Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov. Imisebenzi best yaseChekhov

Kweli nqaku siza kwazisa ukuba ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov, umbhali omkhulu Russian wemidlalo. Kuwo uya kufunda malunga nendlela ehamba lasungulwa njengombhali original yelifa ezinobuchule Anton Pavlovich, iinkcukacha kunye nesimilo umdali imisebenzi ongafiyo. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov uqale ukuchazela ngobomi bakhe.

kwiminyaka yokuqala umbhali

Anton yaseChekhov wazalwa baseTaganrog. Uyise, Chehov Pavel Georgievich, yaba umrhwebi engena labakhandi wesithathu. Igama kaMama Eugenia Yakovlevna. Oku irekhodwa kwirejista ecaweni yecawa saseTaganrog.

Ngokutsho memoirs zabazalwana yaseChekhov ngokwakhe, akhuliswe yayibukhali entsatsheni. Wafunda umbhali abasebatsha esikolweni lwamandulo, wanceda nodade wakhe nomzalwana kwivenkile yokutya kuyise, kwaye kananjalo bacule ekwayaleni, leyo wahlelwa Pavlom Georgievichem. Ngokutsho kuyise, evenkileni efunekayo entunjeni umninindlu, ngoko Anton ukuba bonke abantwana aqotho, kaninzi wazifumana indima unobhala wenkundla. Ndadlula phambi elizayo umbhali ephilileyo gallery ezahlukeneyo zabantu iindidi, iincoko, abalinganiswa. Waba ubungqina unwitting ukuya ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi, amalungiselelo ungquzulwano. Konke oku negalelo yokuba Anton Pavlovich ulwazi kom abantu, yena ngokukhawuleza ekhula.

Ukufudukela eMoscow

Uyise waya ongenamali 1876, babalekela eMoscow evela amatyala, apho intsapho yakhe, wahlala. oonyana Elder, Nicholas noAlesandire, waya kufunda kwikomkhulu ngaphambili. Anton, Noko ke, wahlala baseTaganrog ukuba ukugqiba esikolweni samabanga aphakamileyo. Kaloku wayephila bakhe ngokubanika izifundo, nokuba ithunyelwe imali eMoscow intsapho. Iqala ubomi elizimeleyo kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov. Ngexesha loqeqesho umdlalo "Ukukhulisa" wadalelwa esikolweni sabo, umsebenzi, "Yintoni chicken wacula" (vaudeville), kwakunye imisebenzi emininzi mfutshane ahlekisayo.

Ukufunda eyunivesithi

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov ngeminyaka kwisithuba ukususela ngowe-1879 ukuya kwiminyaka 1884, limelwe ziganeko zilandelayo. Ngeli xesha, umbhali waba umfundi kwiYunivesithi Moscow, wangena Faculty Medical.

Ngelo xesha wapapasha omfutshane skits, parodies, iziqhulo kwiimagazini ezahlukeneyo kwinqakwana ( "Clock", "laba", "Iingceba") phantsi awethu ezahlukeneyo (umzalwana kabawo, Indoda Ngaphandle udakada, Antosha Chehonte, Purselepetantov). Imisebenzi yokuqala eshicilelweyo - a lumo osihloko sithi "Ileta eya ummelwane Scientist" yaye "Yintoni ixhaphakileyo ..." Omabini la misebenzi yapapashwa ngo-1880. Emva kweminyaka 4 kukho incwadi yokuqala ka umbhali amabali amafutshane, "Tales ka Melpomene", ngoko ke ngowe-1886 - "Amabali motley" ngo-1887 - "Xa ngorhatya", ngo-1890 - ". Abantu udakumbile"

Ukuqaphela lokuqala labafundi nabagxeki

Ayizange nangoko kuza kulwamkelo yaseChekhov abahlalutyi Russian, kodwa impumelelo abafundi, wathola kakhulu ngaphambili. Kwaye ezi bagxeki bakwazi ukuqonda. Akukacaci ukuba umbalisi uthi yaseChekhov, kuba yintoni injongo na, njengoko kuyimfuneko. Nangona ke ukulahlwa engaqhelekanga kakhulu wokushumayela, umnqweno ukusombulula imiba 'enkulu "kuncwadi (" Yintoni? "" Ngubani na ukuba ityala? "), Njengokuba kuye ngokwemveli kwenzeka ngemisebenzi ezakudala Russian. Noko ke, kwiminyaka embalwa emva bt kwayo ngumbhali 1887, yaseChekhov ngokuba yingqokelela yamabali amafutshane osihloko sithi "Xa ngorhatya" yodumo Pushkin Prize. Yaba ingqalelo kuphela ngaye umbhali, kodwa uhlobo olwenze yaseChekhov. Abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe waqonda njenge amabali ibali zabo, ubomi babo. Chukovsky, umzekelo, wathi uTolstoy kwabonakala konke, kodwa iincwadi zakhe uthetha mntu wumbi, kodwa ibali yaseChekhov kaThixo "Ubomi Bam" ibhalwe ngokungathi ngalo, ukuyifunda, ukuba ufunda blog yakho.

yezonyango kunye ukubonakaliswa kwayo kwimisebenzi

Wamiselwa kwisiphaluka ongugqirha 1884, Chekov waba inxaxheba kushishino zonyango.

Ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuDisemba 1890 umbhali kwisiqithi Sakhalin, baba ngelo xesha indawo apho bomhla Anton bekhonza nzima. Yaba sisenzo yoluntu yaseChekhov, 'ukuya ebantwini. " Anton Pavlovich kwincwadi ebizwa "The Isiqithi of Sakhalin" (iminyaka yendalo - 1893-1894) wenza njengoko umphandi yobomi babantu aqukuqelayo kwiimeko ekuthinjweni kunye yomsebenzi onzima. Ukususela ngelo xesha, amazwi yaseChekhov ngokwakhe, yonke imisebenzi yakhe 'prosahalineno ". Umzekelo, kwi amabali "Chamber №6", "Xa ekuthinjweni" (zombini ebhalwe 1892) ukubonakalisa amava lokutyelela esi siqithi. Ngokuphawulekayo mandundu umbhali lezempilo uhambo karhulumente, uye wawandisa inkqubo tubercular.

Ukufudukela Melikhovo

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov, isishwankathelo ngobomi apho sichaza, sele esiya ku Melikhovo. Czechs ngo-1892 bathenga kwilifa kufuphi eMoscow. Kuyo, yena walizinzisayo nje imisebenzi yakhe, kodwa ngayo abalimi bafumana abantwana babo kwizikolo ezininzi, iziko lonyango, waya kwiphondo, leyo zagutyungelwa nayindlala, kwaye kananjalo inxaxheba kubalo. Le Manor de-1898 kwakukho ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov. Baye imisebenzi ebhalwe "ulinde eRothschild kaThixo", "intethe," "The Inqina," Mfundisi of Literature "," Malume Vanya "kunye nabanye.

A. P. Chehov: ebomini, ubuchule kunye nempumelelo e Yalta

Umbhali ngo-1898 bafudukela Yalta. Apho ke wafumana isiqwenga somhlaba eyakha indlu. Ukutyelela Anton Pavlovich ezafika ezifana ababephila indumasi Mxim Gorky, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, uAleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, Isaak Ilich Levitan.

Czechs kwi 1880s emva kwexesha wadala iziqwenga emininzi yokubonela, ezifana "Goblin", "Smith", "Wedding" kunye vaudeville "wobuyiselo", "Bear."

Ngowe-1896, bengakuqondanga abaphulaphuli kunye abadlali, ubunzima kukuphanza enye namhlanje ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, imidlalo zakhe - ". I Inqina" Kodwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva, yaba yimpumelelo enkulu wawungenakucetywa Moscow Art Theatre, waba uphawu ubugcisa ukwenza elitsha. enxulumene ngokusondeleyo yeqonga ngeli xesha sobomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov. Imisebenzi intle umbhali uphose le Moscow Art Theatre, "Malume Vanya" (1898), "Oodade ezintathu" (1901) kunye "I-Cherry Orchard" (1904). Ekubeni musa kumka isimo kweemveliso yeqonga ehlabathini jikelele.

Anton Pavlovich ngo-1900 wonyulwa ukuba academician of belles-lettres, kodwa wancama yonke loo isihloko ngo-1902 (kunye Vladimir Korolenko), ukususela unyulo Gorky IAkhademi njengongasebenziyo ngengqibo yokumkani.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Czechs ngo-1901 ukutshata O. L. Knipper, ngumdlali weqonga, owayedlala le Moscow Art Theatre. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, umbhali uyaqhubeka phezu okwetyeli Badenweiler, eJamani, ngokuba unyango njengoko impilo yakhe iya iba maxongo. Apha wafa ngoJuni-2 (New Style - Juni 15). Anton Pavlovich Chehov wangcwatywa eMoscow, le Novodevichy emangcwabeni.

Yintoni esinokuyifunda ngobomi yaseChekhov?

biography ezifundisayo yaseChekhov: lo mntu ngokwakhe eyabakhulisayo. Amazwi akhe: "Nathi kufuneka uziqeqeshe ngokwakho." Njengoko umbhali oselula ayikho yaseChekhov, owaziwa kuthi. Xa umfazi wakhe ingxelo ukuba Anton ubhalo ethambileyo yokuthobela, wabaxelela ukuba eneneni uhlobo eshushu wobulali, elibukhali, kodwa lalisetyenziswa ukuba madolw 'anzima, njengokuba ezingafanelekileyo ukunyibilikisa ngokwabo umntu onesidima ezifana yaseChekhov ingqalelo yakhe.

Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yombhali eduze. Oko Wabhala ke imisebenzi, umbhali wazama ukungqina ubomi babo. ngobomi bakhe kunye efundisayo ukwenzela ukuba umbhali akwazi ukucinezela umsindo wam ubukrwada, ukuba baphuhlise ukuthamba kanye uju, Noko ke, akukho namnye ababhali xesha akazange abe. Oku kuboniswa umsebenzi wakhe. Umahluko phakathi ekuqaleni yaseChekhov (ngumbhali parodies kunye namanqaku satirical) kunye yaseChekhov 1890s ixesha kakhulu, ukususela kwixesha indalo yayo baye bafumana wabanumzana, ukuzeyisa classical kunye nokuchaneka ngokwemigaqo iimvakalelo neengcinga, isidima. Ngokusondeleyo ngalo ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov.

imibongo ozithandayo, leyo wazahlulela ukuya kwiminyaka 23 Catherine Yunoshevoy, neclassmate yakhe ( "ndlelantle yokugqibela"), emva konyaka wamngenisa indaba zakhe, "Owu abafazi, abafazi! .." umzekelo crambo engathethekiyo njengoko.

YaseChekhov zenguqu babonakaliswa kwanaxa imbonakalo umbhali, leyo zidityanisiwe, ngokokuqhelekileyo mikhwa artless Russian kunye ahlukahlukeneyo kunye profound nesisa.

Anton Pavlovich Chehov, siya echaza ubomi kunye nomsebenzi, wayezithoba kunene, beqwalasele umntu osebenza nzima. Wayengenguye i-ekuthiwa "Utitshala yobomi" kwaye ziphetshwe intetho ngqo malunga nobuhle, yokuziphatha emsebenzini wabo. Kodwa iincwadi zakhe nokutyetyiswa ixabiso yemfundo ibe (kwaye, kakade, uqhubeka) ngaphezu iimpembelelo naziphi iintshumayelo okumnandi. Sikufuna sengqondo Umbhali ukuxolelwa, ubukrwada, kodwa nesibindi intransigence le ayebaluleke yakhe - zingcakacile, ngobuchule, yaseChekhov.

LN Tolstoy ebizwa Anton Pavlovich "igcisa ebomini." Ukumisela le kukho iintsingiselo ezimbini: lithetha "artist" nje kuphela "inkosi kwamagama." Czechs rhuthu ubomi bakhe, ukwakha ukusuka kweyokuqala ukuya ngomzuzu wokugqibela nje ubungqina theorem yokuziphatha.

Iimpawu zamabali yaseChekhov kaThixo

Njengokuba besesitshilo, amabali yokuqala lo mbhali multi-amaninzi ezifana yaseChekhov, isincoko nobomi ezinobuchule apho kuza kuqalisa kweli nqaku zahluke kakhulu kwabanye, ebhaliweyo emva 1888. Eli banga sele ikhankanyiwe ngengozi - kucingwa yalitshintsha umsebenzi sinomdla umbhali na. Xa amabali yokuqala ( "nasebubini", "Ukufa kwigosa," kunye nabanye.) Ilawula ngaphezulu yonke into ehlekisayo. Fantasy ngayo umbhali, azibize Purselepetantovym, Antosha Chekhonte et al., Ngaba obungapheliyo natyebileyo eqaqambileyo engalindelekanga kwaye funny amabali, imifanekiso, imixholo. Waba nako ukubona nabo ebomini babo.

Yiloo nto ke ithoni amabali kungeniswa-1890. Ezikhona kusenza zabo, usizi, umbhali ukuzisola, ikakhulukazi eziyintandabulumko. poetics ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi kamva yaseChekhov, lubonakaliswa uhlobo zicacisa indalo nje amabali satirical.

Eneneni, imisebenzi kubonakala elula imbaxa, kusekho ingqiqo non-ukudinwa, ukungazithembi. indawo yombhali nto kugxininiswa kuyo. Ithoni idla - indida lyrical. Ngokuba nombhali ngoncumo elusizi oqondela umntu ukhumbula indlela ezintle, ubomi obugqibeleleyo, indlela kufuneka. Into esemqoka ye yaseChekhov - Awakening isazela bafundi kwaye ayibeki izimvo zabo malunga ihlabathi nomntu, uncwadi kunye nobomi.

Iimpawu lwedrama yaseChekhov kaThixo

YaseChekhov wadala theatre yakhe, kunye ulwimi awodwa dramaturgical. Ku nga nangoko esingaqondwayo bexesha lakhe yaseChekhov. midlalo yakhe bembalwa kwabonakala kumabala emidlalo, ukuthantamisa wenza, kunye zokusilela kwenkqubo, kunye iingxoxo guqukayo yelulwa kunye kuyilo poster akuboni, njalo njalo .. Umzekelo, Mxim Gorky wabhala "I Cherry Orchard", engenisa ulangazelelo abaphulaphuli ukuba umsebenzi imoto eluhlaza okungaziwa. YaseChekhov Ithiyetha mood zadalwa: halftone, usingiselo ukuba 'impembelelo efihlakeleyo "(Nemirovich-Danchenko) - ubukhulu becala nombono quest kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Chronotope kwidrama yaseChekhov kaThixo

Anton Pavlovich wandisa isigama chronotope (ixesha kunye nendawo), uphawu le ncwadi yamandulo Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19. Xa imisebenzi ababengaphambi kwakhe ziko yabonelelwa Manor becala yeengcungcu, abalimi kunye izikhulu Russia. Ke yaseChekhov yaziswa imisebenzi zomntu ezidolophini kunye ehambelana sengqondo ezidolophini. Chronotope yaseChekhov - ixesha-isithuba yesixeko. Andizimisele ubume ekuhlaleni, musa ukuma, kwengqondo, imvakalelo umzi womntu.

YaseChekhov baza ingqiqo yakhe womntu kunye nomfanekiso ubomi - eyona unheroic, ngemihla. In imisebenzi akukho elibukhali iingxabano, imizabalazo, ungquzulwano. Ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngathi akukho nto yenzekayo kubo. I intshukumo ayikho ukusuka isiganeko omnye komnye, kwaye ukusuka kwimeko isimo.

nemidlalo Polysemous ulwimi, amaculo, kwizafobe, bemiqondiso, oko kwakufuneka ukuvelisa ingqiqo jikelele yokuba kuthetha, isimo jikelele.

indalo Value yaseChekhov

• Le ncwadi ibizwa ngokuba "I Isiqithi of Sakhalin" yaba uxwebhu bezobugcisa ixesha mihla lombhali.
• YaseChekhov wawuqala nokuqala tragicomedy mihla.
• Xa umsebenzi lizisa iisampulu best uncwadi wesizwe kuzo zonke iintlobo ngeentlobo zamabali amafutshane.
• dramaturgy yaseChekhov uye waba uhlobo ubiza ikhadi iincwadi Russian ehlabathini.
• I-call, nto leyo wasishiya yaseChekhov: "Yalusa wena mntu!" - obungunaphakade.
• Lo umbhali nje kuphela umbhali wemidlalo, kodwa abe yimbongi. Le mibongo, ebhaliweyo kule minyaka lokufundisa esikolweni, ibonisa ubomi bakhe.

• Kwaye ke umsebenzi yaseChekhov, imibongo ezingcono Izakufunyanwa umqulu elinesibhozo "Works and Iileta, 'yaye ngobomi bakhe Kuyinto ephawulekayo.
• ezifunyaniswe Artistic lo mbhali nempembelelo ngamandla yeqonga noncwadi zenkulungwane yama-20. Iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi imisebenzi ezinkulu zandifuna ngabafundi ifakiwe yaba nkulu wokubonelwa ehlabathini lonke.
• Le umbhali wakwazi ukwakha kuncwadi lihamba ezintsha, ezichaphazela ngokuphawulekayo uphuhliso uhlobo ibali. I ezintsha kukusetyenziswa ekuthiwa yomsinga osezingqondweni, ukwamkelwa, apho kamva yathathwa kaYakobi Joyce kunye nabanye ababhali modernists.
• YaseChekhov waba ngowokuqala kwiincwadi Russian, owabonisa ngokucacileyo kuthi umfanekiso womntu endaweni yokubutha kwamadoda kwiphondo, anqunyulwe banxanelwe amanyathelo, ebanzi-nye nonke, neminqweno emihle. Ayikho enye, umbhali wabonisa ngokucacileyo njani kuluntu yaye loo mntu philistinism eziyingozi (amabali "UMfundisi of Literature", "Ionich").

Ngenxa yoko, siye ngokubanzi thaca ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov. Eyona engcono kakhulu umdla yaye uyafundisa, siye ekhethiweyo kuwe. Siyaleza, kunjalo, sebenzisa eminye imithombo. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov nemihla uyakwazi ukuhlola ukuba ufuna iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu. Iincwadi ezibhalwe lo mbhali, kukho ngoku ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kunika umdla ukufunda imbalelwano Anton Pavlovich kunye nomfazi wakhe, epapashwe ngowe-1972 Schatsem V. Danilova S. kunye nabanye, kwakunye nzima-Gitovicha N. I., wadala ngowe-1986, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba memoirs ababephila lo mbhali enkulu. Ubalo sobomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov kunokwenziwa kwinto wandixhasa ezi kunye neminye imithombo.