Abemi boMmandla waseRostov

Ummandla osezantsi weRashiya, kwingingqi yaseRostov, ineempawu ezithile kunye nezinto ezichasayo kwezinye izifundo zombuso. Oku kuyingqayizivele ngenxa yembali, indawo yokuhlala, uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lo mmandla. Kwaye zichaphazela ubungakanani kunye nokwakhiwa kwabemi baseRostov.

Indawo yeendawo

Ezantsi kweRashiya, kwi-East Yurophu Plain nakumntla weCaucasus, kukho umxholo omkhulu wesigqeba - iRostov Region. Ummandla wayo ungaphezu kwe-1 million square meters. Km, kwaye le yindawo engama-33 kuyo yonke imimandla yelizwe. Ummandla umda kwimimandla yaseVoronezh naseVolgograd, kunye ne-Ukraine, i-Krasnodar ne-Stavropol Territories kunye neKalmykia. Ukukhululeka kommandla wonke uphahlale: ukusuka entabeni encinane enyakatho ukuya kwixinzelelo - eningizimu. Ummandla ucebile kwimithombo yamanzi. Lapha kugeleza enye yemilambo emikhulu yaseYurophu - uDon - kunye neentsika zayo ezimbini - i-Manych neDonets, kukho indawo enkulu yeTsimlyansk kunye namachibi amaninzi. Ummandla usekuhlaleni lwendawo, kumzantsi kukho utshintsho kwiindawo ezinqabileyo. Ininzi yintsimi ihlala kumhlaba wezolimo ocebileyo, kukho amahlathi ambalwa apha, ikakhulukazi ama-massif aluhlaza aseMlambo. Ubomi bemihlali yaseRostov sele budibaniswe kunye nokulima kwezityalo kunye nemfuyo.

Imozulu kunye nemvelo

Isiqithi saseRostov sisekuhlaleni kwemozulu epholileyo kunye nebala elifutshane elibusika kunye nehlobo elide, elishisayo. Kwimimandla, ilanga elininzi, unyaka kukho iiyure ezili-2100 zelozulu. Iqondo lokushisa lonyaka li-10 degrees Celsius. Ubusika kuloo mmandla kwenzeka ngoDisemba kwaye luhlala kude kube sekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, inyanga ebanda kakhulu ngoJanuwari, xa i-thermometer ihlahla ukuya ku-5 ebusuku. Isikhumba sekhephu asihlali ixesha elide, ngokuqhelekileyo iiveki ezingama-203 lonke ixesha. Ubusika kwiindawo zaseRostov bunomswakama. Isiqhamo siqala kummandla ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kwaye sihlala kwiinyanga ezi-2, ngo-Matshi izityalo ziqala ukuqhakaza, ngo-Epreli i-thermometer iphakama ukuya kumanqaku e-+15 degrees emini, ngamanye amaxesha aphezulu.

Ixesha elide kakhulu kule ndawo lihlobo. Iqala ngoMeyi kwaye iphela ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Inyanga eshushu kakhulu ngoJulayi, xa ubushushu buqhubeka buphakathi kwama-25-30 degrees Celsius. I-autumn kule ndawo imfutshane kwaye iyomile, ngo-Oktobha noNovemba ukushisa kwehla kuya kwi-degrees Celsius ezili-10, ngokuphindaphindiweyo isibhakabhaka siyakhukhula kwaye umoya uvame ukuqhuma. Imimandla yasemzantsi-mpuma ibonakaliswa yimozulu yelizwekazi ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye apha ubusika bunzima, kwaye ihlobo lichitha kakhulu kunezinye iindawo zommandla. Ezi nkalo zemozulu zithintela ubuninzi bommandla kwiindawo zaseRostov kunye nokuhanjiswa kwayo. Imeko yezinto eziphilayo kwimimandla iyahlukana ncinane kwimiba kuyo yonke imimandla esemzantsi yelizwe. Ubume bungcoliswa yimoto kunye nabantu, akukho amashishini awonakalisayo, kodwa ishishini lithintela kakhulu amanzi kunye nomoya, ingakumbi kwiindawo zaseRostov.

Amandla okuba nenani

Inkqubo yokubala inani labantu baseRostov liqale ngo-1959. Kwaye kwahlala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3. Ngexesha leSoviet, loo mmandla wabonisa ukwandiswa ngokukhawuleza kwenani labemi, umyinge weenkulungwane ezingamawaka abantu ngonyaka. Ngo-1997, abantu ababalelwa kwizigidi ezi-4.5 bahlala apha. Kodwa ngokuza kweenguqu kunye nobunzima bezoqoqosho, inani labemi belo mmandla liqala ukuhla. Ngo-2016, kukho abantu abayizigidi ezi-4.2.

Izithili zesithili kunye nokusabalaliswa kwabantu

Ukususela ngo-2005, ummandla wabelwe izixeko ezili-12 kunye nezithili ezingama-43, ezinezithili ezili-18 kunye nemizana engama-390. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba abantu bezithili zedolophu yaseRostov abahambelani. Amantla angasenyakatho nakumazantsi-mpuma ayinabantu abangaphantsi kweendawo eziphakathi. Ubungakanani bemihlali yoluntu bommandla ngabantu abangama-42 kwi-square meter. Km. Kwaye ininzi yesantya esiphezulu sabantu kwisithili saseRostov ibonakala kwinqanaba elikhulu, nolu nani lusetyenziswa kubantu aba-2 ukuya ku-2,5 abantu abantu kwi-square meter. Km. Uninzi lwabahlali bahlala kwiidolophu (abantu abayizigidi ezi-2.9), kukho ukuphuma ngokukhawuleza kwabemi basezidolophini kwiidolophu zommandla. Iidolophu ezinkulu kwiindawo zaseRostov ngokubhekiselele kubungakanani bemihlaba ziyinkunzi yommandla (1.1 million abantu), iTaganrog (abantu abangama-250,000), iShakhty (abantu abangama-236,000), iNovocherkassk (170,000), iVolgodonsk (abantu abangama-170,000) Abantu).

Izikhombisi zeenkcukacha zendawo yeRostov

Ukususela ngo-2016, izinga lokuzalwa kulo mmandla likhula kwaye lincinci elingaphaya kwe-12 lulutsha ngabalimi abayi-1 000. Ngexesha elifanayo ukufa kufana, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kusekho phezulu. Oku kubangele ukuguqulwa kwamandla okukhula koluntu. Kwaye kunye neenkqubo zokufuduka azikwazi ukulinganisa ingxaki yokunciphisa inani labahlali bendawo. Kwimimandla kukho ukuncipha kwinani labantu abaneminyaka yobudala, oku kubangelwa izinga lokuzalwa eliphantsi kunye nokwanda kwithuba lokuphila (iminyaka engama-71). Konke oku kwandisa umthwalo wabantu kwaye kuthintela kakubi umnotho wendawo. Ngokwesini, isibalo sabantu besithili saseRostov asifani kakhulu nakweminye imimandla, inani labasetyhini liyabakho ngaphezu kwenani lamadoda, ngakumbi ekudala.

Uhlanga lwabantu

Ukuba sivavanya ukubunjwa kobuhlanga besizwe saseRostov, ngoko siyakwazi ukunyuka okuncinci kuma-Ukrainiya kwisakhiwo esiphezulu sabemi bendawo. I-86% yabemi yiRashiya, malunga ne-2% ngabantu base-Ukraine, i-2.6% yi-Armenian. Amaqela asele asele ayenzi ngaphantsi kwe-1% yenani labantu abemi. Abantu abangama-97% bathetha isiRashiya. Unqulo oluphambili lu-Orthodoxy.

Uqoqosho kunye nomsebenzi wabemi beRostov esifundeni

Ummandla uhlala kwindawo engama-39 eRashiya ngokubhekiselele kwiinkqubo zokuphuhlisa intlalo-qoqosho. Apha i-industrial processing, igrarian, amalahle, eyimimandla eyomeleleyo kunye nokwakha amashishini iphuhliswe kakuhle. Ubuninzi bendawo yesithili saseRostov sisebenza kwi-trade wholesale kunye neentengiso-malunga ne-20%, kwezolimo - 16% kunye nokuvelisa-14%. Abaqeshi baninzi kummandla yizityalo ze-metallurgical kunye neemoto eTaganrog, i-Atommash kunye neRostselmash, i-Electrical Locomotive Plant eNovocherkassk. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi awukho wonke umntu. Izinga lokungabikho kwemisebenzi kummandla ngowama-5.1%, ephantsi kuneendawo ezisemzantsi zakwa-Federation, kodwa ziphezulu kunomyinge wesizwe. Ukongezelela, kukho ukubizwa ngokungabhalwanga kwemisebenzi, kwaye izikhombisi zayo ziphezulu kakhulu. Abantu abaselula abakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi emva kokugqitywa kwiiyunivesithi, kwaye oku kuchaphazela kakubi ukuma kwendawo.