Umnini-nxaxheba osisigxina: isimo, amalungelo, ukhuselo lwemfuno

Umnini wesabelo esincinci ngumnini we-non-control interest in capital charter yenkampani. Inokumelwa njengomntu osemthethweni kunye nomntu omnye. Iphakheji engalawulwayo ayinikezeli umnikazi wayo ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba ekulawuleni umbutho, umzekelo, amalungu akhethiweyo eBhodi yabaLawuli.

Isikhundla esincinci kwiAO

Ekubeni umnini-nxaxheba onesabelo esincinci akanako ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwiinkampani, ukubambisana kwakhe nabanini abanini-zimali kunzima. Abanikazi bezigqeba zokulawula banokunciphisa ukubaluleka kweebhanki zabanini-mali ngabanini bamashishini ngokurhoxisa impahla kwiinkampani zenkampani yesithathu apho abanini-nxaxheba abancinci abangaxhunyiwe. Ukuthintela iimeko ezinjalo kunye nokuseka ubudlelwane phakathi kwabanini-nxaxheba ngokubanzi kumazwe aphucukileyo, amalungelo ababani bamaphakheji angabonwanga ngokusemthethweni.

Inkqubo yehlabathi yokukhusela abanini-nxaxheba abambalwa

Umthetho wamazwe athuthukile unikezela ukhuselo lwabanini-nxaxheba abasuka ekuthengiseni ngokunyanzeliswa kweempahla kubanini beephakheji ezinkulu kwiindleko ezincitshisiwe xa kwenzeka ukuba oku kulandela ukuthenga zonke izabelo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukukhuselwa kwabanini-nxaxheba abancinci kukunciphisa amandla abanini-mali abaninzi kunye neBhodi yabaLawuli ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla abo. Zonke iimiselo ezisungulwe yimithetho zenzelwe ukwandisa amandla abanikazi bamashishini abancinci kwaye zibandakanya kwinkqubo yolawulo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo umthetho unika abanikazi abancinci amalungelo anjalo ngamalungelo amakhulu ukuba baqale ukutshintshela kwi-blackmail ye-corporation, befuna ukuthengwa kwezabelo zabo ngexabiso elithintekayo ngokusongela iinkqubo zomthetho.

Amalungelo wabanikazi bamashishini aseRussia

Kwimithetho yomthetho kukho imigangatho ekhusela abanini-nxaxheba abancinci. Okokuqala, lo khuselo lithetha ukugcinwa kozimeleyo, isimo esahlukileyo kubo xa kunxulumene okanye ukufunyanwa. Kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, umnini-nxaxheba oncinci angalahlekelwa ngenxa yokunciphisa isantya kwisabelo sawo kwisakhiwo esitsha. Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwinqanaba leempembelelo zalo kwiibhunga lolawulo.

Imithetho inikezela ngamanyathelo anjalo:

1. Ukwamkelwa kwezigqibo ezininzi, kungekhona i-50%, kodwa i-75% yabathathi-mali babanikezeli, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha umda ungakhutshwa ungaphezulu. Ezi zigqibo zibandakanya: ukulungiswa komqulu, ukulungiswa okanye ukuvala inkampani, ukuchonga umthamo kunye nesakhiwo salo mcimbi omtsha, ukuthenga i-securities yenkampani, ukuvuma ukuthengiswa kwepropati enkulu, ukunciphisa ixabiso lokutyunjwa kwezabelo ezincitshiselweyo kwi-fund, kunye njalo njalo.
2. Ukhetho kwiibhodi zabalawuli kufuneka luqhutywe ngokuvota okuphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umnini-ncinane unesabelo se-5%, unokukhetha u-5% wabathathi-nxaxheba kulo mzimba.
3. Ukuba i-30, 50, 75 okanye i-95% yazo zonke iziqinisekiso zithengiweyo xa kuthengwa amasheya, umthengi makanike ilungelo labanye abanikazi be-securities ye-firm ukuze bathengise iimali zabo kwixabiso lemarike okanye ngaphezulu.
4. Ukuba umntu unayo i-1% yezabelo okanye ngaphezulu, inokuvela enkundleni egameni lequmrhu elibhekiselele kumphathi xa kwenzeka ilahleko ezenziwa ngabanini-zamasheya ngephoso lwabalawuli.
5. Ukuba umnini-mali unesabelo se-25% sazo zonke iziqinisekiso okanye ngaphezulu, kufuneka abe nokufikelela kumaxwebhu e-accounting kunye neziprotocol ezenziwe kwiintlanganiso zebhodi.

Impikiswano phakathi kwabanikezeli-nxaxheba kunye nemiphumo yabo

Ukuzinza kwenkampani kunye nokucaca kwezenzo zalo kuchaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo intengo yesitoko kunye nokukhangeleka kubatyalomali. Amanyathelo omthetho amaninzi kunye namatyala olwaphulo-mthetho kubasebenzi bezolawulo kunye nabanini-nxaxheba, ukuphulwa kwemithetho ngabantu abanamandla athile ngaphakathi kwenkampani ineempembelelo ezingafaniyo.

Ukuba umnikazi wesabelo okanye iqela liphethe ngaphezulu kwe-25% yesigxina kwaye unomdla ngaphandle kweeninzi ezithandayo, ngoko ke ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo malunga ne-75% okanye ngaphezulu okufunekayo kunzima.

Greenmail

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweengxabano zenkampani lubizwa ngokuba yi-greenmail. Le nto ayikho nto ngaphandle kokubamba iqela kwi-shareholder. Unemibonakalo eyahlukileyo eyahlukeneyo kwaye inokuphazamisa kakhulu ukuzinza ngaphakathi kwenkampani.

I-Greenmale ithetha ukuba omnye umnini-nxaxheba okanye abathathi-nxaxheba abambalwa abaye bajoyina iqela baqala ukuphazamisa ukwamkelwa kwazo zonke izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kwinkampani. Kwakhona kufaka amanyathelo okuzibophelela, okukhokelela ekubeni iinkampani kufuneka zihlawule iindleko ezinzima. Ukongezelela, abanini-nxaxheba abancinci banako ukuhlawula ixabiso lezabelo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kubo.

Ekugqibeleni, i-greenmail incitshisiwe ibe yinjongo ezimbini: ukukhuthaza iimfuno zakho kunye nokufumana amandla phezu kwenkampani, okanye ukunyanzelisa abanini-mali abaninzi ukuba bathenge amasheya avela kubancinci ngexabiso elingenangqiqo.