Uhlobo lwesingeniso kwi-versification

Iingcamango zesingoma kunye nesingeniso kufuneka zihluke. Ukuba okokuqala yintetho yokupheliswa kwamagama amabini, ngoko okwesibini ngumyalelo wokutshintshwa kwemimiselo kwivesi. Ngenxa yoko, isingeniso yimbono ebanzi kuneemvumi.

Iintlobo zeengqungquthela

Izindlela zemirhumo kwi-versification zisekelwe kwiintlobo ezininzi zeengqungquthela. Ngoko, ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho kunye nenani lezinto ezihlangeneyo zezilwimi, iziqulatho zivame ukuhlukana zibe zichanekileyo kwaye zichanekile. Ngokwexinzelelo oluthile - kwindoda (ugxininisa kwisandi sokugqibela sesandi), isistim (ukugxininisa kwisandi esiphezulu sesilwimi), esicacile kunye nesicatshulwa (ukugxininisa kwisandi sesi-3 kunye nesine-vowel ukususela ekupheleni). Ukuba imigca, ngaphezu kwesovili, iyahambelana nesandi esivela sinikezelwa (isalathisi) , isingqisho esinjalo sichazwa njengesityebi. Ukuba akunjalo, isingeniso sibizwa ngokuba siswele.

Iintlobo zesigqi

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zemirhumo kwi-versification:

• Esondele (umphunga),
• Umnqamlezo (ukutshintsha)
• Ngesiqhelo.

Kwakhona iintlobo ezahlukileyo ziyimvumi yamahhala.

Iimbono eziqhelekileyo (ezimbini) zibonisa enye enye imizila yesiganeko-yesibini imirhumo yesibini, yesithathu, ngokulandelanayo, yesine, yesihlanu nesithandathu, njl. Zonke iindidi zesigqithiso kwisibongo sinokumiselwa kwimeko ngokwemzobo. Ngaloo ndlela, iintlobo ezikufutshane zikhethwa njenge "aabb". Umzekelo:

"Kuphela namhlanje akukho duds (a) -

Ukukhanya kuthathwa ngokwahlukileyo (a).

Kwaye i-harmonica (b) ingoma,

Ukuba umntu okhululekile (b) uphelile. "

(S. A. Yesenin).

Icandelo elikhethekileyo lesingqisho esondeleyo ludluliselo lweengqungquthela ngokuya kwesikimu "aaaa".

Umnqamlezo (ukutshintshana) isingeniso senziwa ngokutshintshela imizila yemigca - iimvumi zokuqala kunye neyesithathu, yesibini - kunye neyesine, yesihlanu - kunye nesixhenxe, njl. Nolu hlobo lwesigqi "bab":

"Ndikhumbula umzuzu omangalisayo (a):

Ngaphambi kwam kuza wena (b),

Njengombono osasazekayo (a),

Njengengqiqo yobuhle obuhle (b) »

(AS Pushkin).

I-ring (ukukhwabanisa, isigqubuthelo) uhlobo lwesingoma yakhiwe ngokweqhinga le "abba". Ngako oko, imigca yokuqala neyesine imisiwe, kunye nesibini kunye nesithathu. Olu hlobo lwesilungiso aluqhelekanga kunezo ezimbini ezidlulileyo:

"Asinakunxila, sibonakala sisilumko (a)

Kwaye, mhlawumbi, singabondlo (b).

Yakuba nini, xa ebetha izibonda eziqhelekileyo (b)

Sithetha ngexesha kwi "Wena" (a).

(IA Brodsky).

Iintlobo zamahhala ezinokwenziwa kweengcamango zenzeka kwimeko apho ukulungelelaniswa kweminye imiloloteko engekhoyo:

"Isela lehashe (a) laliba,

I-Tan ehlanganiswe ngamagilebhisi (a),

Tshilela iintlunkulu zentsholongwane (b),

Izidumbane ezingenamikhono ezingenamikhono (ngaphakathi),

Kodwa, ukugqithisa iidiliya ukuphazamisa (b),

Uhlobo oluthile lwemiqathango kunye nokuhlushwa "(c).

(BL Pasternak).

Ngaloo ndlela, kule mzekelo, iintlobo zemirhumo zidibeneyo: imiqolo yokuqala kunye yesibini isondele, ukususela kwisithathu ukuya kwesithandathu - umnqamlezo.

Rifmovka kunye nesigxina sonke

Isigxina sonke sithetha ukuba kukho ubuncinane ibini enye kwisigqi ngasinye. Oku kuqinisekisa ukungabonakali komzimba jikelele walo mqathango - awukwazi ukwahlukana zibe ziincinci ezincinci ezinemigca yazo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani leengqungquthela ezenza ivesi, iifomosos, i-disticha, i-tercet, i-quatraine, i-pentetum, njl njl., Ziyahlukana. I-Monostichus ayikwazi ukuba yinto enye, kuba enye imgca ayikhombisi nantoni na (nokuba iqulethe ngaphakathi Rhyme). I-Distich yakhiwe ngokukodwa kwesikimu "aa", ukuba, ngokulandelanayo, enye imirhumo yesigxina esibalulekileyo. Kwakhona, esinye isingeniso sinesikimu se-tercet - aaa. Kule meko, i-tercet ayikwazi ukwahlula, kuba nawaphi na ukwahlula sifumana ubuncinane i-monotony enye, engesiyodwa isigxina.

I-Katren iquka iintlobo zesingeniso njengendandatho ("abba") kunye nokuwela ("ab"). Kwimeko yeengcamango esondeleyo ("aabb"), le vesi iyahlula i-dysthis eyazimeleyo, nganye ibe yinto enye. I-pentet, kwakhona, idibanisa imirhumo yesithandathu yesigxina esisemgangathweni.

Ivesi ekhululekileyo nekhululekile

Omnye umele ahlule phakathi kwefomu yamahhala kunye nesimo samahhala sevesi, kuba oku akunjalo into efanayo. Iifomu zamahhala zengoma yeembongo kwi-inkondlo zenza okubizwa kanjalo. Iindinyana zamahhala - uhlobo lokutshintshela ngokutshintsha iintlobo zesigqi. Oko kukuthi, imizila yesigqithiselo ngendlela ehlukile. Iindinyana zamahhala (eziye zimhlophe), ngokusemthethweni, ayisebenzisi isigqi:

"Mamela (a)!

Emva koko, ukuba iinkwenkwezi zivaliwe (b) -

Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba umntu ufuna (c)?

Ngoko umntu ufuna ukuba (d)? "

(VV Mayakovsky).

Ngexesha elifanayo, ivesi ekhululekile alikwazi ukulingana neprose by the principle: kuba akukho mvanyo, ngoko kwenzeka njani oku kwahlukileyo, umzekelo, ipapasho yentengiso eqhelekileyo? Enye yeentlukwano phakathi kwevesi elimhlophe kunye neprose yinto yokutyelela, ekwahlula ivesi levesi kwiprose. Lo mkhuba udalwe ngendleko yovakalelo oluthile, isimo sengqondo esikhethekileyo sesicatshulwa esingasamkeli ukufundwa kwamanye amazwe. Uluhlu lwesibini olubalulekileyo lwevesi le-free is rhythmicity, eyakhelwe ngenxa yokulinganisa ethile inani lamagama kunye neengcinezelo.