Umhlaba Brown, iimpawu zabo kunye nokuhlelwa

Chestnut call imeko umhlaba onjalo ukuze kwakhiwe kuzo emaqeleni ezomileyo. Yintoni iimpawu yemihlaba nezompleyini ukuba olusenyongweni njengoko, eziqhelekileyo, ukufunda eli nqaku.

Phi kwaye kwakha emihlabeni nezompleyini?

Indawo imvelaphi na emaqeleni ezomileyo sezulu ebharhileyo, kwemvula, inqanaba eliphezulu ngumphunga. Imihlaba Chestnut akhiwa phantsi izityalo ezabanjwa, ngoko inkqubo bazipheka kangaka luyalambatha xa kuthelekiswa kwindawo umhlaba omnyama. Imiqathango moistening ixhomekeke kwindlela inkqubo bazipheka buthathaka okanye esomeleleyo iya kubonakaliswa.

ngaphezu kwakhe kakhulu kwimimandla yawo wasentla luphawulwa imimandla apho ukuyilwa yenziwa yemihlaba ezininzi esisityebi wamatye - limnyama. Ngenxa phambili emazantsi landa kome imozulu. Inguqu ezi imihlaba esintsundu, ngelo xesha, umxholo wamatye ukukhanya-brown apho esezantsi, umthamo kolundi - kancinane.

Ukuba imvula encinane kunye umhlaba ahlambe iimveliso zomhlaba okwanamhlanje saline akukwazeki ukuba ukungena nzulu, ngoko ke kuhlala phezu komhlaba. Ingathi ngenxa yokubola ngamandla kwezityalo kunye iikhompawundi ezifana calcium, lesilicon, nemagnesium, kunye nesinyithi kwealkali ayaphuma kukuninzi. Ngenxa phambi kwabo emhlabeni uqala ukuphuhlisa ayinayo. Into ebalulekileyo emhlabeni kwindawo emathafeni kwimozulu eyomileyo kukuba inkqubo solonetsous kuthelekiswa kwesoyi.

Iintlobo zomhlaba of emaqeleni owomileyo

• Chernozem southern nabaqhelekileyo.
• limnyama.
• Chestnut.
• brown Light.

Chernozem, nezompleyini azingcolise isijungqu esiqhubekayo kukunaba entshonalanga ukuya eentaba ze besekhaya. Eastern zeAltai kukho iziqithi ezincinane esemagqagaleni kwindawo isitya, Selenga naseMpuma Trans-zamanzi emaqeleni. Ezi imihlaba, luninzi esemazantsi lweCaspian kunye Kazakhstan kummandla weentaba eliphantsi.

Thelekisa, umhlaba abamnyama abahlala 8.5 pesenti Russian emathafeni, nezompleyini imihlaba - zonke 3. Eyona nkalo iphambili chernozems wanelisekile eliphezulu wamatye. chernozem lohlobo ziyahluka kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba enzulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ezinawo aphezulu umhlaba imvula entle ingubo, ephantsi - amanzi emhlabeni, ngomqukumbelo owomileyo phakathi. Kuyinto ezi meko efanelekileyo ukuze kwakhiwe kwimihlaba abamnyama zomhlaba, nezompleyini.

uhlobo olunganeno nganye umhlaba mdaka, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko thermal uyakhululwa maqela alandelayo: yafudumala, alungise, enzulu-nengqele. Ngaphezu koko, ngaphakathi umhlaba uhlobo olunganeno enye ezahlulwe sisithuba ngokwesini. Le eqhelekileyo, obrak, ialakalin-saline, residually solonetzic, carbonate, carbonate-solonetzic. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imihlaba nezompleyini iindidi ezahlukeneyo babe kubonakaliswa olungalinganiyo kwizigulo ezifana alkali kunye saline.

Imihlaba limnyama

Anazo inxalenye esemntla lommandla. Imihlaba Dark brown okanye cloddy kufuneka isakhiwo wamatye granular esifaneleyo komhlaba sofele zasendle kunye olimekayo - sofele uneentlenga. Ukwenzeka kwe gypsum kunye neetyuwa ezinyibilikayo kusenzeka nobunzulu malunga ezimbini neemitha. Iimpawu zomhlaba brown kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kwenkcazelo wamatye ukuma hayi. Kulo mhlaba lufikelela iisentimitha-50. Kwimihlaba awana kwi inxalenye esezantsi kolundi nehumasi esixineneyo ngakumbi. Oku kuba elicebisa amasuntswana colloidal.

isakhiwo sofele kunye blocky na imihlaba nezompleyini emnyama. iimpawu zabo ucaca ngakumbi ekwandiseni alkali ikhoyo. ubuso zezakhiwo ziye lacquered uqweqwe umbala obomvu-mdaka. Rhode solonetzic Imihlaba nezompleyini omnyama wohlulwe ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• Nonsolonetsous. Anciphisa ukuya kwi-3 pesenti sodium kukufakwa ukusuka mqulu.
• , Wavuma umhlaba - 3-5 ekhulwini.
• Srednesolontsevatye - 5-10.
• Ngamandla anetyuwa - 10-15.

Uphawu Imihlaba nezompleyini emnyama

• saline Solonetsous umhlaba nobumnyama izizinto rocks kakhulu saline. Kubunzulu kwimitha enye yamanzi iityuwa ezinyibilikayo ukunyuka.
• Kwimihlaba awana isiqulatho sodium residually ingabonakali exchangeable. Kukho ayinayo intsalela.
• In solonetsous umhlaba solodized oluphezulu okanye olusezansti inxalenye kolundi nehumasi sele efakiwe osolodevaniya ngubani thaca dust powdering ebusweni zezakhiwo.

• Imihlaba nezompleyini carbonate babe isiqulatho nangakumbi carbonate phezu komhlaba. Indawo imfundo yabo emaweni enzima.
• Formation of Imihlaba carbonate-alkali ze kwenzeka ematyeni saline kunye mechanical enzima kuqamba. Imihlaba babe ezixineneyo kunye Ukongeza iprofayile ngaso. Xa Bayanetha, uqala ukudumba aze zixinge phantsi.

Iimpawu zomhlaba brown

Eyahluke wamatye ikhoyo. Kwimihlaba nezompleyini, eli nani iisentimitha 30-40. Uninzi carbonates oluhlala kubunzulu ngeesentimitha eziyi-50, gypsum - 170, kunye namanzi-ezinyibilikayo iityuwa - in onobunzulu esiziimitha ezi-mbini. Ezi imihlaba abe neempawu ezifanayo generic njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla.

Imihlaba ukukhanya brown

Area of ukubunjwa kwabo emazantsi emaqeleni owomileyo ahlala zizityalo sagebrush kunye nengca. Ezi imihlaba akhiwa kwimozulu eyomileyo kakhulu. Lé wamatye incinane - 25-30 cm. Lubonakala yi kuqamba structureless buthathaka kunye nokuhlamba. Ngenxa yale maleko carbonate amanga kufutshane kumphezulu. Ubunzulu gypsum kunina kuyinto 1 Meter 20 cm. Kulo mhlaba iityuwa lula ezinyibilikayo yande kukuninzi, ngoko imiqondiso alkali kuvela kuyo yonke indawo. Musa imihlaba brown obrak inokufumaneka kunqabile kakhulu.

Iihorizoni eliphezulu le umhlaba umbala ukukhanya, isakhiwo sayo evakalala. Oku kuchaphazela osolodevanie. Imihlaba nezompleyini Light singahlukaniswa ngokwesini kwakunye nezinye. Ayinayo kunye saline kumhlaba ukukhanya sibonakalalisiwe ngokucacileyo uphawu lommandla.

ukusetyenziswa

Umhlaba emaqeleni, ingakumbi nezompleyini ebumnyameni, uye oovimba ezaneleyo kwezondlo. It has a ukuchuma eliphezulu. Sikhula ingqolowa, amazimba, umbona, oojongilanga, umxoxozi kunye yezityalo zasePilippi. Izivuno axhome kakhulu ukuba umhlaba ukwenza phosphorus, potash, izichumiso nitrogen uze ubambe ukufuma kuwo.

Chestnut imihlaba ngaphandle imibala emnyama okanye eqaqambileyo ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa hayfields, emadlelweni, amasimi alinyiweyo. Kodwa ke nokufuya enyamekela ukulinywa kwezityalo ngasentla. Kwimihlaba ukukhanya-brown ikhula izityalo ezahlukeneyo kunokwenzeka kuphela xa yokunkcenkceshela yayo rhoqo.

Chestnut imihlaba awana kwahluka ukuchuma umona. Ngoko ke, ukuba andise ukusetyenziswa ukubangwa kwayo imichiza kunye eziphilayo. Ngamanye amaxesha nzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba balime ilizwe.

ukushiyeka

• omdaka Light, nezompleyini kunye obrak nomgquba lomhlaba layer emathafeni kuba amandla amancinane. Ayinako ukubonelela ingcambu umaleko kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
• esifaneleyo ubunjwe kwenzeka nzulu kakhulu. Oku kuphazamisa ulawulo lwamanzi umhlaba kwaye uthintele iingcambu zesityalo ukuba zingene nzulu.
• Imihlaba awana abe elandileyo yoxinaniso kwealkali, nto leyo yenza kube yimfuneko ukuba oxidize umhlaba phambi kokuba uyisebenzise.
• emathafeni ukungabikho lomhlaba ukufuma kunye nezondlo, brown ingakumbi ukukhanya.

Umntu kufuneka kunceda nezompleyini, ephantsi-amandla, malostrukturnym kunye ialakalin imihlaba kuba unamandla, esisityebi wamatye kunye nezondlo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ngocwangco unkcenkceshele umhlaba makasizalise oovimba bayo amanzi ukuba kube izichumiso eziphilayo nezimbiwa, ukuthobela kunye nobuchule ezintsha zokulima.