I abakhenkethi indawo yokuqala Dennis Tito. Imbali flight

Dennis Tito (owazalwa August 8, 1940 e Queens, eNew York, eUnited States) - usomashishini American, owaba ngumntu wokuqala babucala kuhlawulelwa uhambo lwakhe emajukujukwini.

curriculum vitae

Tito wafumana Bachelor yakhe Aeronautics and Astronautics kwiYunivesithi New York ngo-1962 kunye Master of Engineering Science e Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute e Troy, NY, ngo-1964. Wasebenza wenjineli emoyeni kwiLebhu Jet basafunda of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), apho wanceda ukucwangcisa kwimisebenzi zolawulo Mars, "Mariner-4" yaye "Mariner 9". Ngowe-1972 wayishiya Space kwicandelo yezezimali yaye wancedisa bamfumana American lokutyala imali Wilshire Associates, kwakunye ukwenza isalathisi "Wilshire 5000" - umlinganiselo ixabiso imfuyo market US. Yena kuqala basebenzisa izixhobo zemathematika ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo isithuba, ukufumanisa imingcipheko kwiimalike zemali.

Ngoku okanye soze

April 28, 2001 - yokuzalwa vaakelani va yorhwebo. Ngale mini, lo somashishini waseMelika lowo waba kubakhenkethi yokuqala indawo kwimbali. Wayirhola ngayo ukuhlala yakhe ISS, kwakunye nokunikezelwa yabo umkhweli kwibhodi kwisiphekepheke zothutho Russian "Soyuz". kweminyaka engamashumi amane emva kokuba uYuri Gagarin waba ngumntu wokuqala isithuba, uTito wambonisa ukuba emkhathini kunokwenzeka ukuze imali, nemali eninzi, njengoko wabeka isixa ngeenxa - million 20 USD.

Wayefuna ukuya isithuba ukususela kwixesha moya Yuriya Gagarina. Kwaye UDennis waqalisa ukuguqulela iphupha lakhe zifezeke ekuqaleni kuka-2000. Ngaloo nyaka yokubuya engama-60 ubudala, yaye wayevakalelwa kukuba amathuba akhe okufumana emajukujukwini lehla ngokukhawuleza. Nangona usomajukujuku omdala Dick Slayton, ehambele kwindledlana ngowe-1975 eneminyaka engama-51.

Tito Ndathi mna. "Kaloku ngoku okanye soze"

NgoJuni 2000, yena asayina isivumelwano MirCorp, nkqubo leyo iquka moya ababe- "Soyuz Xhosa-32" kwi kwisikhululo isithuba Russian "Mir". Noko ke, ngoDisemba ka nyaka, ezi zicwangciso akuphumelelanga, naseRussia yabhengeza ukuba licwangcisela lirhoxe komzila kwisikhululo wokwaluphala ( "Mir" litshisiwe emoyeni ngoMatshi 2001).

Nangona ukucuthwa, kungekudala Dennis Tito wavuma kwakhona. Ke utyikitye isivumelwano kunye nenkampani Space Adventures, nto leyo eye umlamli ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kubantu abazimeleyo emajukujukwini. Ngelo xesha, i-ISS waba iprojekthi elitsha, ibandla olwaqala ngo-November 1998.

Isanti amavili

Icala Russian wavuma ukuthatha imali kunye Tito wanikela indawo naye enqanaweni "Union". Ke namanye amaqabane esitishini, ngokukodwa NASA kunye arhente isithuba eKhanada, iYurophu kunye Japan, ayizange isetelwe elihle. Bathi nje Russia ukuba akukho kucetyiswa ukuba ukubhabha ku uDennis.

NASA Abameli kwethuba, umgaqo, Akanangxaki ubukho abathengi yokuhlawula ababekhwele elabhoratri Bajikeleza. Nje wayengakholelwa ukuba uqeqesho April Tito uya kwanela, ukususela ngoko kuthetha ukuba iziganeko entsonkothileyo nebalulekileyo esitishini.

-Ndaba ngu NASA ngoMatshi 19, 2001, kwathiwa ukuba ubukho izisebenzi non-zobungcali aniqeqeshwa ukusebenza zonke iindlela ezingundoqo lwezitishi ezingenako ukuphendula nokuncedisa nayiphi na imeko kaxakeka enokuvela, neziya kufuna elibukhali, uya kuzisa umthwalo ebalulekileyo umkhankaso nayo iya ukunciphisa izinga iyonke ukhuseleko-ISS.

I abakhenkethi indawo yokuqala ikholelwa wobuxhego bakhe naye wadlala indima. Ngokutsho kwakhe, abantu abadala ukwenzeka kunye isifo sentliziyo, yaye imivumbo, kwaye nantoni na kodwa izithuthi isidumbu emva Emhlabeni kwakungayi kuba lula kakhulu nasengqondweni nzima. Ngoko ke, NASA sele kwenziwe konke okusemandleni ukuba Tito ayikwazanga ukubhabha ngo-Epreli.

iinyanga ezisibhozo Star City

Kodwa uTito akazange anikezele. Uqhubile uqeqesho kwi Star City kufuphi Moscow, apho oosomajukujuku abaqeqeshiweyo amaxesha kaYuri Gagarin. Tito wachitha ixesha elininzi kulo nyaka apho, ukuba esithubeni. Ngokutsho kwakhe, akuzange kube lula. Kwafuneka ukuba bahlale eRashiya iinyanga ezisibhozo, engazi ncam iya kubaleka okanye hayi.

Ekugqibeleni Dennis ekunyamezeleni kukho umvuzo. Phezu ukuphikisa NASA, yena wathunyelwa nezijikeleza Aprili 28, 2001, ukuba umntu 415th wakha bantinga emajukujukwini.

Ngokutsho uTito, yonke idrama kunye neengxaki ziyadlula, kokukhona ukuba arhente exhaswa abakhenkethi isithuba ilandelayo abaye batyelela elabhoratri Bajikeleza yaye kangaka inkxaso ye vaakelani va zabucala ngokubanzi.

kufezeka iphupho

I abakhenkethi indawo yokuqala Ibikhwele orbit, wachitha malunga ezintandathu iintsuku ababekhwele kweso ISS, waza wafika Kazakhstan Meyi 6, 2001.

Injongo yakhe kubaluleke kakhulu, ukususela waphefumlela inani yotyalo kundwendwelo kwindawo esekhusini. Mhlawumbi, inkampani Virgin esembindini Richarda Brensona, i-Blue Origin Dzheffa Bezosa, kwaye nkqu SpaceX uElon must akayi kuza kuvela kweli shishini, ukuba moya Dennisa Tito akazange athathe indawo. Umzekelo wakhe wabonisa ukuba vaakelani va iyafumaneka ukuze abantu malunga qethe, kwakunye ngokwemigqaliselo yemali.

Kuba inxenye yayo, wavuya Tito ezathatha inxaxheba ukuzalwa shishino, nangona zonke imboleko ngeendleko koosomashishini kunye nabakhenkethi Orbital abeza emva kwakhe. Ke yena, Kakade ke, uhambo uya kusoloko isandi kwinqanaba siqu ngakumbi. Ngokutsho uhambo Tito yaba iphupha lakhe kunyaka-40 ubudala. Moya wamnika imvakalelo ubomi - yonke into aya kuyenza ngaphaya uya kuba yintoni umvuzo eyongezelelweyo kuye.

Dennis Tito - abakhenkethi space

UTito wafika kwi Kazakh emathafeni enqanaweni kwendiza philisi "Soyuz" iziphekepheke, nto leyo wabuyela kuye waza cosmonauts ezimbini IsiRashiya ukuya kwi ISS Emhlabeni. UDennis, Talgat Musabayev kunye uYuri Baturin ifike ngo- 05:42 GMT. Oosomajukujuku eyayifakwe imijukujelwa ukuba akufake ukuwa iparashute. kwiiyure ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba philisi "Soyuz" undocked ukusuka Station Space baza umbane-fast yehla eMhlabeni.

In ividiyo lokugqibela kwisithuba Tito wathi yena buqu wazalisekisa iphupha lobomi bakhe, ngekumlungele kanye ukuba akukho nto kuba kuye, wabulela bonke abo inkxaso umsebenzi wakhe. Xa abaqhubi washiya ISS, Talgat Musabayev kunye US ngusomajukujuku Dzhim Voss wayamkela wanikina izandla kunye Tito Voss. Ke Tito kunye oosomajukujuku wahamba headfirst kungena "Union", kwaye ngemigca exweseneyo osuka philisi esitishini lavalwa. Ngaphakathi philisi, ebonisa ukutya - kwisiphekepheke sisondela amandla lawo ISS, wondla ikhompyutha olwandle. Benza ntoni iisuti zasemajukujukwini enkulu kwendiza emva Emhlabeni, inqanawa lukhangelwe ukuba azivuzi, yaye undocked ukusuka esitishini.

Khamera kwi philisi wabonisa kususwe ngokukhawuleza ISS ukubonakala kwicandelo Ngenxa Umhlaba. Le philisi isasazeka ngokuthi umhlaba kanye waza wohlukana uninzi ubunzima bayo, kuquka iyunithi zokuhlala yangasese kunye ikhitshi, kwakunye gumbi obusisixhobo neebhetri kunye solar. Kwakukho kuphela ton-3.3 ebikhona capsule.

kwendiza nzima

Iparashute omkhulu "Union" bekufanele ukuba ukuvula at 05:26 GMT, phambi iinjini brake iya kusebenza ukuze athambise indiza. Kwiseshoni yokugqibela kunye crew the Mission Kumbindi Wolawulo e Korolev, ibekwe kufuphi Moscow, uTito wabuza Musabaeva ukunika amacwecwe amabini amanzi anetyuwa iyinceda ukuba ikwazi ukusinda overload. Akazange ukucacisa oko abo amayeza.

flight alimwi uPetros Klimuk yazisa crew ukuba imozulu kwisiza ukugaleleka kufuphi elalini, ibekwe 400 km kumzantsi-ntshona kwekomkhulu Kazakhstan Astana, elungileyo, cloudiness kancinane, umoya 3-7 m / s kunye ubushushu - malunga 20 ° C.

emva kokufika

Emva kokufika neekhilomitha ezingama-80 kumntla-mpuma Arkalyk kwi-Kazakh emathafeni trio wadlula lokuqala lonyango ujonge-up kwiziko lonyango mobile. Ukusuka apho abasebenzi ndasiwa moya ka Astana ukuba intlanganiso esemthethweni kunye noMongameli we Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Emva emfutshane inkomfa at 12:00 GMT kwi kubakhenkethi kwisithuba sokuqala, kunye Musabaev Buchanan waya eMoscow. amagosa space Russian abakulindele kwendiza ekhuselekileyo uhambo impikiswano Tito yaphela ngokukhawuleza.

Owayesakuba Senator US kunye usomajukujuku Dzhon Glenn ebizwa ngokuba uhambo Tito ebhalwe isiphekepheke kakubi Russian zoonozakuzaku zophando esisiseko ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Noko ke, wathi yena akazange agxeke Tito kumnqweno bakhe ukuba bangene kwisithuba, njengoko ngamava eningenakukholwa yiyo, kodwa azive ngolu hambo kakubi iziphekepheke eyenzelwe ukuqhuba uphando.

NASA uloyiko

Nangona isibakala sokuba NASA ayiyeke ibhabhe Tito ukuba ukuzaliswa-billion multi esimbaxa isithuba, uhambo yavusa intelekelelo yokuba amanye amalungu le-Elite kuya kufuna ukuba angalandeli emoyeni. Phakathi abamagama zetha mlawuli Dzheyms Kemeron, umnini "Oscar", eyayibulindile ukuba engile ogqibeleleyo ukufaka emhlabeni.

Encoma Cameron ukuba ukulinda intsikelelo NASA malunga uhambo kwi-ISS, intloko-arhente isithuba Dan Goldin ngokusisigxina isikhumbuzo Tito phambi choli beendaba kunye Congress ngendlela ego yakhe ezinkulu wengozi ubala yomtyali kwi Wall Street. Le komitana weNdlu yabaMeli, wathi ukuba le meko iye uxinezeleko kakhulu amadoda nabafazi NASA nokuba uMnu Tito esingalaziyo imigudu amawaka abantu baseUnited States eRashiya, isebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko bakhe nakobo bonke abasebenza.

LweNgozi yoKhuseleko?

Loqhankqalazo kwaba ngenkankulu angena igobhogobho kwentshinyela-ISS, ebhabhela ka-300 km, apho kubakhenkethi isithuba yokuqala, owayesakuba NASA injineli, wasebenzisa inkxaso ekuthandeni abazalwana bakhe 'Union ", iindwendwe nentlonelo na oosomajukujuku ababini NASA abahlala" Alpha ", yaye wamkelwa eyaba efudumeleyo umphathi-Russian lejelo.

Kuzaliswa isandi kwiindawo kunye yakho, kwakunye lwalunjani ezidlulileyo kumazwekazi kunye neelwandle nokuhamba ngomkhombe, ihlabathi serene le umphandi ummi Tito elaphulwe kuphela kokuphelelwa ekuqaleni eHamburg.

Ngexesha inkomfa cofa, wazikhaba izityholo Goldin ukuba ubukho bakhe emngciphekweni ukhuseleko yeengcali isithuba. UTito, ngubani zihlawulwe ukuya $ 20 yezigidi moya emva naphambili, kakhulu banceda aba belungu bayehluthe kubo.

umsebenzi ophansi

Dennis Tito emkhathini kwasasazwa ukutya waza wenza umsebenzi omhle emdaka, enceda labasebenzi kunye zimshiya ixesha elingakumbi kumsebenzi substantive.

Ukuba iinkxalabo zokhuseleko zaba isizathu sokuba Tito nyaka-60 ubudala wenza uhambo lwakhe isithuba. KaYuri Baturin, cosmonaut Talgat Musabayev kunye Tito wasiwa "Alpha" capsule ukuhlangulwa entsha. Ukufika i "Union" entsha iinyanga ezintandathu ezifunekayo zonke, njengoko amafutha zinetyhefu ababekhwele kwisiphekepheke Russian yaphela kwaye ezinokudla izahlulo injini ixesha elide. inqanawa Old wayeneminyaka malunga neeveki ezimbini phambi kokuphela kwethuba layo isiqinisekiso imini-200.

NASA Agency, iqabane esisisikhokelo kumazwe-16, ngokuyinxenye uza "Alpha" kukhubeka eMoscow yokuba bathengisa indawo ukuya ingumsebenzi ongenabugcissa.

kuya kubakho ulonwabo

Kodwa ezanele inkqubo isithuba Russian, elawula uluhlu umkhweli ukuba mission, "i-Union", iye yaqhubeka umfuniselo capitalism, phezulu-ephaphazelayo, ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba ixabiso itikiti lugubungela iindleko moya. Ukunqongophala kwemali zexesha elide ukuba banyanzelisa baseRashiya ukuqala ishishini umdla lakho, esukela inkqubo isithuba eMoscow emva kokuwa eSoviet. Okunye ngenxa yesi sizathu, iRashiya iye walile station "Mir" emva irekhodi kweminyaka 15 ahlale orbit.

Washington wahlawula isabelo yengonyama ngayo iindleko zeprojekthi, kodwa eMoscow, nto leyo eye nanto amava lamaphulo isithuba ixesha elide, kwenziwe kwaza wakha iqela iindawo ezingundoqo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, lo inkcaso US wasaba Tito yaba nezepolitiki.