Umgaqo sezingqondweni umsebenzi abafundi zokufunda ngempumelelo

Kangangamakhulu eminyaka zophuhliso pedagogy ichonge imigaqo ezichaphazela Impumelelo yoqeqesho, Nokufumana ulwazi ngabafundi. Bonke bephela zihlobene, kwaye izicelo zabo kwi sakhiwo sinika kukufakwa kakhulu epheleleyo ngempumelelo ulwazi olutsha nezakhono. Aqwalaselwa elinye umgaqo engundoqo sezingqondweni kunye nomsebenzi.

Ukuzimisela imigaqo zoqeqesho

Siseko zoqeqesho - izibonelelo ezingundoqo elawula umxholo, iindlela kunye neefom eziya kusetyenziswa ekufundiseni isifundo esithile. Ngokwesiseko imigaqo loqeqesho yonke inkqubo yemfundo isekelwe, ukususela umxholo uqeqesho kunye nesiphelo kunye nokukhethwa iifom kakhulu ngempumelelo kunye neendlela yokufundisa abafundi.

Emva koko, siza kuqwalasela le migaqo esisiseko yayisetyenziselwa - imisebenzi ulwazi, ecwangcisiweyo, kunye nabanye. umgaqo nganye ibonisa ngenye inkalo qeqesho isiseko ukuze kwakhiwe ukufunda imithetho.

imigaqo esisiseko yokufunda

siseko engundoqo yokufundisa yenza isiseko mkhuba kunye namava ootitshala kunye yeengcali zengqondo JA Comenius, uV Davydov, A. Disterveg, KD Ushinsky.

Ngalinye oosonzululwazi ecetywayo kucalulo imigaqo zigxininisa kwi inkalo ethile psyche yabantu, ubunakho zobuntlola. Kodwa ke, njengoko kanti, bonke bephela zihlobene kwaye akakwazi kakuhle ukusebenza ngaphandle komnye.

isayensi Modern ichonge le migaqo ilandelayo zokufundiswa wokufunda: sezingqondweni kunye nomsebenzi, ukubonakala yesayensi, ecwangcisiweyo, amandla, imvakalelo, ukufumaneka, uqeqesho unxibelelwano ebomini, indlela ngamnye ekufundeni. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthembela ngexesha loqeqesho.

isimiso zesayensi

Xa intliziyo umgaqo lwezenzululwazi ukubhengezwa lebyikulu unobangela nefuthe, siqonde uhlobo nesenzeko, ukubhengezwa imbali inzululwazi, ulwalamano phakathi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ulwazi. Yonke imithetho kunye nemithetho bafunda kufuneka ibe yechanekileyo kufanelekile ngokwenzululwazi.

Utitshala kufuneka balandele abafundi noko kufunyaniswe zizazinzulu injongo kunye neengcamango, ngokukhetha it ezibonakalayo kuphela kwinzululwazi-based, ukutyhalela abantwana ukuba bagqwese iindlela zophando lwezenzululwazi.

simiso ngendlela

Umgaqo Ulandelelwano indlela nokufunda zilawulwe ubhalo zenzululwazi, ingakumbi umsebenzi kwengqondo, ngokuxhomekeke ubudala abafundi. Oku kuthetha efanayo umsebenzi katitshala njengento phezu umbandela, abafundi; umsebenzi ngendlela yabafundi.

Umgaqo lokufundisa yenkqubo ngendlela ethile. Isifundo ngasinye entsha - ukuqhubeka endala. Umsebenzi kwimixholo oludlulayo lo mgaqo "ukusuka inisekisa kwizigqibo." Abafundi isondela iziganeko, izibakala nize kwizigqibo ezithile.

Kwakhona kuqondwe kunye nomsebenzi rhoqo kunye neencwadi kunye iincwadana, Ukugada nesenzeko ezahlukeneyo. Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kunye nezakhono yombutho kunye guquki, ukukhuthala ekufundeni. Ngezi mpawu ezinento basic isikhundla, ezisisiseko ekufundiseni. Okulandelayo, siza kunikwa inkcazelo yomgaqo sezingqondweni umsebenzi.

Ukuphumeza lo mgaqo ngendlela kufuneka:

1. Nokumisa umbandela.
2. Ukubonelela ngoqeqesho rhoqo alternation yabo yokuphumla.
3. Bonisa inkqubo ngesayensi, unxibelelwano ahlukeneyo.
4. Sebenzisa xa echaza izinto wesiphaluka.

Umgaqo kokufikeleleka zoqeqesho

Ukufumaneka umgaqo loqeqesho ukuba iiklasi nakhelwe ngokungqinelana nobudala kunye nobuchule bengqondo kwabafundi. Ukuze benze oku, utitshala ukhetha ezona ndlela zifanelekileyo kunye iintlobo zoqeqesho, ukhetha umbandela ukuze kufundwe abafundi kwamandla. Kubalulekile ukufumana ngethuba izinto uqeqesho olusekelwe kulwazi malunga ihlabathi, ukufundisisa zesifundo ekhoyo. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa izifaniso kunye nothelekiso, uthelekise ingcaciso entsha sele kwaziwa. Ezi zinto kufuneka kondliwa ngokungqinelana nomgaqo "ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo."

Umgaqo uqeqesho zonxibelelwano kunye nobomi

Ngokusekelwe unxulumano wafumana izinto kunye nangezenzo woveliso. Efunyenwe ngethuba ukufunda ulwazi umbandela kufuneka usetyenziswe xa kusenziwa, wamkela neemeko ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ngeendlela ezininzi, ke kusekelwe kumgaqo sezingqondweni umsebenzi. Ukuba umfundi ubona unxulumano phakathi injongosenzi kunye elizayo, uba nomdla kwisifundo sakhe, bezama ukuqonda utitshala wathi, ukuze uliqonde kakuhle into ethile.

Umgaqo-ntetho uqeqesho

Umgaqo kwengcaciso, ukusetyenziswa izixhobo ezibonwayo eklasini - imizobo okanye imizobo, iitshati, iimephu, iigrafu, imifanekiso. Ngoncedo lwabo, abantwana bafunde ulwazi, hayi kuphela ukuva kodwa ngoncedo olunye ulwazi isiteshi - ezibonwayo, nto leyo eyandisa ngokubonakalayo amathuba izinto ukufunxeka.

Oku kubhekisela ukucaca nokuqhuba uvavanyo ezahlukeneyo kunye amalinge, ingakumbi kwizifundo of chemistry, eziphilayo zemvelo.

Namhlanje, xa ukulahlwa ootitshala kwabonakala iintlobo ezintsha ngokupheleleyo nokuthelekelela - movie, iividiyo, iinkqubo zekhompyutha. ukusetyenziswa kwazo eklasini ayikwazi kuphela ukwandisa amathuba zokunkqaya nezinto zokufunda, kodwa kananjalo nokusebenzisa iinkqubo-siseko sezingqondweni umsebenzi, abantwana anomdla kuphononongo isifundo esithile.

Amandla Umgaqo kwezakhono wabagagamela kunye nolwazi

Uphawu lo mgaqo - a nokwenziwa enzulu Nakukubona ngezibakala neengcamango, imithetho, iimbono, Tu ingqondo kubo. It is baqaphela ngokuphinda isifundo, ukusebenza ulwazi ezifunyenwe imibuzo ekhokelayo uthelekiso ngaphambili wafunda izenzakalo ezintsha, zokuhlela kunye gabalala.

Kuyinto ngenxa lo mgaqo phambi kokuba kwenziwe uvavanyo ngalo mbandela, abafundi isifundo nokumisa ulwazi olufundiweyo, ngabunye iimpazamo zabo. Ekupheleni konyaka mfuneko ukuphindaphindwa zonke izinto kufundwa ngendlela efanayo njengoko uphindaphindo ekuqaleni konyaka. Ukongeza, isikolo aphezulu becala kwakhiwa kumgaqo amandla ulwazi, kuba ngexesha kukuqeqesha abafundi ukuphinda umbandela bafunda kumabanga 5-9 uze nzulu ngayo.

Umgaqo lwendlela ngamnye

Oku kusekelwe sinceda umfundi ngamnye ukuba kahle ulwazi. Utitshala uchonga umdla umfundi, unika imisebenzi ngokungqinelana nenqanaba kunye nomdla.

Kaninzi ootitshala abachaphazelekayo kunye nabafundi ngakumbi, eshiya izifundo kunye echaza isihloko esithile ngakumbi kwimeko apho umfundi akaqondi kuyo.

Ukuze banike abafundi ngamnye inendlela enomahluko eqhuba umsebenzi sipho ukusebenza kwiiprojekthi ngamaqela okanye ngababini.

Kuba abafundi abaninzi abanomdla iiklabhu okanye imisebenzi yezifundo. Konke oku kuyanceda ukuphumeza kuphela umgaqo sezingqondweni umsebenzi ekufundiseni, kodwa ukufumaneka, ngendlela.

Umgaqo nesithukuthezi

Ukuphumeza lo mgaqo, utitshala kufuneka bafunde wabaza iimvakalelo zabantwana, neya kugxininisa isifundo nomdla kwisifundo.

Oku kuphunyezwe, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba isimo sengqondo lobuhlobo katitshala abafundi, inzala yakhe kwisifundo wafundisa. Kwakhona kubalulekile kwaye imbonakalo yangaphandle ngutitshala.

mgaqo esebenzayo Nakukubona

Umgaqo sezingqondweni umsebenzi kwezemfundo - enye yokufunda phambili. Nguye lowo kugqiba indlela yomsebenzi cognitive labafundi, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuyilawula.

Ukuphunyezwa kwe-siseko ulwazi kunegalelo ekucaciseni iinjongo kunye neenjongo zenkqubo yokufunda, ukubaluleka kwayo yokusombulula ubomi probleom.

Kuba ekuphunyezweni kwalo mgaqo kufuna inxaxheba abafundi kwinkqubo yokufunda, isimo sengqondo esihle ekufundeni, inzala kulo mbandela, kokungqinelana uqeqesho, ithuba umahluko kwemisebenzi, ukusetyenziswa iindlela zale mihla uqeqesho, ubuchule utitshala ukuba athathe ingqalelo umgangatho isimo kwabafundi, ulwazi lweempawu sekuphelisweni kwephakade eli. Njengoko ubona, umgaqo sezingqondweni umsebenzi bafundi ndaqonda ngokusebenzisa neminye imigaqo yokufunda.

Ithi Umgaqo:

1. abafundi ekuqondeni iinjongo zokufunda.
2. Ukwazi ukufikelela indlela injongo ebekwe ngokufunda.
3. Ukuqonda izibakala kunye nemithetho ezenzululwazi kunye ukuvela iziganeko ezahlukeneyo.
4. Nokwenziwa ulwazi kunye nokusetyenziswa lwabo esebenzayo.

Imithetho-siseko sezingqondweni kunye nomsebenzi

Esiza kuxubusha ngayo ngokweenkcukacha umgaqo sezingqondweni kunye nomsebenzi. Imigaqo emayilandelwe ukusetyenziswa kwayo, oku kulandelayo:

kufuneka 1. Abafundi baqonde intsingiselo imisebenzi zabo, baqonde injongo yokufunda. Isifundo njalo iqala ekuyilweni ingxaki, zisekelwe kumava angaphambili abafundi.

2. Kufuneka usebenzise zonke iindlela ezikhoyo kootitshala ukukhuthaza abafundi encwadini efundwayo.

3. Abafundi kulindeleke ukuba budibane ulwazi kuphela malunga izinto ezinzulu, kodwa ukuqonda ubuntu babo, iipateni zabo ingenzeka kunye nophuhliso, babe nako ukusebenzisa olu lwazi practice.

4. Laveka ukuba ukuzeyisa nokuzithemba ekufundeni. Utitshala unoxanduva ukuyilwa ezi zakhono, ezama ukuphuhlisa kwi abafundi kunye nemfuneko kubo.

5. Umsebenzi katitshala - ukubunjwa umdla okwinkqubo yemfundo kunye nokuqulethwe kwento.

6. Xa ingcaciso ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuvelisa imizekelo abaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukupha kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ukufunxeka kwayo.

7. Buza lo mbuzo, "Kutheni?". Kuyanceda ukuba wenze iinkqubo ingcamango yokuba kukhokela ekumiselweni kobudlelwane kobude.

iziphumo

Imfundo lusekelwe kwimigaqo ezininzi, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo ekunokuthiwa umgaqo sezingqondweni umsebenzi. Isicelo umsebenzi utitshala yonke imigaqo-siseko siye zidweliswe uqinisekisa impumelelo ekufundeni kwakhe nawuphi na umntwana, kungakhathaliseki sifundo.