Yintoni egqibayo uxinzelelo kwi ulwelo kunye negesi?

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, uxinzelelo ngokoqobo singqongwe. Ikhona nokuba kwisifundo okanye emzimbeni. Kwanele ukuba athi ukuba nasiphi na isixhobo okanye ophilayo kumphezulu koMhlaba, ukucofa xi 100 KN / m2. Le yengcinezelo column lomoya. Abantu kanye ukuqonda ngakumbi umfanekiso olubonakalayo lwe koxinzelelo njengoko imikhosi ngqo kwisithuba azifakwanga. Oku kuyinyaniso ukuba imikhumbi ekwanti. Kwiinqanawa ezivulekileyo, lo mfanekiso - ngenxa yoxinzelelo intloko. Nayiphi xi irhasi fluid yaye - sisiphumo 'ukuziphatha' le molecule umbandela ngokwayo. Eyona oyinyaniso ulwelo, igesi kunye iqiniso eziqinileyo ukuba xi njengoko inani elibonakalayo - umkhosi lilonke amaqhuma phezu iimolekyuli kumphezulu.

Kakade physics iyevakala kwakusazeka ukuba ifomula xi ulwelo kunye negesi unalo ifomu:

F = ρ x g x h, [Pa]

Phawula indlela amacandelo. Ukuba uthatha nawuphi na umthamo kolwelo / igesi ukufumanisa uxinzelelo kwindawo yayo inokuba ngolu hlobo. Ingcinezelo - ungamandla isicelo ukuya kwindawo - F / S. Le kuqondwe ngumfundi omnye. Ngoku bhala ukuba amandla, kususela yesibini umthetho Newton - amaxesha wobunzima lunikezelo (kulo mzekelo - xa kulwelo ukusebenza kwimo ezizolileyo - kukukhawuleziswa womxhuzulane). Ngenxa yoko, ubunzima - kokona kuxinana imveliso kumthamo ahlala kuyo umzimba. A umthamo kungenziwa ibolile njengoko imveliso kwindawo ephakamileyo. Xa ifomu ifomula sifumana:

P = F / S = (m × g) / S = (V × ρ × g) / S = (S × h × ρ × g) / S = ρ x g × h

apho P - uxinzelelo, F - amandla, S - pdoschad, m - ubunzima, g - free ukuwa ukukhawulezisa, V - ivolyum, ρ - ukuxinana, h - ukuphakama

Pa = N / m2 = (kg × m / s2) / m2 = (m3 × kg / m3 × m / s2) / m2 = (m2 × m x kg / m3 × m / s2) / m2 = m × kg / m3 × m / s2 = kg / (m × C2)

Le yunithi zibonisa njani wambumba Pascal. Blez Paskal waba umphengululi owaziwayo, kuquka kwinkalo ye physics. Nguye ke umbhali womthetho ezingundoqo, nto leyo uphendula lo mbuzo: "Indlela ukufumana uxinzelelo ze gesi okanye engamanzi xa Liphumle" Ngenxa yamava akhe ifunyenwe omnye imithetho ezibalulekileyo zemvelo kunye hydraulics - uxinzelelo emzimbeni (ulwelo okanye igesi) kuyo nayiphi na indawo ekhethiweyo ngokulinganayo kulo lonke komhlaba, esinxibelelana umzimba.

Kwinzululwazi yesayensi mihla - inkqubo ngamanzi bexhobele kunye nomthetho, kunye negunya layo - "Umthetho njalo." Uthi ukuba uxinzelelo ulwelo rhoqo nangaliphi na ulwelo, ukuba kusathe cwaka. Ezi iziseko kwaye wabeka isiseko izibalo iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ngoku wenza kube lula ukwenza izisombululo engaqhelekanga zobugcisa. Kule mihla, nayiphi na inkqubo okanye indlela elisebenza nge lulwelo okanye igesi, nakanjani ebalwa obuncamisileyo amaxabiso umda (ezaziwa ukusuka ucwaningo for izinto ezahlukeneyo) apho zakha uxinzelelo kwi ulwelo kunye negesi.

Ukuba sicinga kontanga zikwimeko ezolileyo le engamanzi, kuyimfuneko ukuthetha xi gidrostaticheskome. Ukuba sithethe malunga nemiba, ochaphazelekayo ngakumbi ukuthetha nokulatyuza. isando Water - zesiganeko okwenzeka amatanki kunye nemibhobho, ngenxa kokunyuka ngequbuliso ndinyanzelekile nakweyiphi na indawo. Yonke gidromehanizmy kunye nezinto zabo zibalwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo static abumbe mfutshane - hammering. Umzekelo, ebangela ukungaphumeleli impompo yi ihamile nje ngamanzi. Ngokutsiba enkulu kumgca umendo unako ukufikelela nendwe, kwaye oko akuphumeleli (ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye).

Kunika umdla kukuba nangona kulwelo na incompressible, kwaye (phantse) kwelinye icala, oku kuphucula ukudluliselwa umfutho. On the enye - ukuba liya kuba elide yaye kuya kubakho zingaphazanyiswa (umzekelo, filter nendlu), ihamile amanzi kuwucima ngokupheleleyo. Tshintsha xi engamanzi kunye itoti igesi kunye nezinye izinto. Into yokuqala oluvela ifomula - utshintsho ukuphakama isingxobo indawo. Lo mgaqo eli lisetyenziswa kumaxesha amandulo, impucuko ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye njengoko ibonakala ngokucacileyo ezilalini. Sekunjalo eshiyeke eSoviet Union amanzi iinqaba asebenza kulo mgaqo. Uxinzelelo obunamandla ye kwimpompo lokomeleza onikezelwa ngamanzi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile. It ilawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo - elidadayo kwitanki yakho yangasese (xa inqanaba edadayo liphuma kunye sokunqika ocima off amanzi). Okulandelayo, self-luphe enabela ulwelo, ekubeni inqanaba layo phezu nemisinga, kunye nokuvulwa incinane.

Ukongeza, uxinzelelo zingatshintshwa ngokutshintsha lobushushu. Oku kuchaphazela uqina ezi molekyuli, kwaye ke inani lwaBafundi imivumbo. Kubonakala ukuba enkulu na, ukuba ephakamileyo iza kuba uxinzelelo kwi ulwelo kunye negesi. Kodwa ngaba kunjalo? Eneneni, akukho. Apha ke izinto zobumnini. Amanzi, umzekelo, izokhula kanye nokuba umthamo, nomoya - lifinyele. A Umzekelo elula - ngubani na umyezo uyazi ukuba ubusika kufuneka asophise amanzi asuka kwisixokelelwane mbane, imibhobho izivingco musa kugqabhuka. Omnye umzekelo emoyeni - zivuthelana ibhaluni niyibeke efrijini 10 ... imizuzu eli-15. Xa u kume oko, kuya kuncipha umthamo. Ukuba kugalela amanzi ashushu evela iketile, yena ngokukhawuleza ukudumba.

Ingcinezelo - into ukuba kufuneka siphile kuphela, kodwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Cinga diving ukuya kubunzulu okanye isandi ngumtshangatshangiso ngokuduma esomeleleyo. Soloko qaphela kwaye ukhumbule ukuba uxinzelelo - na intshukumo molekyuli, kunye iimolekyuli - ngamaceba yobomi!