UMgaqo-siseko Japan: kumthetho wesiseko ngaphandle naziphi na izilungiso

siseko Japanese Modern kusisiphumo ngokoyiswa ngurhulumente yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Eyona iphambili yomthetho ezisisiseko yaseJapan kukuba kwimbali yonke ikhona ukuba awuzange wenziwe izilungiso enye. Phambi kokuba nokwamkelwa loxwebhu wenza-ekuthiwa siseko meydziyskaya kweli lizwe. Eli nqaku liza kunikwa luthelekiso nezibonelelo zombini amaxwebhu.

UMgaqo-siseko Japan 1889

Meydziyskuyu siseko wabhengezwa ngo-1889, yaye ngowe-1890 oko wangena force. amalungiselelo yayo zezi zilandelayo:

• yobukhosi bobabo umlawuli;
• zonke iintlobo amandla e kolawulo soMhlekazi;
• amalungelo nenkululeko elinikwe umlawuli Japanese;
• ulawulo ngalinye ihamba ngumthetho komsebenzi;
• abasemagunyeni mthetho, eyenkundla neyolawulo zincedisana igunya elongamileyo soMhlekazi.

Igama lika-siseko Japanese yi kwizibhambathiso phakathi umlawuli kunye nemikhosi zobunene-lwentando yesininzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwalo mthetho esisiseko kwakuxhomekeke iimeko ezithile zembali. Ngoko ke, kule nkulungwane yama-20, eli-siseko lula ukusekwa lobukhosi yepalamente. Kodwa emva 1929, Japan baqinis nezakhiwo emkhosini, nto leyo iye yaguquka ukutyhilwa siseko ezichazwe.

UMgaqo-siseko Japan 1947

Kungekudala emva emuva eJapan, oluye ngenxa ukoyiswa yayo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, waqalisa amalungiselelo ukuze sikuzuze ukwenziwa komthetho omtsha ezisisiseko, abacandayo phantsi kolawulo Amanyeneyo (US, UK, China kunye USSR). Eyona abakufunayo kukuba urhulumente Japanese ukuphelisa yonke imiqobo ukusasazeka kwe siseko wedemokhrasi.

Ngenxa yoko, i-siseko ekhoyo ye Japan isekelwe kwimigaqo ezintathu:

• ulongamo yabantu;
• Pacifism (kukulahlwa of war);
• intlonipho yamalungelo oluntu ayintsika.

Ezi zikhokelo nâzo Kwintshayelelo umthetho angundoqo ngasempumalanga lizwe. Kwangaxeshanye, uMgaqo-siseko Japan Uxhokonxwa mpikiswano malunga ukuzalana ubume umlawuli kunye umgqaliselo wobunganga. Enyanisweni, lo mlawuli akunagunya yokwenene kwezopolitiko, kwaye luphawu ophilayo ubunye Japan kunye nabantu bayo. Ukongeza, eli ligatya ngokupheleleyo amanyathelo zomkhosi akanayo umzekelo kwi siseko yamanye amazwe. Ke ngalo mzuzu kukho ukuphikisana ethile phakathi inqaku we-9 oMgaqo-siseko kunye nemikhosi yokuzikhusela kweli lizwe. De facto, eli nqaku wathi asithotyelwa kunye; ngokuba eli lizwe empini enamandla noko.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba siseko langoku elingazange itshintshiwe, imikhosi melo-wentando yesininzi usafuna baluphumeze. Uninzi ezo zihlomelo zicetywayo zinxulumene impi ka-Japan. Ngokukodwa, umkhosi wokhuselo Japanese wacela vula call yomkhosi. Ukongeza, isicwangciso umlawuli ukuba ukubeka kungekuphela nje isimboli kodwa intloko karhulumente. Akukho shu lithuba lokuba abafazi ukuba ahlale isithuba soMhlekazi. Ngokutsho nabameli kufuneka ukwandisa amalungelo oluntu. Oku kubhekiselele unelungelo lekhusi, imbeko nesidima, kwakunye ukufumana ulwazi.