koko, ingcinga yefilosofi "yezenzo ezincinane" zikaRazumik ngokwakhe kukuba abantu abaselula kufuneka basebenze njengotitshala, amagqwetha, oogqirha kunye neengronomist, ukuze wonke umntu endaweni yakhe asebenze kakuhle. Kwaye kufuneka ikuncede kwi-jurisprudence, ezoqoqosho kunye nemfundo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthengwa komhlaba ngabahlali, ukulungiselela i-inshurensi, ukubolekisa abantu kunye nokuphucula izixhobo zezolimo.

Yiyo indlela uRazumikhin abone ngayo indlela intlupheko yokungalingani kwezentlalo yayinokutshatyalaliswa kancane kancane . Ngokombono wakhe, oko bekukuphazamisa ulutsha olusakhulayo olusuka kwimisebenzi yokuguqula kunye naluphina uphuculo oluphosakeleyo lobomi.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuhlawula. Incazelo Razumihina

Ngokubanzi, yonke ingcamango yale ngcamango yayikuthi zonke "izenzo ezintle" kufuneka zishiywe kamva, kude kube ngamaxesha angcono, kodwa ngoku kufuneka siqale sisebenze endaweni yethu kwaye senze umsebenzi wezithethe ngokuzenzekelayo. Noko ke, iRaskolnikov, yayilungelelanisa nayiphi na igazi, ukuba umntu wayemi endleleni eya kwizinto ezilungileyo okanye ukufumanisa okukhulu, okanye ukuba umntu uhlupheke kakhulu kumntu ombi. Ngaloo nto u-Dostoevsky wagcwalisa inqaku lakhe "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokusola". URazumikhin udlala indima ebalulekileyo kulo kwaye ubonisa ngokupheleleyo imibono yombhali ngokwakhe.

Isimo sikaRazumikhin sinomdla kakhulu. UDostoevsky wasizisa ngolunye uhlobo lomntu onomdaka, umntu onobungozi obunzima, kodwa unomntu ohloniphekileyo ongumarashi waseRashiya othobela ngokupheleleyo u-Avdotya Romanovna, udadewabo kaRaskolnikov. Emva koko, uqobo uqobo uyaza aze azibambezele phambi kobuhle obuhle kunye nobuhle.

Pochvennichestvo

Ekuqalekeni kunokubonakala ngathi uRazumikhin ungumfundisi, kodwa oku akunjalo. Kwiingxabano zakhe, kodwa ke uthembela kwimfundiso ye "pochvennichestvo", eyayiyindlela yaseRashiya yokucinga ngenkolo kunye nefilosofi, efana neSlavophilism, ngokuchasene ne-Westernism. Kwakuxhomekeke kwizisi zaseRashiya, ezahluke kwiinkcubeko zaseNtshona.

Ugxeka iinkqubo zangaphambili zenguqu kunye nezobugcisa. Abantu abathanda uLuhin (i-Dunya's fiancé) bayamthiya kakhulu, njengoko wonke umntu ebala kwaye ekhangelelanisa yonke indawo. Uvakalelwa kubantu abanjalo bangakwazi ukunuka, ngenxa yeenkolelo zabo.

Bogatyr waseRashiya

UDostoevsky kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Ulwaphulo-mthetho noGwebo" uRazumikhin umele njengeqhawe laseRussia, "wehla kwinkwenkwe," ochitha amandla akhe ngokuxhaswa ngumhlobo kaRaskolnikov kunye nabasondeleyo - uDade Dunya, unina wasePulcheria Alexandrovna. Wabancedisa nangona wafunda ukuba uRaskolnikov wayengumbulali.

URazumikhin ubona ngomphefumlo womntu wonke owake waxoxisana naye. Uyaqonda ukuba loo ngqungquthela njengoLuzhin nje ayikho ithemba kwaye ayikwazi ukulungiswa, kodwa iRaskolnikov iyakwazi "ukuvuselelwa kwakhona" kwaye ibuyele kwisangqa yoluntu.

Uthando lweDunya

Njengomhlobo othembekileyo kaRaskolnikov kunye nothando noodadewabo, uRazumihin wenza konke ukubanceda nokubenza bajabule. Ukuzinikezela kwakhe kule ngxaki akuphazamisi ukwakhiwa kokonwaba kwakhe, uRazumikhin ahlala ephupha ngalo. "Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nesohlwayo" lithetha ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umntu akakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle koluntu, kunye nentsapho ayenayo, udidi olukhethiweyo lube nolusanxiso loluntu kwaye lithetha ngokuthotyelwa kwentlalo kunye nezopolitiko okanye ukungavumelani.

Umfanekiso kaRazumikhin

Ngoko uRaskolnikov uyaphikisana kakhulu nguRazumikhin. Umfanekiso woLwaphulo-mthetho noKwahlwaya kwesi sihlandlo senza esinye sezibalo ezibalulekileyo ebomini lomlingisi ophezulu. UDostoevsky uyichaza njengomfana osemfana, umfundi, umntu ohloniphekileyo onomhlobo eyunivesithi - nguRaskolnikov, owaziwa ngawo unyaka nesiqingatha.

URazumikhin ngumntu ovulekile, onomusa, ongumRashiya onomphefumlo omkhulu . Ungumceli omkhulu wenyaniso kwaye uyakuthanda ukuphosa isibeleko senyaniso ebusweni. Unemikhankaso embalwa, kodwa emva kwalokhu kulele umphefumlo onobubele kwaye obuthathaka. Ukongeza, kumsebenzi othi "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuGwetywa" uRazumihin ukhonjiswe njengomfana osemthethweni owazi izilwimi ezintathu zaseYurophu namaphupha okudala iofisi yakhe yokushicilela. Nguye uRaskolnikov oza emva kokubulala, ukuba wamnceda ukuba athole umsebenzi ekufundiseni. Enyanisweni, ukhawuleza kuye ukuba afune umphefumlo ophilileyo unxibelelwano, onobubele, onokubambisana naye ngentlungu.

Umhlobo othembekileyo

URazumikhin wayengumhlobo othembekileyo kwaye ohloniphekileyo. "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokusohlwaya" kuchaza indlela abakhathalela ngayo abagulayo iRaskolnikov baze babuze uDkt. Zosimov ukuba athabathe ukugula kwakhe, aze amxelele kwisihlobo sakhe segazi elikude, umphenyi uPerfiry Petrovich. Yena, eyazi ukuba uRaskolnikov uqala ukukrokraza, ngazo zonke iindlela ezinokuthi amkhusele aze abhale ukucacisa kwakhe isifo, kunye nokuqwalasela okukhulu ukufika kukaMama noDadewethu kunye noDunya. Ngenxa yoko, uyamtshata.

Umhlobo wakhe uRaskolnikov, uRazumikhin uthatha ngokufudumala nangokuthuthumela, nangona eqonda ukuba abantu abafani naye. Inomdla kakhulu kukuba iRazumihin ihluke kuzo zonke iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo kunye nokunyaniseka okucacileyo. Amanqaku akhe amaninzi kunye namazwi angasetyenziswa ngokukhululekile njengengcaphuno. Kwaye ukuhlambalaza kwakhe, ukunyaniseka kunye nokuthintela nje, ukutsala kwaye akunakunceda kodwa u-charm kwaye ungabangeli imvakalelo.