Umgaqo-nkqubo wokusetyenziswa kwemoto kunye nomsebenzi

Iimoto ezingaqhelekanga ngumbane wombane, esebenzayo ekutshintsheni okwangoku. Umnxeba wombane ugqitywa ngokuba ngumbane ngenxa yexesha apho inxalenye ehambayo ye-motor ijikeleza ayilingani niselo apho i-magnetic field ijikelezayo, eyenziwa ngenxa yokuhamba kwesantya esishiyekileyo ekuhambeni kwe-engxinxu ye-injini-stator. Iimoto ezingaqhelekanga - eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iimoto zamagesi, sele zithandwa kakhulu kunabo bonke amashishini, ubunjineli njalonjalo.

I-motor induction ekuyilo yayo inesibini ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo: i-rotor kunye ne-stator. Ezi ziqendu zihlukaniswe ngendawo encinane yomoya. Inxalenye esebenzayo yeenjini ingabizwa ngokuba yi-windings kunye nesiphaluka sombane. Iindawo ezakhiwayo zibonelela ukupholisa, ukujikeleza kwe-rotor, amandla nokuqina.

I-stator yintsimbi echitshiweyo okanye insimbi yensimbi yesimo se-cylindrical. Ngaphakathi kwendlu ye-stator kukho isiphaluka sombane, i-stator ehambayo ifakwa kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo zokucoca. Zomibini iziphelo zokuxhoma zixhunywe kwibhokisi yokugcina kwaye zixhunywe nguthathu unxantathu okanye inkwenkwezi. Ukususela ekupheleni, indlu ye-stator ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo ngamabherethi. Iibherelo kwi-rotor shaft zixinzelelwe kulezi zixhobo. I-rotor ye-motor asynchronous yintsimbi yentsimbi, apho isiphaluka se-magnetic siphinde sicinezelwe.

Ulwakhiwo, i-rotors ingahlulwa ngamaqela amabini amakhulu. Injini ngokwayo iya kuthwala igama layo ngokuhambelana nomgaqo we-design rotor. Injini yokutshintshwa kunye ne-squirrel-cage rotor yinto yokuqala. Kukho okwesibini. Eli yinqwelo ehamba phambili kunye ne-rotor yesigaba. Kwiindawo zokuhamba kweemoto kunye ne-rotor esifutshane (ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "squirrel cage" ngenxa yokufana nokubonakala kwelo rotor eneeseli kwiprotheyini), iintonga ze-aluminium zitshala kwaye zivale ekupheleni kwayo. I-rotor yesigaba ineemimoya ezintathu kuyo, ezixhunyelelana kwenye inkwenkwezi. Iiphelo ze-windings ziqhotyoshelweyo kumacangci axelwe kwi-shaft. Xa uqala injini, iibhulashi ezizodwa zixinzeleleke kumacenge. Abaxhatshazi baxhomekeke kule mibhobho, eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuqala kokuqala kwaye iqalise ngokufanelekileyo imoto yokupasa. Kuzo zonke iimeko i-phase-phase voltage isetyenziswe kwi-stator.

Umgaqo wokusebenza kwanoma nayiphina imoto engabonakaliyo ilula. Isiseko ngumthetho odumileyo wokufakelwa kwe-electromagnetic . Inkundla yamagnetic ye stator, eyenziwe yinkqubo yesithathu yombane, ijikeleza phantsi kwezenzo zangoku ezidlulayo kwi-stator. Le ntsimi yamandla iwela i-winding kunye nabaqhubi be-rotor winding. Kusuka kule nto, amandla e-electromotive (EMF) adalwe ekuhambeni kwe-rotor ngokubhekiselele kumthetho wokufakelwa kwe-electromagnetic. Le EMF ibangela ukuba i-alternate current iqhume kwi-rotor winding. Lo mjelo we-rotor emva koko udala intsimi yamandla ngokwawo, edibanisa nensimu yamagnti ye-stator. Le nkqubo iqala kwakhona ukujikeleza kwe-rotor kwimimandla yamagnetic.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuqala kwama-capacitors axhunyiwe kwichungechunge ukuya kuqaliswa ukuqalwa kwamanzi kusetyenziswa ukunciphisa ukuqala kokuqala (kwaye kunokuba kuninzi ixesha eliphakamileyo kunamanje osebenzayo kwi-motor asynchronous). Emva kokuqala, lo mqhubi uyayeka, ukugcina ukusebenza kungatshintshi.