Le moss eyahlukileyo lisiza. iimpawu zezinto eziphilayo

Igama moss kunye ulele, ingakumbi yesakhiwo amalungu eyaziwa ukuba izazinzulu ixesha elide. Ngembonakalo, ezi zityalo ziyafana kakhulu. Noko ke, bona abameli kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo taxonomic. Kweli nqaku sijonga indlela moss yahlukile lisiza.

ngezigaba kwezityalo

nje kungekho zityalo kwindalo! Nje emangalisayo izityalo: ulele, ubulembu, yefeni, gymnosperms, eneentyatyambo ... nje kuluhlu. Noko ke, taxonomists nako ukudibanisa ngokwamaqela ahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kuqokelelwe iimpawu ezisisiseko yokwakheka.

Uthelekiso moss kwakunye nezityalo

Kutheni ubulembu, yefeni ulele, ulele ezi zityalo? Zonke ezi zinto ziphilayo bayakwazi photosynthesis, njengoko iqulethwe kwiiseli green plastids chloroplasts. Eyona ukuzazi kwabo ubomi emanzini. Le Ingca yolwandle, nto leyo liqela kwezityalo. Ubulembu - typical abemi belizwe. Noko ke, ukwanda kwabo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kukho amanzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba bakhetha iindawo efumileyo.

Ngaphandle ulele kunye ubulembu ziyafana kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba basoloko bexakaniseka. Asingabo bonke ulwelwe kukhula kuphela emanzini. Ezinye zazo ezilalisa komboko zemithi, umphezulu yamawa, iindawo emanzi umhlaba, ikhephu, izilwanyana impandla. Bakha inshorensi eluhlaza eqhubekayo, ezifana bryophytes. ulwelwe Blue-eluhlaza bayakwazi Sangena ngokuncedisana kunye hyphae of fungi ukwenza ulele.

Iimpawu ze kwezityalo

Ulwelwe zibizwa enasilela ngenxa yomzimba kwesongezelelo se iiseli (akukho ukwahlukana kwi engcanjini isiqu namagqabi). Ibizwa Slano, thallus okanye thallus. iiseli ulwelwe abayi ezizodwa. Bona ahlangene anatomically, kodwa elowo kubo ezisebenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Kunye rhizoids ulwelwe eziqhotyoshelwe zeendawana. Le isakhiwo aluyiyo zomzimba, kodwa abanako ukwenza umsebenzi conductive. Ewe, kwaye akukho mfuneko, ekubeni ezisezantsi kukhula kuphela emanzini.

Higher ibihlungu-izityalo - balapho kulo ilizwe

Ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu, izityalo kwafuneka kwimo engqongileyo ezisentlabathini. Abameli lokuqala amaqela kokusingqongileyo ziye zavela kule Devonian. Oku iqela kwezityalo extinct, leyo ibizwa ngokuba Rhyniophyta. zenja zawo ugcinwe kakuhle kwifosili yamandulo. Ezi zityalo yokuqala ezibe izinto izicwili conductive. Ngoko ke, zibizwa yegazi. exabe zabo ngeziqu isebe olusabufolokhwe, kwaye endaweni iingcambu nangoku igcina rhizoids.

Endaweni Rhyniophyta weza ubulembu. Okwangoku, kukho malunga-10 amawaka iintlobo. Ngokungafaniyo ubulembu ukusuka ulwelwe ayikho kuphela kokusingqongileyo. yenziwe ngenxa kunokwenzeka kwingxaki enkulu lobume ubomi babo phantsi kweemeko ezisentlabathini. Uninzi ubulembu babe isakhiwo yegqabi. Ngaloo rhizoids wabasindisa kubo bonke ubomi babo.

Isakhiwo ubulembu

Le moss yahlukile kwi ezimdaka? Xa izityalo ibihlungu umjikelo wobomi kukho utshintsho ngezizukulwana. Makhe sihlolisise le nkqubo umzekelo ummeli obabuthandwa moss Kukushkin yeflakisi. isizukulwana sakhe zesini uhlobo kwikhaphethi eluhlaza. Ezibonakalayo, kuba sifunda ezinye iintlobo lisiza.

Ukuba ujonga ngokusondeleyo, isiciko eluhlaza ibandakanya kwezithungu ezahlukeneyo ezingcakacileyo kunye namagqabi sessile. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, phezu ibhokisi lwabo eliphezulu luqokelelane esiqwini. Esi sizukulwana maqanda - sporophyte. ibhokisi Form kufana nengabangaba. Ngenxa yoko igama le iintlobo zezityalo.

Iiseli Ibhokisi abaqolileyo ukuzala maqanda - iingxabano. Xa sivuthiwe, bathulula emhlabeni kunye zintshule. Zembambano kwakhona kukhula amahlumelo eluhlaza. Bona zenziwe evukayo ngokwesondo - gametangia. Ziya zikhula cells sex - amaqanda kunye amadlozi. Phambi amanzi, ukuba coalesce ukwenza elilodwa. Ukusuka ikhula sporophyte. Ngenxa yoko, kumjikelo wobomi bryophytes esilawulwa isizukulwana ngokwesondo.

Iintlobo zezityalo: ulele, ubulembu

Ekubeni lisiza wabonakala phezu umhlaba kakhulu ngaphambili, ubume babo abangekaphuhli kakhulu ngakumbi. Oku akuthethi ukuba ezi zityalo ukuphuhlisa indawo entsha. Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na moss yahlukile ulwelwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele izinto awohluke yombutho lwabo kunye neenkqubo zobomi.

Masiqalise kunye nesakhiwo komzimba. Zonke ubulembu kukhona kuphela eziphilayo multicellular. Phakathi iintlobo ngeentlobo ulwelwe zifumaneka. Umzekelo, chlorella kunye chlamydomonas zizinto kwiseli enye. Volvox - nobulembu lobukoloniyali. Le nkqubo ibandakanya iqela leeseli, umanyaniswe esingxotyeni salo eqhelekileyo. amagqabi nzima amalungiselelo Chlorella, Spirogyra, kelp, Sargassum. Bonke multicellular.

iimpawu ezininzi umahluko zifumaneka kubomi iimpawu zezi eziphilayo. Kwaye ubulembu, kwakunye nezityalo bayakwazi ukuzala ngokwesondo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, le nkqubo kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezingentle. Olu hlobo ukhuselo lisiza. Ngokomzekelo, xa ubushushu amanzi okanye omiswe kwechibi umzali iseli Chlamydomonas ngokwakha gametes.

Bona bangena emanzini kunye udityaniso pairwise ngaphandle. Oku kukhokelela elilodwa - a iqanda. Igqumeke yi kwiqokobhe elingqingqwa ekuvumela ukuba walifudusa lona ukuqanda omisa. Xa iimeko zivuma imixholo elilodwa zahlulwe, apho amanzi yokuzala maqanda iiseli motile - zoospores. Bandile ubukhulu kwaye ufumane iimpawu yabantu abadala.

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza wajonga leswi moss yahlukile lisiza. Ezona mpawu ziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

• Ulwelwe - izityalo abadala eziye zavela emanzini.
• Ubulembu - kuqala kufika elunxwemeni.
• Ulwelwe kunokuba abangatshatanga kunye multicellular. Kukho iindlela lobukoloniyali.
• Zonke ukwanda Moss zizityalo multicellular, umzimba leyo ubume igqabi kunye esiqwini.
• Kuba ulwelwe, inkunzi nemazi, le sporophyte kunye gametophyte likhangeleka ezahlukeneyo. Ke moss ukuba umahluko kubume.
• Ulwelwe ikwazi ukuzandisa iinxalenye thallus. Ubulembu abanako yokuzala kwezityalo.