Umabonwakude lokuqala umbala. Yintoni igama umbala yokuqala kamabonwakude Soviet?

ubomi bale mihla nanto ngaphandle TV. Kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba kanye akakho umabonwakude. Zosasazo imifanekiso yokuqala kude ivele kude 1880, kunye nomabonakude baye ke electro. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1907 kwakukho indlela transmission wombane mfanekiso, yaye ngowe-1932 baseMerika kwemoto umabonwakude elektroniki. Kungekudala emva kokuba imifuziselo wokuqala omnyama nomhlophe, izazinzulu ziye umbala TV yokuqala. imibala emnyama namhlophe ayengavunyelwa ukuba banandiphe ngokupheleleyo ubuhle zehlabathi ngaphandle. Oobawo ibekwe phambi kwe TV wekhusi umbala ezintathu-umboniso, uzama iyantluko mibala eveliswa sisixhobo lo mfanekiso.

I Uyilo lokuqala lobunikazi

Ekupheleni elinethoba umsunguli Russian ngenkulungwane, injineli-lobuxhakaxhaka Alexander Polumordvinov ucingela malunga namathuba umbala TV. Waphumelela ekupheleni kuka-1899 ukuze ufumane elilodwa lomenzi kwinkqubo lokwenene kamabonwakude multi-elimbala. Le nkqubo analog yangoku. Kwimbali yonke sele lwaziwa iiprojekthi transmission umbala malunga namashumi amabini anesihlanu ethunyelwe abaqambi ezahlukeneyo. Alexander Polumordvinov ecetywayo imfundiso kwimboniselo emithathu elimbala. Le ngcamango imibala ngokuba iYunivesithi-Young-Gelmgontsa.

Kakuhle eli ngobhalo umbono umbala

Ingongoma yalo mbono kukuba ngokusebenzisa lokucoca (-umbala ezintathu), efunyenwe umfanekiso multi-onemibala ezahlukeneyo abangasekhoyo. Ezi imibala - obomvu, oluhlaza kunye eluhlaza - zisetyenziswa ngexesha lethu.

Ukuze ufumane lo mfanekiso, adume ngazo ezimbini kusetyenziswa. Baye benza ngezantya ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye. Kumngxunyana yokuqala drive wenza ecaleni imigca radius, oko kukuthi, ukususela embindini ukuya kwikona, kwaye cut yesibini ngokusebenzisa noqhoqhoqho ngokohlobo siba lwe logarithm olusezantsi. Inani kwiindawo zokubeka okanye iphinda-amathathu.

Xa umsantsa omabini disks ezilala, waba rhomboidal uzilungiselele wokuvula, elo zisebenzisa ilungu ngexesha drive ujikelezo. Ukuze ufumane i nangendlela ecwangciswe kakuhle ngokulandelelana uphawu umfanekiso ivaliwe ezixwesileyo izihluzi. Ba imibala ebomvu, eluhlaza kunye ebomvu. Nge selenium photocell ukukhanya avuza kumngxuma diamond-ezimilise, iguqulelwa uphawu yombane. Va ezayo umfanekiso olubonakalayo nokunikezelwa kunye photocell ngexesha lekhefu nganye ibekwe lokuvula lowo lavalwa umbala lokucoca nawuphi na umbala. Ngelo xesha xa kuvulwa lithe tso ngaphaya umfanekiso kwisakhelo yasiwa omnye umnyango kwelinye icala, nto leyo zincitshiswe umgama olingana nobubanzi isikhewu. Kulo mngxuma yayigcwele omnye umbala lokucoca ulwelo umbala owahlukileyo.

Sifumanisa xa umbala TV yokuqala

Iprojekthi umabonakude umbala kuthatha Adamyar, Zworykin kunye nezinye abaqambi ezininzi. Fumanisa oko kwabonakala umabonwakude umbala yokuqala ehlabathini, kufuneka uqhagamshelane kwi ngamahlanu, xa US Inkampani RCA yakhupha umabonwakude umbala wokuqala usasaza CBS Rx-40, nto leyo yaba scan manual. Ubungakanani umfanekiso yaba cm-14 ukuya ku-10 phambi kwakhe ndaba disc kunye okucoca, nto leyo yaba injini yombane ilungelelaniswe. Kodwa umgangatho umfanekiso yayingamahlwempu kakhulu. Ngo-Russia, i-TV umbala yokuqala wakhululwa ngowe-1954 kwisixeko eLeningrad. Igama imodeli - "Rainbow". Buhle TV eSoviet yayikukuba disk ejikelezayo wafihlwa lwekhabhinethi. Kwakhona, kwisamkeli umabonwakude une yokusondeza lensi engaphandle eyenziwe ngeplastiki, leyo yazaliswa ngamanzi enkolo.

Uphuhliso ayisuse

Ngowe-1950 kwaye kwasungulwa CRT ngemipu ezintathu elektroni, kwi-engile 120 degrees xa kuthelekiswa namanye. Le TV scan elektroniki kunye lyuminosforom kaMoses isigqumathelo kinescope nesigqubuthelo. Ezintathu nomqadi cathodes ezintathu (gun) nokuya 'imaski ". Okulandelayo neyophahla bayangena kwikhusi kunye ziqwempu zikhanyiswe imibala eluhlaza, obomvu, kunye noblowu.

period Westinghouse

Ngokwalo mgaqo-1954, Westinghouse laqalisa umbala TV kuqala yangeniswa kuyo ziyathengiswa njenge N840SK15 ongumzekelo. Kodwa amahlanu anamanci mathathu ezikhutshwe athengiswe ngenyanga elidlulileyo, uninzi baye bahlala ndawonye. Oku kungenxa amaxabiso aphezulu ukusilela - 1295 US dollar, ngokwemiqathango imali yanamhlanje - 11.200 zeerandi. Hayi wasinceda inkampani i yentengiso unethemba ukudala umnqweno onamandla ukuthenga umabonwakude umbala yokuqala yehlabathi. Kwakhona, i-TV umbala wokuqala mfuneko ngenxa irrelevance, ngenxa yokuba uninzi udluliselo kubonisiwe abamnyama nabamhlophe.

Second TV brand

Le kuthandwa ukwanda bafumana RCA CT-100, wakhululwa ngo April 1954. Yaba serial umbala TV kuqala. screen wayo intshi-12. It bathengisa 5,000 Iindleko TV $ 1,000. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva koko, le nkampani efanayo yakhupha umabonwakude RCA nge screen 15 intshi. imifuziselo kamva thaca kunye screens 19- 20-intshi.

Baqala njalo uphuhliso olumandla umabonwakude ngakumbi eliphezulu kakhulu. market TV mbala uyanda kwaye ngoku nokuhlanganisa xa kwakukho shini umbala, abanye ababhali mihla ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa inyani - ke kwavela izinto ezintsha, batshintsha iimpawu. General Electric Inkampani wathengisa TV kunye idiagonal neesentimitha 15 $ 1,000, kwaye Sylvania ngenxa 1150. Ezinye iinkampani ezinikelwe iiseti TV ye rent. Ezifana Emerson for irenti ngenyanga yokuqala wayeza Wathabatha amakhulu amabini eerandi, kunye neendleko ezilandelayo ube mncinane uyokufikelela kwi $ 75. Ngaphezu koko wadibana kwixabiso $ 795 enzelwe indlela kunye idiagonal intshi 21. Ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu amawaka umbala TV zathengiswa ekupheleni kuka-1957. imifuziselo ezininzi TV sele ziphuhlisiwe kwinqanaba gqira, eziquka "Rainbow" yaye "Temp". Xa nasekuqaleni landa inani ukudluliselwa umbala eUnited States, iindleko umabonwakude iye yehla kakhulu. Ngowe-1967, i-eSoviet Union ukosuleleka umbala standard SECAM kuqala, kwaye ezishelfini wabonakala umbala yokuqala kamabonwakude yiSoviet, kwathiwa ngokuba "Ruby 401". Waye uphuhliso eSoviet ngokupheleleyo.

Uphuhliso kumabonakude e USSR

intengiso Bulk ye TV kunye nomfanekiso umbala yiSoviet Union weza yoma. Efana TV "Electron" yaba ubungakanani 77.5 * 55 * 55 cm. Le TV yinxenye epheleleyo ngaphakathi, kuba yasetyenziswa kwakhona kwithala. "Electron" idiagonal 59 cm kunye weight 65 kg. umzimba TV likaThixo wayigubungela ngomthi exabisekileyo kunye ivanishi.

Ekuqaleni, ngoFebruwari 1957, iBhunga labaPhathiswa lagqiba ukuba ngowe-1958 baqalisa zosasazo kwinkqubo ehlangeneyo. Shabolovka ngoNovemba 1958 wenziwa OSTST-2. Yaye ngoJanuwari 1960, waqalisa losasazo rhoqo kwenkqubo NTSC. Lo gama ezimbini kuphela zesityalo inxaxheba kwimveliso ye TV. It Leningrad Plant. Kozitskogo - "Rainbow" kunye mveliso radio eMoscow - "Temp-22". Ekuthengisweni iiseti umabonwakude akakakwamkeli kodwa, nangona lweengoma zabo 4000 zaye zaveliswa.

Lokuqala losasazo Umbala

I yokuqala gear kusasazo bebala kwenzeka ngo-1967 ngoncedo i-7 Novemba asayina isivumelwano kwintsebenziswano ye-USSR kunye neFransi. Le nkqubo French kwathiwa SECAM. TV umbala wokuqala nguMarko naye isiFrentshi - KFT.

Ngowe-1967 wabonwa "uPhillip-714," nto leyo ethandwa kakhulu ngelo xesha, njengoko ubukhulu screen sele ilingana no 61 cm.

Ixesha elide iiseti kamabonakude umbala zathengiswa kunye ngexabiso eliphantsi ukunika abathengi ithuba ukufumana umbala TV ngexabiso elifikelelekayo kwaye baqonde zalo eziluncedo.

Ekupheleni kwale yee- kuye wathengisa ngeenxa zonke iiseti umbala TV million amahlanu waseUSSR, njengoko abasunguli ukuba ukuqulunqa izikhokelo ezintsha ngakumbi yaye ngakumbi indlela oyithandayo.

Nomabonakude Ulwakhiwo iminyaka 70-80

Ngaphakathi umzimba ngasekhohlo nahodilisya sombane, izicwangciso amandla, koonomathotholo kunye nomzila umkhethi, kwaye ezantsi yunithi ezigcinwe umbala kunye neyunithi nokucutheka. Ekunene olwalubekwe iinkcukacha kakhulu yingozi kwaye enamandla - kuhlolwa block kunye nezibane eziphakamileyo ombane, kunye nakumaziko aguqula amandla ombane. TV wathabatha uluhlu imitha. Ngokufumana ijelo UHF kokuba ekhululwe isimaphambili, leyo kuguqulwa imijelo kwenye kwimitha. iiyunithi kamva bakhululwa SKD, apho yayikhona kuze yee-nineties, oko kukuthi phantse mabini.

Inyathelo lesibini ukuya kwiphepha transistors, eqokelelwa ukususela engenelela. Nezibane engasekho kusetyenziswa. Nomabonakude bafumana ubungakanani ezincinane kunye ngobuchwepheshe. Ngoku abavelisi inani elikhulu umabonwakude ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Amathuba kamabonakude ikhula ngonyaka ngamnye - inkqubela na ukuma.