Umbhali yaseMelika wengqondo Liri Timoti: A Biography

kweminyaka eyadlulayo, wafa wayengusosayensi, zengqondo, obuqhubekayo nani yoluntu kunye nombhali Timoti Liri. imisebenzi Human ukuba umsebenzi kunye izimvo eziqulathwe ixesha, safa malunga nesiqingatha leminyaka eyadlulayo. Siyazi njengomnye babantu anempembelelo kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Biography Timoti Liri ochukumisayo neyothusayo. Waphumelela ukuthandwa loluntu experiments beziyobisi nababo umFilisti blinkered. Liri Timoti wayesazi kakuhle ukuba yintoni injongo yakhe, nentembelo kuye.

Early Childhood noSapho

Olo ubuntu obubalaseleyo wazalelwa kwidolophu encinane Springfield e Massachusetts -Oktobha 22, 1920. An yashukumisa kwakhe utatomkhulu wakhe - lamaKatolika osisityebi, ngokwenene Tim uloyiko encinane kunye nothando art. Bawo noTimoti basebenza njenge wamazinyo phakathi komkhosi, wasela kakhulu. ubundlobongela basekhaya kwaba nodandatheko. Xa uTimoti wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala, uyise wamnika dollar waza washiya ikhaya nokuzamela ubomi obubhetele yedwa. Leary waphakamisa umakazi wakhe bahanahanisi ukuya ithambo. Ngokwahlukileyo ngemfundo wafumana inkwenkwe wakhula nomvukeli kunye bezibona obhityileyo yokomoya ihlabathi. Ubushushu ootitshala esikolweni, uTimoti akazange afumane iingcebiso eziyimfuneko ukuya ekholejini. Kunoko, waya kwisikolo wamaJesuit kufuphi eWorcester. Nangona uqeqesho engqongqo, inkwenkwe abagqwesa esikolweni waza wahlala apho phantse unyaka.

Military Academy kunye namanyathelo okuqala izifundo psychology

Ukufumana bayakulangazelela ngamachule okulwa imfazwe, Liri Timoti ngempumelelo iimviwo kwi West Point zomkhosi Academy. Ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala. Bachitha iinyanga ezintathu ingqeqesho ingqongqo, lo mfo waqalisa ukusela utywala ukuze solder noontanga babo. Akavumela isohlwayo: unyaka wonke akazange akwazi ukunxibelelana nabo.

Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-1941, Leary uvela emkhosini waza wangena University of Alabama kwiSebe Psychology. Apho, naye asihlali xesha - oko ukhahlelwe ekwindla lika-1942 ukuze ihambo evakalala. Leary wacetywa ukungenela umkhosi ngo-1943. Iikhosi, leyo uqeqesho amagosa, uTimoti edibana intombazana Marianne, owathi kamva waba ngumfazi wakhe wokuqala.

-Nzulu elizayo kunjalo ingqalelo bengqondo, ngoko, nangona sokubetha lafumana isihloko, wabuyela kwinzululwazi. Diploma kwiYunivesithi Washington, uTimoti ngokufunda uhlalutyo lwamanani kwindlela yokwenziwa komsebenzi ezikrelekrele. izifundo zobugqirha wamela i-University of California. K Leary iza impumelelo kunye nokuqondwa. Uqhubeka umsebenzi asuka kwizifundo ezininzi (ngexesha elifanayo uphonononga uxilongo zokunxibelelana kunye nonyango group), usebenza eBerkeley, nokunceda ukwenza ukhetho abaviwa ebubingelelini. Uphando lwakhe iye yazuza ukuthandwa, kwaye incwadi yokuqala, "uxilongo okusebenzisana ubuntu" yokuwongwa kubizwa ngokuba incwadi nyaka yi-American Psychological Association ngo-1959.

Umkakhe nabantwana

ubomi Personal Timoti Liri yayizele ezibuhlungu. Ekunye nomfazi wakhe, Marianne, baza bakhulisa abantwana ababini. Liri Timoti akazange kwahluka italente abazali, kunye nomfazi wakhe, ukuba enxila rhoqo. Mariana wazibulala ngosuku olulandelayo ngosuku 35th yokuzalwa kaTimoti. Kunyaka olandelayo, Leary uthatha abantwana waza washiywa kucingwa ukuba Europe. Ukhathazeke ngekamva - kubonakala mnyama kwaye lithemba.

Nolwazi psilocybin nowokuqala amava

Kungoku nje Leary uyeva ngeemilo ezimangalisayo makhowa ezingcwele Mexico. Leary ekuqaleni nje iimpawu zazo ezama ukusithintela abahlobo babo ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Ukuhlala e Florence, uTimoti Uqhelene McClelland, othembisa uphumelele elizayo bengqondo kuye aze anike umsebenzi eHarvard iminyaka emithathu.

Ngehlobo lowe-1960 eneminyaka engama-iminyaka emashumi mane, uGqr Leary utyelela Mexico kwaye uzuza amava ukusetyenziswa amakhowa. Eksperimenti Leary sichaza lakhe elithi "ngamava senkonzo:. Nokwenziwa kwayo incazelo" Ukubuyela Isazinzulu eHarvard wasungula iprojekthi ukufunda psilocybin. Injongo yawo ukufunda iimpawu ezifihlakeleyo e-nervous system yabantu. Le projekthi ibe yimpumelelo: amakhulu abantu abanomdla baza bamlandela. Media ngenkuthalo egubungele ukufunyanwa kwabo, ebonakalisa isakhono kwamachiza psychedelic.

"Good Friday"

Ukukhokela amagcisa, neengqondi kunye izazinzulu ixesha bathatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso Leary. Iindlela Timoti Liri kukuba nxaxheba amava yokuthatha psilocybin, baze babelane ngamava abo. I-ekuthiwa 'Friday Good ", experiment nemigaqo zonqulo, lwenziwa yi Walter Panke. Abafundi wezakwalizwi, wathabatha psilocybin kunye nemibono zenkolo inokuthelekiseka amava abangcwele ezaziwayo-kakuhle kunye eyimfihlakalo.

Ukwandiswa kwemisebenzi kunye nesiphelo

Ukwandisa ububanzi sophando kunye nokukhuthazwa Liri Timoti kunye noogxa bakhe waliseka "International Federation of inkululeko ephakathi." Zonke eksperimenti kunye nezifundo amava Psychedelic zifumaneke eluntwini. Leary ukholelwa ukuba uphuhliso yawo yeyona kwizikhundla kubaluleke ngakumbi kwi Harvard, ngoko ke ubunkokeli ongakwamkeliyo uTimoti kunye nomncedisi wakhe. Leary wayekholelwa ukuba imfundo anaesthetizes zingqondo, elangeni kwaye akaqondi ukuba ngokwabo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, imfundo yenzelwe ukulawula ngokupheleleyo engqondweni yomfundi.

Leary uyanda imihlaba ubuxoki bayo. Unomdla esingqongileyo, pravoborcheskoe kunye nentshukumo anti-imfazwe, awathi ngoko nangoko uthatha isikhundla esibalulekileyo. ikomkhulu lalo kunye nabasebenzi uTimoti ukubhengeza ilifa eNew York, apho kuqhubeka ukusebenza islogani odumileyo "kerf, isimo sengqondo, engenawo," ngokuba apho Leary ukuphulukana ubulungu kuluntu lwezenzululwazi.

Emva kweminyaka emithathu elindele Leary ukubanjwa; yamfumana intsangu. Akuphelelanga apho, waphumelela ityala enkundleni kamva ngenxa imithetho yakhe yerhafu kwi intsangu yaba siseko. Leary wagqiba ukubaleka ngenxa irhuluneli California, nto leyo ebangele soqobo ukusabela okubi kwi-ofisi yomtshutshisi, waza waphinda wathathisa. Kuye ubudlelane obabuyilwe ngenkohliso ukuze Leary akazange akwazi ukufumana uphume owomileyo kwamanzi. Idiphozithi inkulu yembali yonke iinqanawa American (izigidi ezintlanu zeerandi), kukho imvuthuluka embalwa yentsangu njengobungqina, ukwalela isibheno, yaye iminyaka elishumi entolongweni kube ngumphumo. UTimoti basinda emva kweenyanga ezilithoba.

Escape noluvo lwesibini

Leary nomfazi wakhe wesibini Rosemary waya eYurophu, Algeria, yaye kamva kunyaka abalekela eSwitzerland. Wafuna ukukhuselwa ngezopolitiko kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kwaye xesha elite yonke ngokwasengqondweni ephakanyiswe kwimvukelo ezithethelela. Switzerland ivumile yokuhlala Leary, kodwa kamva ke eliseleyo. Nkqu Rosemary washiya iqabane, kwinkulungwane elandelayo kwikota, kuya chitha komhlaba.

Leary emva entolongweni ukususela 1973. Ngoku elinde isithuba seminyaka 75. Leary wangqina nxamnye abahlobo bakhe ukuba emva kokukhululwa kwakhe kamva ngonyaka wazama ndikukhanyele.

Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi nokufa

Yahamba iminyaka engamashumi amabini yokugqibela yobomi bakhe ubuqaqawuli izithixo. Waqhubeka ukuthatha intshukumo Psychedelic, nangona kunjalo zakukhuthaza kubo.

Nkqu nokufa kwakhe isiganeko okuhle. Kwafunyaniswa - ". Umhlaza wendlala esingasebenziyo" May 31, 1996 wengqondo wafa, ukufa kwakhe yathinjwa kwividiyo. Sebefile uhlala Leary kuyinikwa ukuba abahlobo kunye nosapho, abanye babo batshiswa emoyeni.

-Nzulu enkulu wengqondo Timoti Liri wayanelisekile ubomi bakhe waza wacinga wayenze eyayinezinto zonke ezifunayo. Leary ingumfuziselo yonke ngenkulungwane amileyo kwaye nemvukelo omabini. Ubomi bakhe uchaze ngokugqibeleleyo amazwi akhe okugqibela: "Kutheni?".